Workbook Moudle 89.docx
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Workbook Moudle 89.docx
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WorkbookMoudle89
WeldingInspectionTechnologyWorkbook
焊接检验技术手册
Module8
第8单元
Weldingmetallurgyfortheweldinginspector
焊接检验师的焊接冶金学
请不要在此书上书写!
Don’twriteinthisbook!
Q8-1当金属被加热时(Asametalisheated:
)
a.能量被加入结构(energyisaddedtothestructure)
b.原子分的更开(theatomsmovefurtherapart)
c.原子振动更激烈(theatomsvibratemorevigorously)
d.金属膨胀(themetalexpands)
e.以上都是(alloftheabove)
Q8-2哪种物质状态所含的能量最少(Thestateofmatterwhichexhibitstheleastamountofenergyis:
)
a.固体(solid)
b.液体(liquid)
c.气体(gas)
d.类似液体(quasi-liquid)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-3由于在焊接过程中产生不均匀加热而在焊件上引起的问题是(Aproblemoccurringinweldmentscausedbythenonuniformheatingproducedbytheweldingoperationis:
)
a.气孔(porosity)
b.未熔合(incompletefusion)
c.变形(distortion)
d.夹渣(slaginclusions)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-4下列哪种方法不能用于消除或减少残余应力(Whichofthefollowingisnotamethodusedtoeliminateorreduceresidualstresses?
)
a.振动消除应力(vibratorystressrelief)
b.外部拘束(externalrestraint)
c.热消除应力(thermalstressrelief)
d.锤击(peening)
e.退火(annealing)
Q8-5哪种合金形式使得合金原子位于母材原子之中的空间(Thetypeofalloyinginwhichthealloyatomsarelocatedinthespacesbetweentheatomsoftheparentmetalisreferredtoas:
)
f.原子合金(atomicalloying)
g.替代合金(substitutionalalloying)
h.分隔合金(spacealloying)
i.间隙合金(interstitialalloying)
a.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-6奥氏体钢迅速淬火将会产生一个坚硬和脆性结构,它是(Rapidquenchingofasteelfromtheausteniticrangeresultsinahard,brittlestructureknownas:
)
a.珠光体(pearlite)
b.碳化物(carbide)
c.碳化铁(cementite)
d.铁素体(ironite)
e.马氏体(martensite)
Q8-7钢在缓慢冷却时可产生一种软的,易延伸的显微结构。
当在高倍放大下可以看到该结构为片状。
这种结构是(Veryslowcoolingofsteelmayresultintheproductionofasoft,ductilemicrostructurewhichhasasalamellarappearancewhenviewedunderhighmagnification.Thisstructureisreferredtoas:
)
a.马氏体(martensite)
b.珠光体(pearlite)
c.贝氏体(bainite)
d.铁素体(ferrite)
e.碳化铁(cementite)
Q8-8当钢迅速冷却时,产生马氏体。
什么样的热处理可改善钢的延展性(Whenrapidcoolingproducesamartensiticstructure,whatsub-criticalheattreatmentmaybeappliedtoimprovetheductilityofthesteel?
)
a.淬火(quenching)
b.回火(tempering)
c.退火(annealing)
d.正火(normalizing)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-9焊接过程可以产生过多的热量输入。
下列哪些改变可以减少热输入?
(Itisdeterminedthataweldingprocedureiscreatinganexcessiveheatinput.Whichofthechangeslistedbelowwouldresultinareductionoftheheatinput?
)
a.降低电流(decreasecurrent)
b.降低电压(decreasevoltage)
c.焊接速度加快(increasetravelspeed)
d.从横向摆动焊道改成直线焊道技术(changefromweavetostringerbeadtechnique)
e.以上都是(alloftheabove)
Q8-10预热的应用将(Theuseofpreheatwilltendto:
)
a.导致热影响区更宽(resultinawiderheat-affectedzone)
b.降低热影响区的硬度(producealowerheat-affectedzonehardness)
c.降低冷却速度(slowdownthecoolingrate)
d.减少在热影响区形成马氏体的倾向(reducethetendencytoproducemartensiteintheheat-affectedzone)
e.以上都是(alloftheabove)
Q8-11下列哪些改变会要求预热或提高预热温度(Whichofthefollowingchangeswillwarrantanadditionorincreaseinrequiredpreheat?
)
a.减少碳当量(decreasedcarbonequivalent)
b.增加碳当量(increasedcarbonequivalent)
c.增加母材厚度(increasedbasemetalthickness)
d.上述a和b(aandcabove)
e.上述b和c(bandcabove)
Q8-12把部件保持在奥氏体化温度下一段时间并在炉中缓慢冷却的热处理是什么(Whatheattreatmentischaracterizedbyholdingthepartattheaustenitizingtemperatureforsometimeandthenslowcoolinginthefurnace?
)
a.正火(normalizing)
b.淬火(quenching)
c.退火(annealing)
d.回火(tempering)
e.消除应力(stressrelief)
Q8-13把部件保持在奥氏体化温度下一段时间并在静止的空气中缓慢冷却的热处理是什么Whatheattreatmentischaracterizedbyholdingthepartattheaustenitizingtemperatureforsometimeandthencoolinginstillair?
a.正火(normalizing)
b.淬火(quenching)
c.退火(annealing)
d.回火(tempering)
e.应力消除(stressrelief)
Q8-14钢在加热至下转变温度A1以上时将改变金相组织。
这个温度是(Steelheatedabovethelowertransformationtemperature(A1)willchangemicrostructuralalignment.Thistemperatureis:
)
a.1333F
b.933F
c.1560F
d.3600F
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-15在固体(冰冻)状态中的原子:
(Atomsinthesolid(frozen)state:
)
a.有某个“平衡”位置(haveaspecific“home”position)
b.没有明显结构(havenodistinctstructure)
c.基本固定在一确定的结构位置(areessentiallyfixedinadefinitestructuredposition)
d.上述的a和c(aandcabove)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-16在以每分钟5英吋焊接速度,25伏和100安培下,一个熔化的焊接熔池的热输入是多少(Whatistheheatinputforamoltenweldpoolat5ipmtravelspeed,25volts,and100amperes?
)
a.300J/in.
b.300,000J/in.
c.30,000J/in.
d.3.633J/in
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-17原子加入至一纯金属形成合金的一种方法是(Onewaythatatomsareaddedtoapuremetaltoformanalloyis:
)
a.锤击(peening)
b.替代(substitutionally)
c.自动(automatically)
d.固化(solidification)
e.扩散(diffusion)
Q8-18碳加入钢表面以增加硬度的工艺是(Theprocesswherecarbonisaddedtothesurfaceofasteeltohardenitis:
)
a.脱碳(decarburization)
b.渗碳(packcarburizing)
c.沉淀硬化(precipitationhardening)
d.淬火(quenching)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-19钢存在于下列哪种晶体结构中(Steelexistsinwhichofthefollowingcrystalstructures?
)
a.四角体心结构(BCT)
b.面心立方(FCC)
c.体心立方(BCC)
d.以上都是Alloftheabove
e.六角形密集(HCP)
Q8-20淬火后通常进行下列哪种热处理Whichofthefollowingusuallyfollowsquenching?
a.回火(tempering)
b.消除应力(stressrelieving)
c.正火(normalizing)
d.退火(annealing)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-21下列哪种处理可以既用热的方法也可用机械方法完成(Whichofthefollowingcanbeaccomplishedusingeitherthermalormechanicaltechniques?
)
a.退火(annealing)
b.回火(tempering)
c.锤击(quenching)
d.消除应力(stressrelieving)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-22下列哪种处理会使碳钢变的最软(Whichofthefollowingresultsinthesoftestconditionforcarbonsteel?
)
a.退火(annealing)
b.锤击(quenching)
c.消除应力(stressrelieving)
d.回火(tempering)
e.正火(normalizing)
Q8-23一个含有0.16%碳,0.84%的锰,0.09%的镍,0.25%铬,0.052铜和0.40%钼的钢,其碳当量是多少?
(Forasteelhavingachemistryof:
0.16%carbon,0.84%manganese,0.09%nickel,0.25%chromium,0.052%copper,and0.40%molybdenum,whatisitsCarbonEquivalent?
)
(CE=%C+%Mn/6+%Ni/15+%Cr/5+%Cu/13+%Mo/4)
a.0.23
b.0.34
c.0.37
d.0.41
e.0.46
Q8-24至少含有百分之几的铬可以称为不锈钢?
(Stainlesssteelsaredefinedashavingatleastwhatpercentchromium?
)
a.7%
b.12%
c.15%
d.20%
e.30%
Q8-25奥氏体不锈钢的敏化或碳化物的沉淀可以由下列哪些方法减少?
(Sensitization,orcarbideprecipitation,ofausteniticstainlesssteelscanbereducedbywhichofthefollowingmethods?
)
a.固熔处理,水淬火(solutionannealing,waterquenching)
b.使用含稳定化元素如钛或铌(钶)的不锈钢(usingstabilizedgradescontainingtitaniumorniobium(columbium))
c.使用含碳量更低的不锈钢(usingthelowcarbongradesofstainlesssteels)
d.以上都是(alloftheabove)
e.使用高碳不锈钢(usinghighcarbonstainlesssteels)
Q8-26金属必须熔化才能出现扩散现象。
(Metalsmustbemoltenfordiffusiontooccur.)
a.真(true)
b.假(false)
Q8-27氢在室温下能扩散到固体金属中去(Hydrogencandiffuseintoasolidmetalatroomtemperature)
a.真(true)
b.气(false)
Q8-28二种固态金属可以相互溶解(Metalscandissolveintoeachotherwhenbothareinthesolidform.)
a.真(true)
b.假(false)
Q8-29氮是靠哪个工艺溶入到碳钢表面(Theprocesswherebynitrogenisdissolvedintothesurfaceofcarbonsteelis:
)
a.敏化(sensitization)
b.氮迁移(nitrogenremoval)
c.渗碳(carburizing)
d.渗氮(nitriding)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q8-30焊接冶金学是一门关于金属在焊接期间所发生变化的学科(Weldingmetallurgyisconcernedwiththechangesinthemetalsduringwelding.)
a.真(true)
b.假(false)
WeldingInspectionTechnologyWorkbook
焊接检验技术手册
Module9
第9单元
Weldandbasemetaldiscontinuities
焊缝与母材的不连续
请不要在此书上书写!
Don’twriteinthisbook!
Q9-1不连续(discontinuityis:
)
a.总是一个缺陷(alwaysadefect)
b.总是拒收的(alwaysareject)
c.总是可接受的(alwaysacceptable)
d.如果它超过规范的限值,可拒收(rejectableifitexceedscodelimits)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q9-2某个焊缝不连续的危害性,可以按下述哪些情况进行判断(Whetheraparticularwelddiscontinuityiscriticalcanbejudgedonthebasisof:
)
a.是在表面或表面下(whetheritissurfaceorsubsurface)
b.是线性的还是非线性的(whetheritislinearornonlinear)
c.端部是否尖锐(whetherithasasharpendcondition)
d.以上都是(alloftheabove)
e.noneoftheabove
Q9-3一般来说哪种不连续是最严重的?
(Whatdiscontinuityisgenerallyconsideredtobethemostsevere?
)
a.气孔(porosity)
b.未熔合(incompletefusion)
c.夹渣(slaginclusion)
d.裂纹(crack)
e.引弧烧伤(arcstrike)
Q9-4下列哪种不连续不大可能被肉眼发现(Whichofthefollowingdiscontinuitiesislesslikelytobefoundvisually?
)
a.焊趾裂纹toecrack
b.咬边(undercut)
c.层状撕裂(lamellartear)
d.焊瘤(overlap)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q9-5焊道下裂纹是由下列哪种焊接引起的(Underbeadcrackscanresultfromwhichofthefollowingweldingpractices?
)
a.使用湿的焊条(useofwetelectrodes)
b.在污染的钢上焊接(weldingoncontaminatedsteels)
c.在油漆上施焊(weldingoverpaint)
d.所有以上的(alloftheabove)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q9-6由收弧不当所引起的焊缝不连续为(Thewelddiscontinuitythatresultsfromimproperterminationoftheweldingarcisreferredtoas:
)
a.咬边(undercut)
b.焊瘤(overlap)
c.弧坑裂纹(cratercrack)
d.未熔合(incompletefusion)
e.所有以上的(alloftheabove)
Q9-7下列哪种工艺不可能在焊缝中形成夹渣(Ofthefollowingprocesses,whichisunlikelytohaveslaginclusionsinacompletedweld?
)
a.手工电弧焊(SMAW)
b.等离子焊(PAW)
c.药芯焊(FCAW)
d.埋弧焊(SAW)
e.以上都不是(Noneoftheabove)
Q9-8由在焊缝横截面中残留的气体而产生的不连续是(Thediscontinuitythatresultsformtheentrapmentofgaswithintheweldcrosssectionisreferredtoas:
)
a.裂纹(crack)
b.夹渣(slaginclusion)
c.未熔合(incompletefusion)
d.气孔(porosity)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q9-9当焊工施焊太慢,造成过多的焊缝金属流出接头并留在母材表面没有熔化,会产生什么样的焊接不连续(Whatwelddiscontinuityresultswhentheweldertravelstooslowly,causingexcessweldmetaltoflowoutofthejointandlayonthebasemetalsurfacewithoutfusing?
)
a.咬边(undercut)
b.未焊满(underfill)
c.焊瘤(overlap)
d.未熔合(incompletefusion)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q9-10当焊工没有完全填满焊缝坡口时,会产生什么样的焊接不连续(Whatweldmetaldiscontinuityresultswhenthewelderfailstocompletelyfilltheweldgroove?
)
a.未焊满(underfill)
b.咬边(undercut)
c.焊瘤(overlap)
d.未熔合(incompletefusion)
e.以上都不是(noneoftheabove)
Q9-11在一坡口焊缝上堆上过多的焊接金属称为(Excessiveweldmetalbuilduponagrooveweldisreferredtoas:
)
a.太凸(exc
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