高考英语归纳概括主题训练.docx
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高考英语归纳概括主题训练.docx
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高考英语归纳概括主题训练
ReadingTrainingCourse1
归纳概括主题 (TitleandMainIdea)
归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目,考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳,找出文章中心意思的能力。
要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息;既看到树木, 更看到森林;要跳出一词一句,而俯瞰全文;要通读全文,通篇理解。
找出主题句(topicsentence)是一个有用的方法。
中心意思(mainidea)通常是一个完整的句子,它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨;最佳题目(thebesttitle)可以是一个短语词组,它除能概括文章的中心主旨外,还有吸引读者,引发阅读兴趣的任务。
除常见的提问以外,这种题型的提问方式还有:
Themainpointofthepassageis...
Thepassagedealsmainlywith...
Thepassageisabout...
Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose?
Paragraph1
Wouldn'titbeterribleif,wedidn'thavegrass?
Wewouldhavetowalkonbaresoil.Canyouguesswhatourplaygroundswouldlooklike?
Onarainydaywewouldgetallmuddy.Onadrydaywewouldbreathecloudsofdust.
1.Thestorymainlytells_________.
A.whyweneedrain
B.howgrassiskeptgreen
C.howgrasshelpsus
D.withoutgrasswewouldhavetowalkonbaresoil
Paragraph2
Ratsarestillalmostasbigadangertopeopleastheywerelongago.Theystillspreaddiseaseandeatcrops.Muchofthehungerwehavetodayiscausedbyrats.Theyeathalfofthegrainharvestedintheworld.
2.Fromthepassageweknow_________.
A.whyratsareanenemyofpeople
B.howratsdestroyourfood
C.whyratscausedisease
D.whyratsweredangeroustopeoplelongago
Paragraph3
Somesupermarketshaveaspecialwayofgettingpeopletocometothebakerycounters.Sometimestheyspraya"cakesmell"intotheair.Atothertimestheyspraythefreshsmellofbakingbread.Thesesmellsareenoughtomakepeople'smouthswater.Thecustomersthenracemadlytothecountertobuycake,bread,rolls,andotherbakedgoods!
3.Themainideaoftheparagraphis__________.
A.whatcakesmellslike
B.whybakeriesmakemoney
C.howpeopleareattractedtobakerycounters
D.whatbakerycountersinsupermarketssell
Paragraph4
TheManhattan(NewYorkCity)telephonebookisoneofthelargestofitskindinthenation.About1,500,000copiesofthisbookareprintedeach-year.Tomakethepaperofthebooks,43,000treesarecutdown.Therearetwenty-sixcolumnsofSmithsandtwenty-threeofBrowns.Ifallthecopiesofthisbookwerestackedontopofeachother,theywouldmakeapilefortymileshigh.
4.Thesubjectoftheparagraphis_________.
A.whattheManhattanphonebookislike
B.wheretheManhattanbookisprinted
C.howmanytelephonesarethereinNewYork
D.whoprintedthefirstphonebook
Paragraph5
ThewordWaterloohasbecomeasynonymfordefeat-totaldefeatandcompletedisaster.Waterloo,atowninBelgium,wasthesceneofabattlein1851thatbroughtoverwhelmingdefeattoNapoleonBonaparte'sFrenchArmy.AtstakewerethewholecontinentofEuropeandNapoleon'sdreamofanempire.InafewdaysoverfortythousandFrenchsoldiersdied.Withtheirdeathsanewwordfordisasterwasborn—Waterloo.
5.Thesubjectoftheparagraphis__________.
A.whereWaterloois
B.whonamedWaterloo
C.whyNapoleonandtheFrenchArmyweredefeatedatWaterloo
D.howthewordWaterloocametomeandefeat
Correctanswers:
1---5CACAD
Paragraph1
Whatarethetallestplantsintheworld?
ManypeoplewouldsaythatgiantredwoodtreesofCalifornia.Actually,thetallestplantsareintheoceans.Theseareseaweedsthatgrowalmostsevenhundredfeettall.Comparedtothisheight,thegiantredwoodsarepygmiesofonlyfourhundredfeet.Togetsomeideaoftheseheights,considertheStatueofLiberty.Thishugefigurerisesonlythreehundredfeet.
1.Thepassagecanbeentitled__________.
A.RedwoodsinCalifornia
B.TheStatueofLiberty
C.Seaweed
D.TheTallestPlants
Paragraph2
Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature'sanimals,however,thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans.WhensettlerscamefromtheEasttoAmerica'sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison,poisonedtheprairiedogs,andshotthecoyotes.Allthisupsetthearea'sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake.
2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.NatureBalanceItself
B.FloodsandEarthquakes
C.AmericanSettlers
D.Humans--aDisastertoNature
Paragraph3
AtthistimethestateofSouthCarolinawashavinghardtimes.Yearafteryearthesoilhadbeenplantedtothesamecrop.Itwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves,andtheplantersknewlittleaboutsoilconservation.Becausethesoilwasbeginningtowearout,cropsweresmaller.TheyoungerpeoplewerenotsatisfiedtoraisecottononthepoorsoiloftheoldSouth.Manyofthemmovedwestwardandstartedcottonplantations(种植园)inAlabamaandMississippi.Whatwasmore,somuchcottonhadbeenshippedtofactoriesinEnglandandNewEnglandthattheyhadasmuchcottonastheycoulduse.Thisbroughtthepriceofcottondown.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations,andhigherandhigherpricesweredemandedforthem.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.
3.Thesubjectofthispassageis__________.
A.economic(经济的)difficultiesofSouthCarolina
B.thattheplantersknewnothingaboutfarming
C.thatthesoilinSouthCarolinawasnotgood
D.thecausesofhardtimesinSouthCarolina
4.Whichofthefollowingsentencescansummarize(概括)themainideaofthepassage?
A.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.
B.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.
C.Thesoilwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves.
D.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations.
Paragraph4
Whenapieceofpaperburns,itiscompletelychanged.Theashthatisleftbehinddoesnotlookliketheoriginalpieceofpaper.Whendull-redrustappearsonapieceoftinware(锡制品),itisquitedifferentfromthegleamingtin.Thetarnishthatformsonsilverwareisanewsubstanceunlikethesilveritself.Animaltissue(组织)isunlikethevegetablesubstancefromwhichitismade.Achangeinwhichtheoriginalsubstanceisturnedintoadifferentsubstanceiscalledachemicalchange.
5.Theauthorwritesthispassagetotellus_________.
A.howpaperburns
B.thatdull-redontinwareisunliketinitself
C.thatanimaltissueisdifferentfromplant's
D.whatachemicalchangeis
Correctanswers:
1—5DDAAD
Paragraph1
OneofthemostimportantweaponsusedduringtheSecondWorldWarwasnotaweaponusedagainstpeople,butratheradrugusedagainstdisease.Thewartimeuseofpenicillinsavedthousandsoflives.IntheFirstWorldWar,forexample,pneumoniawasresponsibleforeighteenpercentofallthedeathsintheUnitedStatesarmy.IntheSecondWorldWar,theratewentdowntolessthanonepercent.Inaddition,penicillinwasinstrumentalinkeepingwoundsfromgettinginfectedandinhelpingtospeedthehealingprocessofthosewoundsthatdidbecomeinfected.
1.whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ADangerousWeapon
B.GunsintheSecondWorldWar
C.ATerriblePneumonia
D.AnImportantDrug
Paragraph2
Mr.Brown,ashopkeeper,wasgoingtocounttheday'scashtakings.Therewasmorethan£300innotes.Hewasabouttoputtheminabag.Heheardasound.
Adooratthebackoftheroomwasopening.Avoiceshouted"Don'tshout.Don'tlookround.Ihaveagun."Mr.Brownstoodstill.Thevoicewenton,"Dropthatbagandthenotes.Goandstandinthecornerbesidethesafe.Keepquitestill.Remember,Ihaveagun."
Mr.Brownwasfrightened.Heobeyedalltherobber'sorders.Therobberpickedupthenotesandwasabouttogooutbythedooratthebackoftheroom.
Itwasaquarterpastsix.JohnTaylorarrivedoutsidethatverysamebackdoor.Heraisedhishandandwasabouttoknock.Atthatverymomenttherobberopenedthedoor.HewasfrightenedtoseeJohnthere.Helosthishead.Hebecamepanic-stricken.HetriedtopushhiswaypastJohn.ButJohnwassuspicious.Heblockedtherobber'sway.Therewasafight.
Mr.Brownheardthefight.Heforgothisfear,turnedroundandrushedfromhiscorner.Hethrewbothhisarmsroundtherobber.Thispinnedtherobber'sarmstohissidessohecouldnotusehisgun.AtthesamemomentJohnstrucktherobberhardinthestomachandknockedallthebreathoutofhisbody.Therobberfelltothegroundinapile.HestillheldthenotesbuthisgunfellonthefloorandJohnquicklypickeditup.Allwasnowover.Soonthepolicearrived
2.Themainideaofthispassageis_________.
A.arobberrobbedashop
B.Mr.BrownandMr.Taylorfoughtagainstarobber
C.Nonebutthebravecanwinvictory
D.JohnTaylorwasabraveman
Paragraph3
Sometimespeoplecalleachother"scared-cat",buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutthisexpression?
Whenacatisfrightened,itsheartstartsbeatingfaster,itsmusclesgettense,andtherearechangesinthechemicalsinitsbloodstream.Althoughthecatdoesn'trealizethis,itsbodyisgettingreadyforaction.Ifthedangercontinues,theanimalwilldooneoftwothings.Itwilldefend itself,oritwillrunawayasfastasitcan.
Somethinglikethisalsohappenstopeople.Whenweareexcited,angry,scared,orarousedby
otheremotions(feelings),ourbodiesgothroughmanyphysicalchanges.Ourheartsbeatfaster,andourmusclesgettense.Allofthesechangesmakeusmorealertandreadytoreact.We,too,getreadytodefendourselvesorrun.
Humanbeings,however,haveaproblemthatanimalsneverface.Ifwegivewa
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