最新英语四级阅读练习及答案.docx
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最新英语四级阅读练习及答案.docx
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最新英语四级阅读练习及答案
2015年英语四级阅读练习及答案(38)
1.ThreeKindsofFatigue
Fatigueisoneofthemostcommoncomplaintsbroughttodoctors,friends,andrelatives.You#39;dthinkinthiseraoflabor-savingdevicesandconvenienttransportationthatfewpeoplewouldhavereasontobesotired.Butprobablymorepeoplecomplainoffatiguetodaythaninthedayswhenhaywasbaledbyhandandlaundryscrubbedonawashboard.
Thecausesofmodern-dayfatiguearediverseandonlyrarelyrelatedtoexcessivephysicalexertion.Therelativelyfewpeoplewhodoheavylaboralldaylongalmostnevercomplainaboutbeingtired,perhapsbecausetheyexpecttobe.Today,physiciansreport,tirednessismorelikelyaconsequenceofunder-exertionthanofwearingyourselfdownwithover-activity.Infact,increasedphysicalactivityisoftenprescribedasacureforloweringenergy.
Physical.Thisisthewell-knownresultofoverworkingyourmusclestothepointwheremetabolic(新成代谢的)wasteproducts—carbondioxideandlacticacid(乳酸)—accumulateinourbloodandreduceyourstrength.Yourmusclescan#39;tcontinuetoworkefficientlyinabathofthesechemicals.Physicalfatigueisusuallyapleasanttiredness,suchasthatwhichyoumightexperienceafterplayingahardsetoftennis,choppingwood,orclimbingamountain.Thecureissimpleandfast:
Yourest,givingyourbodyachancetogetridofaccumulatedwastesandrestoremusclefuel.
Pathological(病理的).Herefatigueisawarningsignorconsequenceofsomeunderlyingphysicaldisorder,perhapsthecommoncoldorfluorsomethingmoreseriouslikediabetesorcancer.Usuallyothersymptomsbesidesfatiguearepresentthatsuggestthetruecause.
Evenafteranillnesshaspassed,you#39;relikelytofeeldraggedoutforaweekormore.Takeyourfatigueasasignaltogoslowwhileyourbodyhasachancetorecoverfullyevenifallyouhadwasacold.Pushingyourselftoresumefullactivitytoosooncouldleadtoarelapse(旧病复发)andalmostcertainlywillprolongourperiodoffatigue.
Eventhoughillnessisnotfrequentcauseofprolongedfatigue,it#39;sveryimportantthatitnotbeoverlooked.Therefore,anyonewhofeelsdrainedofenergyforweeksonendshouldhaveathoroughphysicalcheck-up.Butevenifnothingshowsupasaresultofthevariousmedicaltests,thatdoesn#39;tmeanthere#39;snothingwrongwithyou.
Psychological.Emotionalproblemsandconflicts,especiallydepressionandanxiety,arebyfarthemostcommoncausesofprolongedfatigue.Fatiguemayrepresentadefencemechanismthatpreventsyoufromhavingtofacethetruecauseofyourdepression,suchasthefactthatyouhateyourjob.Itisalsoyourbody#39;ssafetymechanismforexpressingrepressedemotionalconflicts,suchasfeelingtrappedinanungratefulroleoranunhappymarriage.Whensuchfeelingsarenotexpressedopenly,theyoftencomeoutasphysicalsymptoms,withfatigueasoneofthemostcommonmanifestations."Manypeoplewhoareextremelyfatigueddon#39;tevenknowthey#39;redepressed,"Dr.Bulettesays."They#39;resobusydistractingthemselvesorjustworryingaboutbeingtiredthattheydon#39;trecognizetheirdepression."
Thereisagreatdealyoucandoonyourowntodealwithbothsevereprolongedfatigueandthoseperiodicwashed-outfeelings.Vitaminsandtranquilizers(镇静剂)arealmostnevertherightanswer,sleepingpillsandalcoholarecounterproductive,andcaffeineisatbestatemporarysolutionthatcanbackfirewithabuseandcauselife-disruptingsymptomsofanxiety.Instead,youmighttry:
Diet
Ifyoueatasmallbreakfastornoneatall,you#39;relikelytoexperiencemid-morningfatigue,theresultofadropinbloodsugar,whichyourbodyandbraindependonforenergy.Forpeakenergyinthemorning,besuretoeataproperbreakfast,lowinsugarandfairlyhighinprotein,whichwillprovideasteadysupplyofbloodsugarthroughoutthemorning.Coffeeandadoughnutarealmostworsethannothing,providingabriefboostandthenlettingyoudownwithathud.
Exercise
Contrarytowhatyoumaythink,exerciseenhances,ratherthansaps,energy.Regularconditioningexercises,suchasjogging,cycling,orswimming,helpyoutoresistfatiguebyincreasingyourbody#39;sabilitytohandlemoreofaworkload.Yougettiredlessquicklybecauseyourcapabilityisgreater.
Exercisealsohasawell-recognizedtranquilizingeffect,whichhelpsyouworkinamorerelaxedfashionandbelessdraggeddownbythetensionsofyourday.Attheendofadayexercisecanrelieveaccumulatedtensions,giveyoumoreenergyintheevening,andhelpyousleepmorerestfully.
Sleep
Ifyouknowyou#39;retiredbecauseyouhaven#39;tbeengettingenoughsleep,thesolutionissimple:
Gettobedearlier.There#39;snorightamountofsleepforeveryone,andgenerallysleeprequirementsdeclinewithage.Findtheamountthatsuitsyoubest,andaimforit.Insomnia(失眠)andothersleepdisordersshouldnotbetreatedwithsleepingpills,alcohol,ortranquilizers,whichcanactuallymaketheproblemworse.Knowyourself
Trytoscheduleyourmostdifficultjobsforthetimeofdaywhenyou#39;reatyourpeak.Someare"morningpeople"whotirebymid-afternoon;othersdotheirbestworkintheevening.Don#39;toverextendyourself,tryingtoclimbtheladderofsuccessatarecordpaceortomeeteveryone#39;sdemandsorexpectations.Decidewhatyouwanttodoandwhatyoucanhandlecomfortably,andlearntosaynotoadditionalrequests.Recognizeyourenergycyclesandplanaccordingly.Manywomenhavealowpointpremenstrually,duringwhichtimeextrasleepmaybeneededanddemandingactivitiesareparticularlyexhausting.,Takebreaks
Nomatterhowinterestingordemandingyouwork,you#39;llbeabletodoitwithmorevigorifnowandagainyoustop,stretch,andchangethescenery.Insteadofcoffeeandasweetrollonyourbreak,trymeditation,yoga,callisthenics(健美操),orabriskwalk.Evenrunningupanddownthestaircasecanproviderefreshmentfromasedentary(久坐的)job.Ifyourjobisphysicallydemanding,relaxinaquietplaceforawhile.Thedo-something-differentrulealsoappliestovacation;"gettingawayfromitall"foraweekortwoorlongercanbehighlyrevitalizing,helpingyoutoputthingsinperspectiveandenablingyoutotakeyourjobmoreinstrideuponyourreturn.
1.Accordingtothepassage,itishardforpeopletofindcausesoftirednesswhentheyareleadingacomfortableandconvenientlife.
2.Causesofcertaintypesoffatiguearediscussedandsomesuggestionsareputforwardinthepassage.
3.Mostpeopledon#39;twanttotalkabouttheirunhappyfeelingswithothers.
4.Physicalfatigueisgoodbecauseitbringsusalotofpleasure.
5.Psychologicalfatigueisthelikelyresponseofourbodytoemotionalproblemsandconflicts.
6.Coffeeandadoughnutmakethesatisfyingbreakfastastheyprovidepeoplewiththedesiredenergy.
7.Whenyouhaveaprolongedfatigue,itisnecessarytohaveathoroughphysicalcheck-
upevenifthereisnothingwrongwithyou.
8.Nomatterhowinterestingordemandingyourwork,youneedto______.
9.Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthattheauthor#39;sattitudestowardstheapproachtodealingwithmodern-fatigueis______.
10.Accordingtophysicians#39;report,tirednessmoreprobablyresultsfrom______.
答案:
1.N2.Y3.NG4.N5.Y6.N7.N8.takebreaks9.positive10.under-exertion
2.
IntheUnitedStates,itisnot11totelephonesomeoneveryearlyinthemorning.Ifyoutelephonehimearlyintheday,whileheisshavingorhavingbreakfast,thetimeofthecallshowsthatthematterisveryimportantandrequiresimmediateattention.Thesamemeaningisattachedtotelephonecallsmadeafter11:
00p.m..Ifsomeonereceivesacallduringsleepinghours,he12it'samatteroflifeanddeath.Thetimechosenforthecall13itsimportance.
In14life,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheU.S.A.,gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyregardedifthe15toadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworld,itmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarin16becauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thus,misunderstandings17betweenpeoplefromculturesthattreattimedifferently.
Promptnessisvalued18inAmericanlife,forexample.Ifpeoplearenotprompt,theymayberegardedasimpoliteornotfullyresponsible.IntheU.S.noonewouldthinkofkeepingabusiness19waitingforanhour,itwouldbetooimpolite.Apersonwhois5minuteslateis20tomakeashortapology.Ifheislessthan5minuteslate,hewillsayafewwordsofexplanation,thoughperhapshewillnotcompletethesentence.
A.highly
B.
engagement
C.
customary
D.
social
E.inform
F.
invitation
G.
advance
H.
absence
I. heavily
J.
associate
K.
expected
L.
assumes
M.habitual
N.
arise
O.
communicates
答案:
11.C12.L13.O14.D15.F16.G17.N18.A19.J20.K
HowtoDealWithDifficultPeople
InNewYorkCityoneday,abusinesswomangotintoataxi.Becauseitwasrushhourandshewashurryingforatrain,shesuggestedaroute."I#39;vebeenacabby(车夫)for15years!
"thedriveryelled."YouthinkIdon#39;tknowthebestwaytogo?
"
Thewomantriedtoexplainthatshehadn#39;tmeanttooffendhim,butthedriverkeptyelling.Shefinallyrealizedhewastooupsettobereasonable.Soshedidtheunexpected."Youknow,you#39;reright,"shetoldhim."Itmustseemdumbformetoassumeyoudon#39;tknowthebestway
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