美国经典演讲麦克阿瑟《老兵不死》英文原版及翻译.docx
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美国经典演讲麦克阿瑟《老兵不死》英文原版及翻译.docx
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美国经典演讲麦克阿瑟《老兵不死》英文原版及翻译
美国经典演讲-麦克阿瑟:
《老兵不死》(英文原版及翻译)
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attackagainstanyone,nordoesitprovidethebastionsessentialforoffensive
operations,butproperlymaintained,wouldbeaninvincibledefenseagainst
aggression.TheholdingofthisliteraldefenselineinthewesternPacificis
entirelydependentuponholdingallsegmentsthereof;foranymajorbreachof
thatlinebyanunfriendlypowerwouldrendervulnerabletodeterminedattack
everyothermajorsegment. ThisisamilitaryestimateastowhichIhaveyet
tofindamilitaryleaderwhowilltakeexception.Forthatreason,Ihave
stronglyrecommendedinthepast,asamatterofmilitaryurgency,thatunderno
circumstancesmustFormosafallunderCommunistcontrol.Suchaneventuality
wouldatoncethreatenthefreedomofthePhilippinesandthelossofJapanand
mightwellforceourwesternfrontierbacktothecoastofCalifornia,Oregon
andWashington. TounderstandthechangeswhichnowappearupontheChinese
mainland,onemustunderstandthechangesinChinesecharacterandcultureover
thepast50years.China,upto50yearsago,wascompletelynon-homogenous,
beingcompartmentedintogroupsdividedagainsteachother.Thewar-making
tendencywasalmostnon-existent,astheystillfollowedthetenetsofthe
Confucianidealofpacifistculture.Attheturnofthecentury,underthe
regimeofChangTsoLin,effortstowardgreaterhomogeneityproducedthestart
ofanationalisturge.Thiswasfurtherandmoresuccessfullydevelopedunder
theleadershipofChiangKai-Shek,buthasbeenbroughttoitsgreatestfruition
underthepresentregimetothepointthatithasnowtakenonthecharacterof
aunitednationalismofincreasinglydominant,aggressivetendencies. Through
thesepast50yearstheChinesepeoplehavethusbecomemilitarizedintheir
conceptsandintheirideals.Theynowconstituteexcellentsoldiers,with
competentstaffsandcommanders.Thishasproducedanewanddominantpowerin
Asia,which,foritsownpurposes,isalliedwithSovietRussiabutwhichinits
ownconceptsandmethodshasbecomeaggressivelyimperialistic,withalustfor
expansionandincreasedpowernormaltothistypeofimperialism. Thereis
littleoftheideologicalconcepteitheronewayoranotherintheChinese
make-up.Thestandardoflivingissolowandthecapitalaccumulationhasbeen
sothoroughlydissipatedbywarthatthemassesaredesperateandeagerto
followanyleadershipwhichseemstopromisethealleviationoflocal
stringencies. IhavefromthebeginningbelievedthattheChineseCommunists'
supportoftheNorthKoreanswasthedominantone.Theirinterestsare,at
present,parallelwiththoseoftheSoviet.ButIbelievethatthe
aggressivenessrecentlydisplayednotonlyinKoreabutalsoinIndo-Chinaand
TibetandpointingpotentiallytowardtheSouthreflectspredominantlythesame
lustfortheexpansionofpowerwhichhasanimatedeverywould-beconqueror
sincethebeginningoftime. TheJapanesepeople,sincethewar,have
undergonethegreatestreformationrecordedinmodernhistory.Witha
commendablewill,eagernesstolearn,andmarkedcapacitytounderstand,they
have,fromtheashesleftinwar'swake,erectedinJapananedificededicated
tothesupremacyofindividuallibertyandpersonaldignity;andintheensuing
processtherehasbeencreatedatrulyrepresentativegovernmentcommittedto
theadvanceofpoliticalmorality,freedomofeconomicenterprise,andsocial
justice. Politically,economically,andsociallyJapanisnowabreastofmany
freenationsoftheearthandwillnotagainfailtheuniversaltrust.Thatit
maybecountedupontowieldaprofoundlybeneficialinfluenceoverthecourse
ofeventsinAsiaisattestedbythemagnificentmannerinwhichtheJapanese
peoplehavemettherecentchallengeofwar,unrest,andconfusionsurrounding
themfromtheoutsideandcheckedcommunismwithintheirownfrontierswithout
theslightestslackeningintheirforwardprogress.Isentallfourofour
occupationdivisionstotheKoreanbattlefrontwithouttheslightestqualmsas
totheeffectoftheresultingpowervacuumuponJapan.Theresultsfully
justifiedmyfaith.Iknowofnonationmoreserene,orderly,andindustrious,
norinwhichhigherhopescanbeentertainedforfutureconstructiveservicein
theadvanceofthehumanrace. Ofourformerward,thePhilippines,wecan
lookforwardinconfidencethattheexistingunrestwillbecorrectedanda
strongandhealthynationwillgrowinthelongeraftermathofwar'sterrible
destructiveness.Wemustbepatientandunderstandingandneverfailthem--as
inourhourofneed,theydidnotfailus.AChristiannation,thePhilippines
standasamightybulwarkofChristianityintheFarEast,anditscapacityfor
highmoralleadershipinAsiaisunlimited. OnFormosa,thegovernmentofthe
RepublicofChinahashadtheopportunitytorefutebyactionmuchofthe
maliciousgossipwhichsounderminedthestrengthofitsleadershiponthe
Chinesemainland.TheFormosanpeoplearereceivingajustandenlightened
administrationwithmajorityrepresentationontheorgansofgovernment,and
politically,economically,andsociallytheyappeartobeadvancingalongsound
andconstructivelines. Withthisbriefinsightintothesurroundingareas,I
nowturntotheKoreanconflict.WhileIwasnotconsultedpriortothe
President'sdecisiontointerveneinsupportoftheRepublicofKorea,that
decisionfromamilitarystandpoint,provedasoundone,aswehurledbackthe
invaderanddecimatedhisforces.Ourvictorywascomplete,andourobjectives
withinreach,whenRedChinaintervenedwithnumericallysuperiorgroundforces.
Thiscreatedanewwarandanentirelynewsituation,asituationnot
contemplatedwhenourforceswerecommittedagainsttheNorthKoreaninvaders;a
situationwhichcalledfornewdecisionsinthediplomaticspheretopermitthe
realisticadjustmentofmilitarystrategy. Suchdecisionshavenotbeen
forthcoming. Whilenomaninhisrightmindwouldadvocatesendingourground
forcesintocontinentalChina,andsuchwasnevergivenathought,thenew
situationdidurgentlydemandadrasticrevisionofstrategicplanningifour
politicalaimwastodefeatthisnewenemyaswehaddefeatedtheold. Apart
fromthemilitaryneed,asIsawIt,toneutralizethesanctuaryprotection
giventheenemynorthoftheYalu,Ifeltthatmilitarynecessityintheconduct
ofthewarmadenecessary:
firsttheintensificationofoureconomicblockade
againstChina;twotheimpositionofanavalblockadeagainsttheChinacoast;
threeremovalofrestrictionsonairreconnaissanceofChina'scoastalareasand
ofManchuria;fourremovalofrestrictionsontheforcesoftheRepublicof
ChinaonFormosa,withlogisticalsupporttocontributetotheireffective
operationsagainstthecommonenemy. Forentertainingtheseviews,all
professionallydesignedtosupportourforcescommittedtoKoreaandbring
hostilitiestoanendwiththeleastpossibledelayandatasavingofcountless
Americanandalliedlives,Ihavebeenseverelycriticizedinlaycircles,
principallyabroad,despitemyunderstandingthatfromamilitarystandpointthe
aboveviewshavebeenfullysharedinthepastbypracticallyeverymilitary
leaderconcernedwiththeKoreancampaign,includingourownJointChiefsof
Staff. Icalledforreinforcementsbutwasinformedthatreinforcementswere
notavailable.Imadeclearthatifnotpermittedtodestroytheenemybuilt-up
basesnorthoftheYalu,ifnotpermittedtoutilizethefriendlyChineseForce
ofsome600,000menonFormosa,ifnotpermittedtoblockadetheChinacoastto
preventtheChineseRedsfromgettingsuccorfromwithout,andiftherewereto
benohopeofmajorreinforcements,thepositionofthecommandfromthe
militarystandpointforbadevictory. WecouldholdinKoreabyconstant
maneuverandinanapproximateareawhereoursupplylineadvantageswerein
balancewiththesupplylinedisadvantagesoftheenemy,butwecouldhopeat
bestforonlyanindecisivecampaignwithitsterribleandconstantattrition
uponourforcesiftheenemyutilizeditsfullmilitarypotential.Ihave
constantlycalledforthenewpoliticaldecisionsessentialtoasolution.
Effortshavebeenmadetodistortmyposition.Ithasbeensaid,ineffect,
thatIwasawarmonger.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Iknowwaras
fewothermennowlivingknowit,andnothingtomeismorerevolting.Ihave
longadvocateditscompleteabolition,asitsverydestructivenessonboth
friendandfoehasrenderedituselessasameansofsettlinginternational
disputes.Indeed,ontheseconddayofSeptember,nineteenhundredand
forty-five,justfollowingthesurrenderoftheJapanesenationonthe
BattleshipMissouri,Iformallycautionedasfollows:
"Mensincethebeginning
oftimehave soughtpeace.Variousmethodsthroughthe ageshavebeen
attemptedtodevisean internationalprocesstopreventorsettle disputes
betweennations.Fromthevery startworkablemethodswerefoundinso far
asindividualcitizenswereconcerned, butthemechanicsofaninstrumentality
of largerinternationalscopehavenever beensuccessful.Military
alliances, balancesofpower,LeaguesofNations, allinturnfailed,
leavingtheonlypathto bebywayofthecrucibleofwar.The utter
destructivenessofwarnowblocks outthisalternative.Wehavehadourlast
chance.Ifwewillnotdevisesome greaterandmoreequitablesystem,
Armageddonwillbeat
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