A Study on the Differences of SinoEnglish Thinking Modes in Crosscultural CommunicationWord下载.docx
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A Study on the Differences of SinoEnglish Thinking Modes in Crosscultural CommunicationWord下载.docx
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思维模式;
跨文化交际;
文化;
语言
Abstract
Thedifferencesofthinkingmodesarecausedbythelanguagesthemselvesandtheusagesinparticularculturalbackgroundandmainsocialbody.Ignoringthesedifferenceswouldleadtocross-culturalcommunicationalfaultsanddeepenculturalconflicts.Weoughttoknowthesedifferencesandlookforawaytoeliminatethemtoavoidlinguisticerrorsandculturalconflicts.Cross-culturalcommunicationisaninterdisciplinarysubjectwhichgrewupintheUnitedStatesduringthemid-60sof20thcentury.Theso-calledcross-culturalcommunicationrefersto"
thecommunicationbetweendifferentsubculturegroupsorindividualsinthesamedominantculture”;
italsomeans“communicationbetweenpeoplefromEast-Westcultural"
(JiaYuxin,1974).Itfocusesonstudiesoftherelationshipbetweencultureandcommunication,andtheinfluencethatcultureexertsontheprocessofcommunication.However,whenfacingthosewhohaveanunfamiliarculturalbackgroundorcomefromdifferentcountries,whosemodesofthinking,livinghabitsandbehaviorpatternsarecompletelydifferentfromus.Conflictsareinevitableduringcommunicationduetotheobviousculturaldifferences.Forthisreason,inthecontextofglobalization,itissignificanttoexploreculturaldifferencesstrengthentheinternationalculturalexchanges,underlycausesforthedifferences,andlookforaneffectivemethodofcommunicationindiversity.
Keywords:
modesofthinking;
cross-culture;
communication;
culture;
language
TableofContents
Outline1
Introduction3
Chapter
ThinkingModes4
1.1.DeterminantofThinkingModes4
1.2.ReasonsoftheDifferences4
1.3.ThinkingModesandCross-culturalCommunication5
1.3.1.PragmaticFailure5
1.3.2.CulturalCollision6
AspectsoftheDifferences7
2.1DailyCommunication7
2.1.1AddressTerms7
2.1.2Greetings8
2.2TabooWords9
2.3AMatterofFace10
2.3.1ChineseViewofFace11
2.3.2Westerners’ViewofFace12
2.4InternationalCorporateEvents13
2.4.1ViewofTime13
2.4.2ViewofSpace15
ChapterⅢMethodstoEliminateDifferences17
4.1.ForeignLanguageTeachingandLearningSystem17
4.2.TheLearningLaw18
4.3.CulturalCultivation18
4.4.WesternCulturalMaterials19
4.5.NonverbalCommunicationAbility20
Conclusion22
Bibliography23
Acknowledgements25
Outline
Thesisstatement:
Thinkingmodesaffectthecross-culturalcommunicationastheyareproducedbythelivingenvironmentsandculturalbackgroundsofthelanguagespeakers.
.Introduction
.Whatisthinkingmode?
A.Whatdeterminemodesofthinking?
B.Whythinkingmodesaredifferent?
C.Thereareconnectionbetweenthinkingmodesandcross-culturalcommunication.
.Someaspectsofthedifferencesofthinkingmodesthatarecommon.
A.Thinkingmodesinfluencesocialcontact..
1.Addresstermshaveanimportantsocialfunction.
2.DifferentgreetingsareusedinChinaandEnglishspeakingcountries.
B.TherearemanytaboosinbothChineseandwesternculture.
C.FacetheoriesexistinChinaandEnglish-speakingcountries.
1.ViewoffaceinChina.
2.ViewoffaceinWesterncountries.
D.Factorsaffectinternationalcorporateevents.
1.DifferentviewsoftimeexistinChinaandEnglish-speakingcountries.
2.DifferentviewsofspaceexistinChinaandEnglish-speakingcountries.
.Itismeaningfultounderstandthethinkingmodes.
A.Itunveilsthedifferencesofthoughtsupplement.
B.Itenhancesculturalcommunicationbyunderstandingthelearninglaw.
C.Knowingtheculturalcultivationishelpful
D.MakingfulluseofWesternculturalmaterials.
E.Thenonverbalcommunicationabilityisalsoimportant.
.Conclusion:
Thinkingmodescaneasilyaffectourcommunicationwithforeignersintheaspectsofsocialcontact,taboos,facetheories,anddifferentviewsoftimeandspaceinChinaandEnglish-speakingcountries.Weshouldusesomeeffectivewaystodecreasethosedifferences.Itisdifficulttoeliminatethosefaultsuntilwerealizethem.Timeisneededtoadapttothosedifferences,analyzethereasons,andsolvethem.Languageisthebasicmethodininternationalcommunication,whatweshoulddowhenlearningforeignlanguagesistostudythenativespeakers’thinkingmodesandculturetomaketheworldtrulyclose.
Introduction
Thinkingisabstract,untouchableandinvisible,andinternationalthroughsomeforms.Andlanguageisanimportantcarrierofthoughtwhichiscalledthinkingmode.Theydifferbecauseoftheculturalbackgroundsanddisplaysomeculturalconflicts,suchastheaddresstermsindailylife,greetingwords,taboowords,faceproblemsetc.Itisalsoshownininternationalcorporationsasdifferentpeoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentviewsintimeandspace.Forexample,EnglishbelongstotheWesternlanguagesystem,whichhasadistinctivefeatureofanalysiswithintheusers;
ChinesebelongstoEasternlanguagesystem,whichhasthegreatestcharacteristicofholismandstronglogicality.Theusersholddifferentworldviews,valuesviewsandculturalbackgrounds,andtheirmethodsandveracityofexpressionwillbedifferent.Whendealingwiththeseproblems,peoplearenotrequiredtochangetheirexistingmodesofthinking,valueviews,worldviews,butthroughthemasteryofthelanguagesavoidnegativetransferwhichconstructanothersetofthinkingmode.Inthispaper,theauthoralsogivessomeeffectivemethodstosolvethoseconflicts.Bothlearningsystemandteachingsystemshouldbeimproved.Wealsoshowourattentiontononverbalcommunicationabilitywhichwouldinfluenceourhabits.
.ThinkingModes
Thoughtisthethingthathumanbrainreflectscognitiveactivityoutsideofthings.Aparticularmodeofthinkinghassomesocialfeatures,suchas,stability,structure,stylizedinaparticularfiled.Therefore,theso-calledmodesofthinkingistheuniversalandstablestructureandprogramofthinkingwithinthecognitiveprocessofhumanbeings,whichisthelawandmeansofthinkingcombinedbyaunifiedway.Differenceofthinkingmodeisoneimportantreasonthatresultsinculturaldifference.Understandingculturaldifferencesandmodesofthinkingcanhelpustocrosstheresultingbarriers,andeffectivelycommunicateandcooperateintheinternationalculturalenvironments.
1.1.DeterminantofThinkingModes
Culturalmodeldeterminesthemodesofthinking.Eachnationlivesinaspecificnaturalandgeographicalenvironmentandhasformeditsownhistoricalbackground,culturaltraditions,anditsownthinkingmodes,whichresultsintheculturaldifferences.Modesofthinkingvarywithdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Peopleareusedtothinkingproblemsintheirownculturalunderstanding.Forexample,whenwewritetheaddress,theordermustbe:
thecountryname-provincename-townnames-streetnames-residentialhousenumber–recipient,buttheAmericansdoitjustthereverse.Thisshowsdifferencesbetweentwothinkingmodes.
1.2.ReasonsoftheDifferences
Peopleofdifferentcultureshavedifferentcognitivemodelstotheoutsideworld,andthethinkingmodesmustbedifferent,too,especiallybetweenEastandWestcultures.Westerncultureischaracterizedbylogicalthinkingandanalysiswhiletheorientalisintuitivelyholisticthinking,atypicalChineseculture.Livinginthisculture,Chinesepeopleattachgreatimportancetothingswithintuitivefeeling,whichresultincognition,perceptionandexperience.Andfollowingthisexperienceandfeeling,Chinesepeopleoften“measureanotherman'
sfootbyone'
sownlast."
Suchmodeofthinking,whichconstitutestheircoreofknowledgeandcommunication,hasanobviousgeneralityandvagueness.Thisthinkingmode,intime,developsamentalsetwhichcanbeinterpretedastheprocessofperceptionandidentificationofthingsoutside.Inessence,thementalsetistoogeneralized.Weusuallyignoretheindividualdifferencesandexaggeratethecognitiveadditionofasocialgroup.Frequentlythissetisemotionallyaccompaniedbyafixedcreed.Itwillaffectthecross-culturalcommunicationdirectlyandresultincommunicationfailurebecauseourpredictionofthebehaviorisbasedonafixedviewoftheirculture.
1.3.ThinkingModesandCross-culturalCommunication
SincetheexistenceofdifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternthinkingmodes,barriersincross-culturalcommunicationoftenoccur.Thisinvolvesnotonlyspelling,grammar,vocabularyandsoonbutalsopragmaticfailureandculturalcollision.
1.3.1.Pragmaticfailure
Pragmaticfailuredoesnotmeanthemisapplicationthatappearsinthegeneralwordingofsentences,butmalaproposmistakeofspeaking,orwrongwayofexpressionandunidiomaticexpressions.Theerrorswillmakecommunicationcannotachievetheexpectantresults.Thomas(1983)dividedcross-culturalcommunicationfailuresintopragmaticfailureandsocialusagefailure.Pragmaticlanguageexpressionincludesidiomsmistakes,errorsintheformsofaddress,greetingblunders;
socialpragmaticfailureincludesdifferencesincustoms,differencesofsenseofworthandmistakeswhichresultfromuniqueculturalfactors.
1.3.2.Culturalcollision
Culturalcollisionspeciallyreferstopeoplefromacultureinteractwithotherpeople
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