艺考生课程阅读 第六十二讲 阅读.docx
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艺考生课程阅读 第六十二讲 阅读.docx
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艺考生课程阅读第六十二讲阅读
2015年学大教育艺考生课程——阅读第六十二讲
议论说明文解题方法与技巧
适用学科
英语
适用年级
高三
适用区域
通用
课时时长(分钟)
60
知识点
议论说理类阅读
理解主旨和要义
理解文中具体信息
根据上下文推断生词的词义
作出判断和推理
理解作者的意图、观点和态度
教学目标
知识:
了解议论说明文特点
方法:
掌握议论说明文解题方法与步骤
能力:
提高英文阅读理解能力
教学重点
议论说明文解题步骤
教学难点
议论说明文中心主旨的捕捉
教学过程
一、课堂导入
Humanshaveaveryvarieddiet.Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitisgoodforus.IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain,peopleeatfoodswithtoomuchsugar.Thismakesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimalproducts,suchasbutter,canalsobebadforthehealth.Choosingtherightfood,therefore,hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodernlife.
说出该段说明什么问题?
二、复习预习
1.故事传记文的特点是什么?
2.故事传记文的解题步骤是什么?
3.平时做阅读理解时,遇到议论说明文,如何处理?
三、知识讲解
知识点1
议论说明文概述:
议论说明文是用于说明结论,陈述新老观点,解释现象,分析回答问题以及列举事物优缺点的一类文章。
知识点2
议论说明文主要考查类型:
1.新发现与新生事物
2.社会现象与活动
3.新闻报道
4.人生哲理
5.本质分析
6.重要性分析
7.问题解决
8.发展过程
知识点3
议论说明文特点:
1.中文提示较多;
2.生词较多;
3.个别句子较长。
知识点4
议论说明文常用解题方法:
1.定位对照法:
先阅读题干,然后根据问题的要求,按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位,阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息。
再将原文和选项进行比较。
当问题与原文材料相同的时候,对号入座;如果问题与原文不同.则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。
2.选项分析法:
根据题干中的关键词,找准相关句、段的内容。
再仔细对照,排除于文章内容不一致的错误信息,从而确定选项。
3.中心精确捕捉法:
根据议论文特点对文章中心段或句进行精准分析。
知识点5
议论说明文总体解题步骤(A):
1.读开头段,把握中心(中心明确);
2.解“主旨题”以及“主旨相关题”;
3.解“细节题”(先定段,后定句)。
议论说明文总体解题步骤(B):
1.读开头段,把握中心(中心不明确);
2.解“细节题”(先定段,后定句);
3.解“主旨题”以及“主旨相关题”。
知识点6
议论说明文注意事项:
1.不必通读全文,不必千方百计理解文章所有语句;
2.必须首先读好开头与结尾段,快速准确找出文章中心主旨;
3.注意并充分利用文章中所给出的中文提示词。
四、例题精析
【例题1】
Whyplaygames?
Becausetheyarefun,anda1otmorebesides.Followingtherules…planningyournextmove...actingasateammember…theseareall“game”ideasthatyouwillcomeacrossthroughoutyourlife.
Thinkaboutsomeofthegamesyouplayedasayoungchild,suchasrope-jumpingandhide-and-seek.Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating(合作).
Manychildren’sgameshaveapracticalsideChildrenaroundtheworldplaygamesthatpreparethemforworktheywilldoasgrown-ups.Forinstance,someSaudiArabianchildrenplayagamecalledbones.Whichsharpensthehand-eyecoordination(协调)neededinhunting.
Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympicGames,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicwincanmeansomuch.
Sportsarealsoaneventthatunitespeople.Socceristhemostpopularsportintheworld.Peopleonallcontinentsplayit—someforfunandsomeforaliving.NicoletteIribarne,aCaliforniansoccerplayer,hasdiscoveredawaytospreadhopethroughsoccer.Hecreatedafoundationtoprovidepoorchildrenwithnotonlysoccerballsbutalsoapromisingfuture.
Nexttimeyouplayyourfavoritegameorsport,thinkaboutwhyyouenjoyit,whatskillsareneeded,andwhethertheseskillswillhelpyouinotheraspectsofyourlife.
1.Throughplayinghide-and-seek,childrenareexpectedtolearnto_______.
A.beateamleaderB.obeythebasicrules
C.actasagrown-upD.predictpossibledanger
【答案】B
【解析】考查事实细节题。
根据文章第二段中“Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating(合作).”可知B项正确。
2.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mostprobablymeansthatgamescan_______.
A.describelifeinanexcitingway
B.turnreal-lifeexperiencesintoaplay
C.makelearninglifeskillsmoreinteresting
D.changepeople’sviewsofsportingevents
【答案】C
【解析】考查词义句义题。
这部分前面的谓语动词是“translate”有“翻译,解释,转移,调动”的意思,该部分后面有一个定语从句,前后结合就可以理解这部分的意思了。
3.Accordingtothepassage,whyiswinningOlympicmedalssoencouraging?
A.Itinspirespeople’sdeeploveforthecountry.
B.Itprovestheexceptionalskillsofthewinners.
C.Ithelpsthecountryoutofnaturaldisasters.
D.Itearnsthewinnersfameandfortune.
【答案】A
【解析】考查事实细节题。
根据文章第四段中的“Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.”可知A项正确。
4.Iribarne’sgoalofformingthefoundationisto_______.
A.bringfuntopoorkids
B.providesoccerballsforchildren
C.givepoorkidsachanceforabetterlife
D.appealtosoccerplayerstohelppoorkids
【答案】C
【解析】考查事实细节题。
根据文章倒数第二段中“Hecreatedafoundationtoprovidepoorchildrenwithnotonlysoccerballsbutalsoapromisingfuture.”可推出C项是正确的。
5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Gamedbenefitpeoplealltheirlives.
B.Sportscangetallathletestogether.
C.Peopleareadvisedtoplaygamesforfun.
D.Sportsincreaseacountry’scompetitiveness.
【答案】A
【解析】考查推理判断题。
整段分析做游戏的好处,不仅儿童、成人也可以玩游戏。
由此可以推断有些对人终身有益。
【例题2】
Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.
Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.Inmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboard.
Toomuchpackagingisdoingseriousdamagetotheenvironment.TheUK,forexample,isrunningoutofitforcarryingthisunnecessarywaste.Ifsuchpackagingisburnt,itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps,buttheprocessitselfusesenergy.Thesolutionisnottoproducesuchitemsinthefirstplace.Foodwasteisaseriousproblem,too.Toomanysupermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.However,afewofthemarecomingroundtotheideathatthiscannotcontinue,encouragingcustomerstoreusetheirplasticbags,forexample.
Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackagingwithquality.Wehavelearnedtothinkthatsomethingunpackagedisofpoorquality.Thisisespeciallytrueoffood.Butisalsoappliestoawiderangeofconsumerproducts,whichoftenhavefarmorepackagingthannecessary.
Therearesignsofhope.Asmoreofusrecycle,wearebeginningtorealisejusthowmuchunnecessarymaterialarecollecting.Weneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture,butwehaveamountaintoclimb.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“over-consumption”referto?
A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.
B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.
C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.
D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.
【答案】D
【解析】考查词义猜测题。
根据文中的“Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.”可知划线部分意义应为“过度消费”,所以D项意义正确。
2.TheauthorusesfiguresinParagraph2toshow_______.
A.thetendencyofcuttinghouseholdwaste
B.theincreaseofpackagingrecycling
C.therapidgrowthofsupermarkets
D.thefactofpackagingoveruse
【答案】D
【解析】考查中心主旨题。
根据作者在文中使用的数字可知,作者使用数字的目的是为了让读者清楚地理解过度包装的现实问题,所以D项正确。
3.Accordingtothetext,recycling_______.
A.helpscontrolthegreenhouseeffect
B.meansburningpackagingforenergy
C.isthesolutiontogasshortage
D.leadstoawasteofland
【答案】A
【解析】考查事实细节题。
根据“Ifsuchpackagingisburnt,itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps,buttheprocessitselfusesenergy.”可知A项正确。
4.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?
A.Unpackagedproductsareofbadquality.
B.Supermarketscaremoreaboutpackaging.
C.Itisimpropertojudgequalitybypackaging.
D.Otherproductsarebetterpackagedthanfood.
【答案】C
【解析】考查推理判断题。
第四段讲述了人们对于包装不好的物品的固有认识,即:
人们普遍认为包装不好的物品质量肯定差,所以C项应为正确答案。
5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A.Fightingwastefulnessisdifficult.
B.Needlessmaterialismostlyrecycled.
C.Peoplelikecollectingrecyclablewaste.
D.Theauthorisproudoftheirconsumerculture.
【答案】A
【解析】考查推理判断题。
文章讲述了人们对于过度包装的危害的认识及人们应有的积极态度,所以最后一段给我们带来了希望,但是最后一句“wehaveamountaintoclimb.”提示我们事情不会一蹴而就,所以A项正确。
【例题3】
Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.
Certainmicroorganisms(微生物)causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Bacteriaandothermicroorganismscanpoisoneggs,meat,vegetables,andmanyotherfoods.Afterenteringthebody,thesetinylivingthingsrelease(释放)poisonsthatmakepeoplesick.W_ww.k*s*5u.c@om
Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.Theyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrown,processed,orprepared.Forexample,manyfarmersspraychemicalsoncropstokillweedsandinsects.Somepeoplemayhaveabadreactiontothosechemicalswhentheyeatthecrops.
Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.Theseincludecertainkindsofseafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,andmushrooms.
Whenpeoplehandlefoodproperly,theriskoffoodpoisoning
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