高中英语定语从句深入学习和全面复习讲解和习题加答案.docx
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高中英语定语从句深入学习和全面复习讲解和习题加答案.docx
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高中英语定语从句深入学习和全面复习讲解和习题加答案
英语学科优化学案:
定语从句
考点:
阅读理解会直接重点考察定语从句,填空和改错题也极有可能涉及,作文能写出定语从句那是极佳的加分点。
1.考点实例:
16年海南中考阅读题C篇:
Maybehefoundmestrange,theonlypersoninthishousewhodidnotlikehim.
题目62.Thesisterusedtobetheonlypersoninthehousewho________.
A.didn’tlikethebabyB.followedthebabyaroundC.oftentalkedtothebaby
16年海南高考阅读题B篇:
Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.
题目27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4mean?
A.MistakeB.DrawbackC.DifficultyD.Burden
15年海南高考阅读题C篇:
Studentswhotakeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.Studentswhotakeagapyearareoftenmorematureandresponsible
题目30.AccordingtoTonyHiggins,studentstakingagapyear______.
A.arcbetterpreparedforcollegestudies
B.knowalotmoreabouttheirfuturejobs
C.aremorelikelytoleaveuniversityindebt
D.haveabetterchancetoentertopuniversities
14年海南高考阅读题A篇:
Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(垃圾桶)thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.
Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.
题目.Thegirl’sparentsgotRashid’sphonenumberfrom_______.
A.afriendofhisfamily
B.aSydneypoliceman
C.aletterinhispapers
D.astrangerinSydney
答案:
ABAC
2.定语是什么?
Theyellowcarinthestreetismine.这辆在大街上的黄色的轿车是我的。
ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.树底下那个女孩是Kate。
Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
你想要些喝的东西吗?
1.中文的定语始终在名词前。
2.英文的定语有后置的。
3.定语就是限定名词代词,类似adj.,在语句中称定语,在词语中称形容词。
4.定语只是对名词特点的限定,并没有解释名词。
3.定语从句是什么?
Sheisapoorgirl.划线部分是定语
1.Sheisapoorgirlwhosellsmatchesforalivinginthestreet.划线部分是定语从句
2.定语从句的常见模板:
先行词+引导词+主+谓+宾
2.Ilikeyouwhohaveashorthair.
3.Ihaveafriendthathasaball.
4.Loveisawonderfulfeelingwhichtakesourbreathaway.
5.IadmiretheherowhomIsawinthemovie.
6.ThereisabeautifulgirlwhosenameisXiaoWei.
7.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
8.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
9.Thehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
10.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
11.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
12.如何判定定语从句
方法1:
能翻译成。
。
。
的先行词
方法2:
先行词等于关系词(引导词)
4.定语从句中的(关系词)引导词分类
1.定语从句缺主语、宾语、表语和定语时用关系词中的关系代词。
2.定语从句缺状语时用关系词中的关系副词。
3.某些情况下可以省略引导词,但我们初学就不要省略。
3.当who做主语时,定语从句用who开头。
当who做宾语时,并且没有介词提前,这时可以用who也可以用whom。
4.
Italkedwiththeperson.
Thepersonwasmyteacher.
当who做宾语时,并且定语从句有介词提前,比如
Thepersonwith()Italkedwasmyteacher。
这时只能用whom,因为with是介词,这是介宾短语,只能用宾格形式。
4.介词一旦前置,则关系代词要用宾格(原来是that的要改为which,原来用who的改为whom.)
5.Doyouseethehousewindowsareallbroken?
答案:
whose/ofwhich
解析:
whosewindows=thewindowsofwhich=ofwhichthewindows
五.实例演练
Doyouknowthegirlistalkingwithourteacher?
答案:
who/that
Thehousewindowwasbrokenisneartheschool.
答案:
whose/ofwhich
ThemovieIsawyesterdayisfantastic.
答案:
which/that
ThemanT-shirtisredismyneighbor.
答案:
whose
IwillneverforgetthedayTuYouyou,agreatscientist,cametoouruniversityandgaveusaspeech.
答案:
when
翻译:
我愿变成你爱的那个天使。
答案:
Iamwillingtobetheangelthat/who/whomyoulove.
我所能想对你说的全部就只是一句:
好久不见
答案:
AllIwanttotellyouisthat-longtimenosee.
Ihavefoundthebookinwhich/thenamesofalltheearlysatellitesarementioned.
答案:
where
Theearthonwhich/weliveisaplanet.
答案:
where
I’llneverforgetthedayonwhich/IjoinedtheLeague/society.
答案:
when
Isthereanyreasonforwhich/youshouldhaveaholiday?
答案:
why
解析:
先找出句子中的动词,以动词为中心判断主从句,接着找出先行词是人/物,再根据定语从句缺的成分是定语、表语、主语、宾语还是状语来选择引导词。
六.定语从句限制性和非限制性的区别
、
1.限制性定语从句是对名词特点的限定;非限制性定语从句是对名词的补充说明,而且有逗号隔开主从句。
理解PK:
Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastweek.
Thehouse,whichweboughtlastweek,isverymodern.
翻译:
这是我们上周买的房子。
翻译:
这房子很现代,这是我们上周买的
2.翻译方式:
限制性定语从句翻译成......的先行词;非限制性定语从句翻译成并列句
Heneverwearsclotheswhichmakehimlookdifferent.
Heneverwearsclothes,whichmakeshimlookdifferent.
翻译:
他从不穿使他看起来不一样的衣服
翻译:
他从不穿衣服,这使他看起来不一样
3.As/which引导的非限制性定语从句:
先行词为整个句子时用。
Youdrovetoofast,whichwasverydangerous.
Asisknowntoall,drivingtoofastisdangerous.
翻译:
众所周知,开车太快很危险
Hecamebacklate,meanshemissedtheTVshow.
答案:
which
七.定语从句和同位语从句的区别
7.1同位语
Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.
YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother’s.
同位语就是解释前面的名词,等号成立!
一定会告诉你前面名词的内容
7.2同位语从句
Mygrandfathertoldmeawell-knowsayingthatwelearnfortheriseofChina.
saying=welearnfortheriseofChina
WeallknowtheterriblenewsthattheterroristsattackedFrance
news=theterroristsattackedFrance
同位语从句就是用一个叫句子补充说明与其同位的名词,如:
conclusion/decision/idea/problem
7.3理解PK
ThenewsthatIheardyesterdayistrue.
A=BC
Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.
A=C
1.同位语:
补充说明解释——定语:
修辞装饰修饰
修饰名词的成分:
同位语(从句)>定语(限制性定语从句)>非限制性定语从句
2.对人体起作用的程度:
大脑心脏>眼睛耳朵>皮毛
3.定语一定不会告诉你先行词是什么,同位语一定会告诉你名词是什么!
4.翻译:
Therumorspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.
答案:
一所新学校将被建立在这里的谣言传播开了。
Thevillagehasdevelopedalotwherewelearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.
答案:
我们两年前学习农作的村庄已经发展了很多。
*特别注意
1.as用于限制性定语从句时,先行词前面必须被such/so/as/thesame所修饰才行。
Iboughtthesamecarasyouboughtlastweek.
2.定从的世界里没有what和how!
1.whose:
“ta的”/“ta们的”
例:
【2013福建】Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose______liveswereaffected.
A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which
【2005天津】Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.
A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what
【2006福建】Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.
A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that
【2009天津】Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.
A.whoB.whom
C.whoseD.whoever
答案:
ABAC
2.as:
“正如”
【2004北京】______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
【2004江苏】______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.
A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As
答案:
BD
▪Asisknowntoall,…正如我们都知道的,…
▪Ashasbeensaidbefore,…正如先前说过的,…
▪Asisshowninthepicture,…正如图画中展示的那样
▪Asoftenhappens,…正如经常发生的,…
注:
as的“先行词”是整个主句
as从句中常用被动
as引导的定从可置于主句之前
3.which:
“这件事”
【2013天津】Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,______isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what
【2005浙江】Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.
A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it
答案:
BA
解析:
which的“先行词”也可以是整个主句
【2007浙江】Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,______usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where
【2011浙江】Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof______usesitdifferently.
A.whichB.whatC.themD.those
答案:
BA
解析:
which的“先行词”也可以是某个名词
4.that:
“人物绝不避人物”
人:
that可以指代人
物:
that可以指代物
绝:
当先行词表“绝对”意义时,用that
不:
当先行词是“不定代词”时,用that
避:
如果句子里已经用了who/which,为避免重复,可以用that
人物:
当先行词“即有人又有物”时,用that
5.不能用that的情况
▪逗号后
▪介词后
二、定从解题技巧
▪Step1:
定从的世界里没有what和how
▪Step2:
如果有as和whose,则优先考虑as和whose
▪Step3:
如果从句不完整,填关代,此时“逗号或介词后”不用that,其他情况用that;
如果从句完整,填关副,此时“非时间即地点”——只要先行词不是时间,不管是不是地点,都看做地点。
【2013湖南】Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose______aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.
A.whomB.who
C.whatD.which
【江西模拟】Theincreasedmonthlypaywillbenefitmorethan23millionmigrantworkers,______arecurrentlyemployedinGuangdongProvince..
A.whereB.when
C.whichD.who
【2013山东】Finallyhereachedalonelyisland______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.
A.whenB.where
C.whichD.whom
【2010全国Ⅱ】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething______wassomeoneelse’sfault.
A.whoB.that
C.asD.what
Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames______Ihaveeverseen.
A.whereB.that
C.whatD.which
【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.
A.thatB.where
C.whichD.whose
【2011湖南】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof______shespokefluently.
A.whoB.whom
C.whichD.that
【2011全国II】TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,______isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.
A.thisB.that
C.whatD.which
答案:
BDCBBBCD
3、“介词+关代”
选择介词时一定要和先行词连在一起。
Thegirlwithwhomyouwilldanceismygirlfriend.
【2009陕西】Guncontrolisasubject____Americanshavearguedforalongtime.
A.ofwhichB.withwhich
C.aboutwhichD.intowhich
【2004全国I】Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,______thesailingtimewas226days.
A.ofwhichB.duringwhich
C.fromwhichD.forwhich
【2004全国】Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,______fivearemine.
A.onwhichB.inwhich
C.ofwhichD.fromwhich
【2012湖南】Careofthesoulisagradualprocess______eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.
A.whatB.inwhat
C.whichD.inwhich
【2006福建】Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.
A.whoseB.which
C.ofwhichD.that
答案:
CACDA
解析:
argueaboutsth.withsb.与某人争论某事。
四、定从的翻译
(一)在汉语中,用“动词+的”修饰名词时,英语中用定语从句
·李辉是个教英语的老师。
LiHuiisateacherwhoteachesEnglish.
·Step1:
将“定语从句部分”置于先行词之后
·Step2:
加上相应的关系词
从句缺名词用关代,不缺名词用关副
▪那是我想要的书。
Thatisthebookthat/whichIwant.
注意:
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略
▪我很高兴收到了期待已久的邀请函。
Iamglad/happy/delightedtoreceivetheinvitationthat/whichIhavebeenlookingforwardto.
▪告诉我们你知道的一切。
Tellusallthatyouknow.
▪他就是我昨天见到的那个人。
Heisthepersonthat/who/whomImetyesterday
▪这就是我喜欢这个想法的原因。
ThisisthereasonwhyIlikethisidea.
▪我最喜欢的书是
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