精选情态动词宾语从句.docx
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精选情态动词宾语从句.docx
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精选情态动词宾语从句
情态动词;
主要是mustI和mayI的否定回答
——mustI…….
No,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto
——mayI….
No,youmustn’t
宾语从句
用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。
现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:
一,引导词
A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。
例:
Itoldhimthathewaswrong.
l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
例:
Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
例:
Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。
例:
Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.
Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例:
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。
l宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.
例:
Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例:
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。
连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。
例:
Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?
(which做定语)
Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)
二,宾语从句的语序,
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例:
Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.
HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.
Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.
二,宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,
既:
主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.
Shesaidthatshewasastudent.
2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.
ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.
3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.
Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.
4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.
ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例:
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.
lCouldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
例:
CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHisturyMuseum?
注意事项:
u由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化。
例:
Shesaid:
“IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.”
ShesaidthatshehadbeentoEnglandbefore.
Sheaskedme:
“Doyoulikemaths?
”
SheaskedmeifIlikedmaths.
u宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式
”做宾语的简单句结构。
例:
Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.
Icon’tknowwhattodonext.
Hedidn’tknowwherehewouldlive.
Hedidn’tknowwheretolive.
1)陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren'tI.
I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?
2)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语。
Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?
3)陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?
Someplantsneverblown(开花),dothey?
4)含有oughtto的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。
Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn'the?
/shouldn'the?
5)陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.),疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语)。
Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?
6)陈述部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。
Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?
/usedn'the?
7)陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn'tyou?
You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?
8)陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。
Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?
9)陈述部分有You'dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。
You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?
10)陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?
YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven'tyou?
/didn'tyou?
Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the?
11)感叹句中,疑问部分用be+主语。
Whatcolours,aren'tthey?
Whatasmell,isn'tit?
12)陈述部分由neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?
13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。
Everythingisready,isn'tit?
14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,heshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldn'the?
b.带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?
HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn'the?
c.上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?
Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can'tshe?
15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey?
(doeshe?
)
Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?
(doeshe?
)
16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。
Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?
Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?
当dare,need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语。
Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?
17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou。
Don'tdothatagain,willyou?
Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou?
注意:
Let's开头的祈使句,后用shallwe?
Letus开头的祈使句,后用willyou?
Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?
Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?
18)陈述部分是"therebe"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?
Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?
19)否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
Itisimpossible,isn'tit?
Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?
20)must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
Hemustbetherenow,isn'the?
Itmustbegoingtoraintomorrow,won'tit?
快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语疑问部分
Iaren'tI
Wishmay+主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词肯定含义
oughtto(肯定的)shouldn't/oughtn't+主语
haveto+v.(hadto+v.)don't+主语(didn't+主语)
usedtodidn't+主语或usedn't+主语
hadbetter+v.hadn'tyou
wouldrather+v.wouldn't+主语
you'dliketo+v.wouldn't+主语
must根据实际情况而定
感叹句中be+主语
Neither…nor,either…or根据其实际逻辑意义而定
指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this主语用it
并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone复数they,单数he
情态动词dare或needneed(dare)+主语
dare,need为实义动词do+主语
省去主语的祈使句willyou?
Let's开头的祈使句Shallwe?
Letus开头的祈使句Willyou?
therebe相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式
回答:
反意疑问句是在陈述句后边加上一个简短问句,对陈述句所叙述的内容提出相反的疑问,这种句子就叫作反意疑问句。
反意疑问句可以表示真实的疑问,也可以表示提问人的倾向、强调或反问。
如果陈述句是肯定句时,后边的反意疑问句通常要用否定式;反之,如果陈述句是否定句时,后边的反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。
陈述句和后边的反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。
例如:
HespeaksEnglish,doesn'the?
Marywon'tdoit,willshe?
Liescannotcoverupthefacts,canthey?
回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句一样,肯定回答用"Yes,+肯定结构";否定回答用"No,+否定结构"。
这与汉语习惯有所不同。
例如:
-He'sadoctor,isn'the?
他是医生,对吧?
-Yes,heis.对,他是医生。
(No,heisn't.不,他不是医生。
)
-Heisn'tadoctor,ishe?
他不是医生,对吧?
-Yes,heis.不,他是医生。
(No,heisn't.对,他不是医生。
)
阅读理解;
ThisisatalkbyaLondontaxi(出租车)driver.
"I'vebeenataxidriverfornearlytenyears.MostLondontaxidrivershavetheirowntaxis."
"It'sanicejobmostoftime.youmeetalotofpeople.Ialwaysworkatnight,becausethereistoomuchtrafficduringtheday.Ilivetwentymiles(英里)outsideLondonandIgotoworkat5:
30intheafternoon."
"Iusuallygohomebetween2and3inthemorning."
"Someverystrangethingshappenedlateatnight.TheotherdayIwastakingawomanhomefromaparty.Shehadherlittledogwithher.Whenwegottoherhouse,shefoundthatshehadlostherkey.SoIwaitedinthecarwiththedogwhilesheclimbedinthroughthewindows."
"Iwaitedandwaited.AfterhalfanhourofringingthebellIdecidedtofindoutwhatwasgoingon.Itiedthedogtoatreeandstartedtoclimbinthroughthewindow.ThenextthingIknewwasthatthepolicecame.TheythoughtIwasathief(小偷).
Luckilythewomancamedownstairs(下楼).Shemusthavegonetosleepandforgottenaboutmeandthedog!
"
1.Thedriveralwaysworkedatnightbecauseitwaseasierto_____.
A.driveB.makemoneyC.climbinthroughthewindow
D.meetalotofpeople
2.Thewomanclimbedinthroughthewindowbecause_____.
A.shewantedtohaveasleep
B.herhusbanddidn'topenthedoorforher
C.shedidn'twanttopaythedriver
D.shecouldn'tfindherkey
3.Thestoryhappened_____.
A.earlyinthemorningB.lateatnight
C.20milesoutsideLondonD.nearthepolicestation
4.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.Thedriverworkeduntilbetween2and3inthemorning.
B.Thepolicemadeamistake.
C.Thewomanhadnomoneytopaythedriver.
D.Thewomanhadforgottenaboutthedriverandthedog.
5.Thedriverclimbedinth
A.earlyinthemorningB.lateatnight
C.20milesoutsideLondonD.nearthepolicestation
4.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.Thedriverworkeduntilbetween2and3inthemorning.
B.Thepolicemadeamistake.
C.Thewomanhadnomoneytopaythedriver.
D.Thewomanhadforgottenaboutthedriverandthedog.
5.Thedriverclimbedinthroughthewindowto
A.getmoneyfromthewoman
B.returnthedogtothewoman
C.seewhatwashappeninginthehouse
D.phonethepolice
KEY:
1-5ADBCC
TherearefiftystatesintheUnitedStates.ThelargestinpopulationisCalifornia,thelargestinareaisAlaska.AlaskaisthesmallestinpopulationandRhodeIslandisthesmallestinsize.TheoldeststatesaretheonesalongtheAtlanticcoast.TheneweststatesareAlaskaandHawaii.Alaskaisalsothecoldeststate.CaliforniaandFloridaarethewarmer.HenryandhisfamilyliveinSeattle,abigcity,onthePacificcoast.ButLosAngelesandSanFrancisco,alsoonthePacificcoast,arelargerthanSeattle.Henry'scousin,Susan,livesinNewYork.ItisthelargestcityintheUnitedStates.ThousandsofpeoplevisitNewYorkeachyear.ThemostimportantcityintheUnitedStatesisWashing
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