天安门中英文导游词.docx
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天安门中英文导游词.docx
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天安门中英文导游词
北京天安门中英文导游词
Tian’anmenRostrum
Tian’anmen(theGateofHeavenlyPeace,islocatedinthecenterofBeijing.Itwasfirstbuiltin1417andnamedChengtianmen(theGateofHeavenlySuccession.AttheendoftheMingDynasty,itwasseriouslydamagedbywar.WhenitwasrebuiltundertheQingin1651,itwasrenamedTian’anmen,andservedasthemainentrancetotheImperialCity,theadministrativeandresidentialquartersforcourtofficialsandretainers.ThesouthernsectionsoftheImperialCitywallstillstandonbothsidesoftheGate.Thetoweratthetopofthegateisnine-roomwideandfive–roomdeep.AccordingtotheBookofChanges,thetwonumbersnineandfive,whencombined,symbolizethesupremestatusofasovereign.
DuringtheMingandQingdynasties,Tian’anmenwastheplacewherestateceremoniestookplace.Themostimportantoneofthemwastheissuingofimperialedicts,whichfollowedthesesteps:
1TheMinisterofRiteswouldreceivetheedictinTaihedian(HallofSupremeHarmony,wheretheEmperorwasholdinghiscourt.Theministerwouldthencarrythedecreeonayunpan(trayofcloud,andwithdrawfromthehallviaTaihemen(GateofsupremeHarmony
2TheMinisterwouldputthetrayinaminiaturelongting(dragonpavilion.BeneathayellowumbrellaandcarryitviaWumen(MeridianGate,toTian’anmenGatetower.
3Acourtierwouldbeinvestedtoproclaimtheedict.Thecivilandmilitaryofficialsliningbothsidesofthegatewaybeneaththetowerwouldprostratethemselvesinthedirectionoftheemperorinwaitingforthedecreetotheproclaimed.
4Thecourtierwouldthenputtheedictinaphoenix-shapedwoodenboxandloweritfromthetowerbymeansofasilkcord.ThedocumentwouldfinallybecarriedinasimilartrayofcloudunderayellowumbrellatotheMinistryofRites.
5Theedict,copiedonyellowpaper,wouldbemadeknowntothewholecountry.
Suchaprocesswashistoricallyrecordedas“ImperialEdictIssuedbyGoldenPhoenix”.DuringtheMingandQingdynastiesTian’anmenwasthemostimportantpassage.ItwasthisgatethattheEmperorandhisretinuewouldgothroughontheirwaytothealtarsforritualandreligiousactivities.
OntheWestsideofTian’anmenstandsZhongshanPark(Dr.SunYat-sen’sPark,andontheeastside,theWorkingPeople’sCulturalPalave.TheParkwasformerlycalledShejitan(AltarofLandandGrain,builtin1420forofferingsacrificialitemstotheGodofLand.Itwasopenedtothepublicasaparkin1914anditsnamewaschangedin1928tothepresentoneinmemoryofthegreatpioneeroftheChineseDemocraticRevolution.
TheWorkingPeople’sCulturalPalaceusedtobeTaimiao(theSupremeAncestralTemple,wheretabletsofthedeceaseddynasticrulerswerekept.
ThestreaminfrontofTian’anmeniscalledWaijinshuihe(OuterGoldenRiver,withsevenmarblebridgesspanningoverit.Ofthesesevenbridges,historicalrecordssaythemiddleonewasfortheexclusiveuseoftheemperorandwasaccordinglycalledYuluqiao(ImperialBridge.ThebridgesflankingitoneithersideweremeantforthemembersoftheroyalfamilyandwerethereforecalledWanggongqiao(Royal’sBridges.FartherawayoneachsideofthetwowerebridgesforofficialsrankingabovethethirdorderandwerenamedPinjiqiao(ministerialBridges.Theremainingtwobridgeswerefortheusebytheretinuebelowthethirdorderandwrecalled
Gongshengqiao(commonBridges.TheyanrtheoneinfrontoftheSupremeAncestralTempletotheeastandtheoneinfrontoftheAltaroflandandGraintothewest.
ThetwostonelionsbytheGateofTian’anmen,oneoneachsideweremeantassentries.Theygazetowardthemiddleaxis,guardingtheemperor’swalkway.InfrontofthegatestandsapairofmarblecolumnscalledHuabiao.Theyareelaboratelycutinbas-relieffollowingthepatternofalegendarydragon.Behindthegatestandsanotherpairofsimilarcolumns.ThestoryofHuabiaomaybetracedtoacoupleofsources.OneoftheversionsaccreditsitsinventiontooneoftheChinesesagekingsnamedYao,whowassaidtohavesetupawoodenpillarinordertoallowtheordinarypeopletoexposeevil-doers,henceitwasoriginallycalledaslanderpillar.Lateritwsreducedtoasignpost,andnowitservesasanornament.
Thebeastsittingonthetopofthecolumniscalled”hou”,alegendaryanimal,whichissaidtohavebeenawatcherofanemperor’sbehaviour.Hewasdoingsuchdutiesaswarningtheemperoragainststayingtoolongoutsidethepalaceorindulginginpleasureandurginghimtogotothepeoplefortheircomplaintsorreturninduetime.Therefore,thetwopairsofbeastsweregiventhenames”Wangjunhui”(Expectingtheemperor’scomingbackand“wangjunchu”(Expectingtheemperor’sgoingoutrespectinvely.
Intheolddays,Tian’anmen,asapartoftheImperialCity,wasmeantforimportantoccasions.Thetworowsofchaofang(antechamber,onthesidesbehindthemaingate,wrereservedforcivilandmilitarymembersofthegovernmentwaitingforimperialaudienceandinfrontofthegate,wereofficesofimperialadministration.
OnOctober1,1949,chairmanMaoZedongproclaimedonTian’anmenRostrumthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.SincethenTian’anmenhasbeenthesymbolofNewChine\a.ChairmanMao’sportraitishungabovethecentralentrance,flankedbytwoslogans:
”LongLivetheGreatUnityofthePeoplesoftheWorld”.Today,thesplendourofTian’anmenattractsmillionofvisitorsfromallovertheworld.TheRostrumonitstopwasopenedin1988tothepublicforthefirsttimeinitshistory.ItoffersapanoramicviewoftheSquareandthecityproper.Tian’anmenSquare
SituatedduesouthofTian’anmen,theSquarehasanareaof44hectares(109acresthatcanaccommodateasmanyasonemillionpeopleforpublicgatherings.IthaswitnessedmayhistoricaleventsinChina’smodernhistoryandisaplaceforcelebrationsonsuchfestivedaysasinternationalLabourDayonMay1standnationalDayonOctober1st.
AroundtheSquareareseveralfamousbuildings:
1TheGreatHallofthePeople
Thisisoneofthelargestcongressionalbuildingsintheworld.Builtin1959,thehallconsistsofthreeparts:
a10,000-seatauditoriuminthecenter,abanquethallinthenorthwingfacingChang’anStreet,withaseatingcapacityof5,000,andofficesfortheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeoples’CongressofChinainthesouth.Inaddition,thirty-fourreceptionchambersarenamedaftervariousprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundetheCentralGovernment,plusHongKongandMacao.Eachisdifferentfromtheotherindecorationandfurnishingstostresstheirlocalfeatures.
2TheMuseumofChineseHistoryandtheMuseumoftheChineseRevolution
Thesetwomuseumswerealsobuiltin1959.themuseumofChineseHistoryhousesapermanentexhibitioninfourparts,coveringtheentireprocessofChinesehistoryspanningfrom1.7millionyearsagoto1919:
1ThePrimitiveSociety(1.7millionyearsagotothe21stcenturyBC;
2TheSlaveSociety(21stcenturyBCto476BC.;
3TheFeudalSociety(475BC.To1840AD.;
4TheSemi-ColonialandSemi-FedualSociety(1840to1919.
TheMuseumoftheChineseRevolutioncoverstheperiodfrom1919to1949.
3TheMonumenttothePeople’sHeroes
themonumentwasbuiltinmemoryofthousandsofmartyrswhodiedfortherevolutionarycauseoftheChinesepeople.ItsconstructionbeganonAugust1,1952andwasnotcompleteduntil1958.intheformofanobelisk,theMonumentasmadeofmorethan17,000piecesoftraniteandwhitemarble.ThepurplepieceinlaidinthefrontoftheMonumentwasbroughtfromQingdao,ShandongProvince.Itis38meters(124ft8inhigh,theloftiestofitskindeverseeninthecountry.Notonlyisitanhistoricmemorialforimmortalheroes,butalsoitisanartisticworkofexcellentarchitecturalvalue.
OnthefrontsideoftheMonumentisanengravedinscriptioninChinesecharacterswrittenbyChairmanMaoZedong,whichreads”EternalGlorytothePeople’sHeroes!
”.OnthebackoftheMonumentisanarticlewrittenbyChairmanMao,butinChinesecalligraphybythelatePremierZhouEnlai.
AtthetopoftheMonumentareeightgiganticcarvedwreathesofsuchflowersaspeony,lotusandchrysanthemum,symbolizingnobility,purity,andfortitude.AtthebaseofthemonumentareeightmarblereliefsdepictingtheChinesehistoriceventssince1840.Theyare:
1TheBurningofOpiumin1840:
2Theuprisingof1851inJintian,Guangxi;
3TheRevolutionof1911;
4TheMayFourthMovementof1919;
5TheMay30thMovementof1925;
6TheUprisingof1927inNanchang,Jiangxi;
7TheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggressionfrom1937to1945;
8TheVictoriousCrossingovertheYangtzeRiverbythePeoples’sLiberationArmyin1949.Thisreliefisflankedbytwosmallerones—“SupplyingtheFront”and“GreetingtheP.L.A.”.
4ChairmanMao’sMausoleum
ChairmanMaoZedong,thefounderofthePeople’sPepublicofChina,passedawayonSepember9,1976.Incommemorationofthisgreatman,amausoleumbegantobeconstructedinNovember1976,andwascompletesinAugustthefollowingyear.TheMausoleumwasofficiallyopenedonSeptember9,1977.
Themausoleumissurroundedbyfourgroupsofsculpture.EastofthenorthernentranceisthesculpturedepictingtheperiodoftheNewDemocraticRevolution(1919-1949,andwestofitistheonesignifyingthegreatachievementsoftheChinesepeopleduringtheperiodofslcialistrevolutionandconstructionsince1949.Thesculpturesinfrontofthesoutherngatearefiguresofworkers,peasantssoldiers,intellectuals,techniciansandchildren.
InsidetheMausoleumarethreemainsections:
AwhitemarblestatueofChairmanMaoismountedonapla
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