高考英语新课标地区大二轮阅读理解名师点津文章出处或读者对象题19页.docx
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高考英语新课标地区大二轮阅读理解名师点津文章出处或读者对象题19页.docx
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高考英语新课标地区大二轮阅读理解名师点津文章出处或读者对象题19页
2020高考英语新课标地区大二轮阅读理解名师点津
文章出处或读者对象题
(2019·全国Ⅲ,D)
Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.
AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.
Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:
Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.
Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.
Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:
Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.
“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,”DrLivingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey’redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。
哈佛医学院科学家MargaretLivingstone带领他的团队通过反复实验得出结论:
猴子能算算术,且它们对大数值的关注胜过小数值。
32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?
A.Theyfedthem.
B.Theynamedthem.
C.Theytrainedthem.
D.Theymeasuredthem.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段首句“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.”可知答案为C。
33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?
A.Bydrawingacircle.
B.Bytouchingascreen.
C.Bywatchingvideos.
D.Bymixingtwodrinks.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段末句“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.”可知答案为B。
34.WhatdidLivingstone’steamfindaboutthemonkeys?
A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.
B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.
C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.
D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第四段可知,研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现,猴子多半时候会选择更高的值,这表明它们是在进行计算,而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。
故选A。
35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?
A.Entertainment.B.Health.
C.Education.D.Science.
答案 D
解析 文章出处题。
根据全文可知,本文讲述了科学家们通过科学实验得出猴子能够算算术的结论。
由此可知,该文章可能出现在报纸的科学版上。
故选D。
一、题型解读
几乎所有话题都可能涉及文章出处、文章类别或读者对象题。
设问形式常有:
(1)Thispassagewouldprobably/mostlikelybefoundin.
(2)Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom/outof.
(3)Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?
(4)Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor.
(5)Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?
二、解题技巧——内容细节巧判断
1.利用内容判断文章出处
(1)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称→newspaper
(2)推销介绍新产品→advertisement
(3)文章中有clickhere等网络用语→website
(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍→travelguide
(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→magazine/journal/entertainmentsection
(6)科普知识→sciencereport
(7)文化教育类文章→educationsection
2.利用内容判断文章类别
(1)旅游景点方面的介绍:
travelguide
(2)新产品/新书/新影片/演出介绍:
advertisement
(3)活动介绍:
notice/announcement
(4)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称:
news
(5)科普知识/研究介绍:
sciencereport/studyreport
3.确定读者对象
先确定文章主题,再根据文章具体细节判断读者对象。
例如:
【真题感悟】中第35题,通读整篇文章可知,该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家MargaretLivingstone带领他的研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果。
这属于“科学研究”范畴,故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”板块。
故选D项。
A
(2019·湖北十堰模拟)
Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious,asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld.“Nomophobia”(无手机恐惧症)8affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek,researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfoundthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore,shareand1accesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones,wordssuchas“hurt”(neckpainwasoftenreported)and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia.
“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandget2attachedtothedevices,”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhen9separatedfromtheirphones.”Meanwhile,anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.
Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety?
ProfessorMarkGriffiths,psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity,saysitiswhatisonthephonethat4counts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout).
“WearetalkingaboutanInternetconnecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives,”saysGriffiths.“Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.”
11Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory,wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives,isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenagers”,itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.Iftheycan’tseewhat’shappeningonSnapchatorInstagram,theybecomepanicstrickenaboutnotknowingwhat’sgoingonsocially.“Buttheyadaptveryquicklyifyoutakethemonholidayandthere’snoInternet,”saysGriffiths.
语篇解读 本文为说明文。
当今社会的许多人成了手机控,只要手机不在身边就会出现无手机恐惧症,会感到焦虑不安,好像失去了与世界的联系。
这是因为人们把智能手机当作存储、分享和访问他人、与朋友联系的一种工具。
1.WhichofthefollowingmayDrKimKiJoonagreewith?
A.Wewastetoomuchtimeonphones.
B.Phoneshavebecomepartofsomeusers.
C.Addictiontophonesmakesmemoriessuffer.
D.Phonesandbloodpressurearecloselylinked.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据第一段第二、三、四句,第二段中的“usersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices”及最后一段第三句可知,现在的手机已成为许多人生活的一部分了,分析选项可知B项符合题意。
2.AccordingtoGriffiths,wegetnomophobiabecause.
A.weareaccustomedtohavingaphoneonus
B.weneedourphonestohelpusstoreinformation
C.weworrywemaymissoutwhatourfriendsaredoing
D.wefearwithoutphoneswewillrunintoalotoftrouble
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段最后一句中的“...itiswhatisonthephonethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout).”可知,社交网络让人们害怕错过朋友们发的东西,担心不知道朋友在做什么,分析选项可知C项正确。
3.Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage?
A.Inaresearchreport.
B.Inafashionbrochure.
C.Inasciencetextbook.
D.Inapopularsciencemagazine.
答案 D
解析 文章出处题。
本文主要叙述了当今社会的许多人已成为手机控及他们成为手机控的原因。
有的人只要手机不在身边就会出现无手机恐惧症,感到焦虑不安,好像失去了与世界的联系,这是因为智能手机是人们存储、分享和访问他人、与朋友联系的一种工具。
这种文章一般会出现在科普杂志上。
故选D项。
B
(2019·山东临沂质检)
Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips,yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.
VaticanMuseums:
VaticanCity
TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear,andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson,seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia,recommendschoosinga3skipthelinetour.“Thisnotonlyletsyouavoidtheticketcounter,butalsoincludestheuseofaprivatepartnerentrance.”ExtratimetovisittheSistineChapel?
Yes!
BambooForest:
Kyoto,Japan
BambooForestisthemostworthysightinKyoto.Ifyou’re10longingtoenjoythepathwaysandtakepicturesintotalquietness,KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible—think7a.m.ifyou’reupforit.Don’tmissthesehiddentreasuresyoucanonly5witnessinJapan.
ChichenItza:
Yucatán,Mexico
HometoElCastilloandtheTempleoftheWarriors,ChichenItzaisamustsee.Wanttobeattherush?
Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.Ledbyanarchaeologistguide,it’sfulloffascinatinginsightsandfacts—withouttonsofpackwearingtourists.
LouvreMuseum:
Paris,France
TheLouvreisoneofthemostpopularmuseumsontheplanet.12Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn’tthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis,consider6purchasinga7reservedticket.Thiswillgiveyouentrytothepyramidwithinahalfhourwindow.TheLouvreisalsoopenuntil9∶45pmonWednesdaysandFridays,ifyou’reupforsomelatenightartvisits.
语篇解读 本文是一则广告。
文章介绍了四个旅游景点,提供给“为赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。
4.WhatisrecommendedatVaticanMuseumsbyChristieHudson?
A.Queuingforfourhours.
B.Jumpingthewaitingline.
C.Takingaskipthelinetour.
D.VisitingtheSistineChapel.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据VaticanMuseums:
VaticanCity的第一、二句“TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear,andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson,seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia,recommendschoosingaskipthelinetour.”可知答案为C。
5.Whichofthefollowingareavailableforearlytouriststoavoidtherush?
A.VaticanMuseumsandBambooForest.
B.ChichenItzaandBambooForest.
C.BambooForestandLouvreMuseum.
D.ChichenItzaandLouvreMuseum.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据BambooForest:
Kyoto,Japan中的“KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible”和ChichenItza:
Yucatán,Mexico中的“Wanttobeattherush?
Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.”可知选B。
6.Whomightthispassagebeintendedfor?
A.Visitorsinter
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