英语语法2-Negation用法优质PPT.ppt
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英语语法2-Negation用法优质PPT.ppt
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1.Heisbynomeansthebeststudentinourclass.2.Onnoaccountshouldyouleaveyoursix-year-oldaloneathome.,2)暗示否定:
用暗含否定的词、词组、句子表示否定的概念。
A)运用词汇手段i)动词:
bewilder,deny,doubt,escape,exclude,fail,ignore,lack,miss,reject,refuse,resist,wonder.,Eg:
1)Thedoorrefusestoshut.2)Imsorry,yournameescapesme.3)Thewindow,althoughclosed,cannotexcludestreetnoise.,ii)名词,absence,denial,failure,freedom,ignorance,lack,refusal,reluctance,want,zero,Eg:
1)Intheabsenceofadequateproof,wecantcometoanyconclusion.2)Thereisawantofconfidenceinhim.3)Theriskswereclosetozero.,iii)形容词,如absent,different,free,ignorant,little,reluctant等.,1.Hesbeenabsentfromclasstwoweeks.2.Imfreetomorrow.Letsgototheconcert.3.Wetendtobereluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.,iv)介词,above,against,beneath,beyond,but,except,off,out,past,without,1)Twoofusareagainsttheplan.2)Hewasbeyondanypretension.3)Thepatientsconditionispasthope.,v)副词,barely,hardly,poorly,rarely,scarcely,seldom,1)Tonywassotiredthathecouldhardlykeepawakeatdinner.2)Mybosstreatedmepoorly.,vi)连词,ratherthan,unless,1)Theshoesarecomfortableratherthanpretty.2)Shewontbeoperatedonunlessnecessary.,b)运用短语手段,i)动词短语:
brushaside,differfrom,fallshort(of),keepfrom/off,losesightof容易忘记做,makelightof不当回事,preferto,protectfrom,refrainfrom,stopfrom,1)Hebrushedasidetheirthanks.2)Thearrowfellshort.3)Keepoffthewetpaint.,ii)形容词短语,clearof/from,farfrom,freeof/from,shortof,foreignto,1)Asheisnowclearofdebt,heneedntworkextrahours.2)Nobodyinthevillagelockstheirdoors.Thevillageissaidtobefreeofthieves.3)Selfishnessisforeigntohernature.,iii)介词短语,ataloss,atoneswitsend,beneathonesnotice,invain,offonesguard,outofthequestion,1)Imatalosswhattosay.2)Theirvictoryisoutofthequestion;
theyvelosttoomanymen.3)Theytriedinvaintoconvinceme.,iv)其他短语或词组,anythingbut,fewandfarbetween,insteadof,leastofall,letalone,otherthan,stillless,更不用说thelast,tosaynothing,1)Idliketodoanythingbutwashingup.2)HewasthelastpersonIexpectedtosee.3)Theycantread,stilllesswrite.,c)运用句子手段,i)修饰性疑问句:
在形式上是肯定疑问句,语义上表达强调的否定概念。
1)Iknowitswrongtodothat,buthowcanIhelpit?
2)Whatstheuseofwritingtohim?
Hesblind.ii)非真实条件句1)IfonlyIknewhim.2)IwishIcouldgowithyou.3)JohnwouldstillbedoingtheworkbutforEdshelp.,iii)习惯用法Catchmedoingthat.ForallIcare.iv)在tooto/for句型中Hishandsaretoobigforthegloves.Theteaistoohottodrink.,v)比较级1)workismorethananecessity.2)Doctorsshouldknowbetterthantodistortfactsandmisleadpatients.3)Thefillingstationmanlookedsurprisedmorethanfrightened.4)Thefoodismorethanwecaneat.vi)含有before引出的副词从句中1)HeleftbeforeIhadtimetoaskhisname.2)Hewoulddiebeforehewouldbetrayhiscountry.,2.否定词的否定范围,1)主句中的否定词有时否定主句,有时否定从句;
判定这种否定,主要靠上下文。
试比较:
Hedidntcomebecausehelosthisway.Idontteachbecauseteachingiseasyforme.TeachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving.,vii)用委婉肯定表达含蓄否定,AllmusicisaliketoTom.Shelivedanddiedavirgin.,2)Not和all,both,everyone,everything一起使用,通常不表示完全否定,而表示部分否定(PartialNegation)。
Allhischildrenarenotatschool.Idontknowewverythingabouther.Bothboysarenotclever.,3)表示完全否定(FullNegation)要用no,neither,none,nothing,notany等,以上两句none和nothing即可改为完全否定句。
Noneofhischildrenareatschool.Iknownothingabouther.,4)not和believe,except,feel,reckon,imagine,suppose,think等动词一齐使用,后面带有作宾语的名词从句时,常有否定转移现象,即否定宾语从句的否定词not转移到主句谓语动词前面。
例如:
Idontbelieveheistellingthetruth.HedoesntthinkAnnisfitforthejob.,3.无否定意义的否定句,有些句型、词组和句子虽然带有否定词却表示肯定含义。
句型,有cantbut,canthelp,canttoo,nosoonerthan,notuntil等。
Youcantbetoocarefulwithyourwork.NosoonerhadIenteredtheclassroomthanthebellrang.词组,有innotime,noneotherthan,nobody/nothingbut等。
Illbebackinnotime.Motherwantsnothingbutpeace.,3)双重否定(DoubleNegation):
句中两个否定成分相互抵消,表示肯定意义。
Notallofusdislikethefilm.Hedidntdenythechargesagainsthim.Thedoctorsleftnostoneunturnedintheirattempttosavethechild.Wearenevertoooldtolearn.Hewillnotstopunlesshereacheshisgoal.Jeffersonrefusedtoacceptotherpeoplesopinionswithoutcarefulthought.,4)修饰性疑问句Whodoesntknowtheearthisround?
Isntitalovelyday?
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