数字信号处理器简介外文文献翻译中英文Word文件下载.doc
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数字信号处理器简介外文文献翻译中英文Word文件下载.doc
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7
IntroductiontoDigitalSignalProcessing
Signalanddigitalsignalprocessingasabranchofinformationprocessing,hasinfiltratedintothescientificresearch,technologicaldevelopment,industrialproduction,nationaldefenseandnationaleconomyinvariousfieldshasachievedfruitfulresults.Ofthesignalintimedomainandtransformdomainanalysisofthecharacteristics,processing,enableustothenatureofthesignalfeaturesandamoreclearawarenessandunderstandingofthesignalsneedtogetourformofinformationofusetoimprovetheextent,theninabroaderandhigherleveltheaccesstoinformation.DSPchip,alsoknownasdigitalsignalprocessors,isparticularlysuitablefordigitalsignalprocessingmicroprocessor.TheemergenceanddevelopmentofDSPchips,digitalsignalprocessingtechnologyfortheimprovementofmanyofthenewsystem,thenewalgorithmcameintobeing,theapplicationfieldisexpanding.Currently,DSPchipshavebeenwidelyusedincommunications,automation,aerospace,military,medicalandotherfields.
Digitalsignalprocessingisthatthesignaltodigitalformanddealwiththetheoryandtechnology.Digitalsignalprocessingandanalogsignalprocessingisasubsetofsignalprocessing.Thepurposeofdigitalsignalprocessingisacontinuousreal-worldanalogsignalstomeasureorfilter.Thereforeneededbeforecarryingoutdigitalsignalprocessingthesignalfromtheanalogdomainintothedigitaldomain,thisisusuallyachievedthroughtheADC.Thedigitalsignalprocessingoftenhavetotransformtheoutputtotheanalogdomain,whichisachievedthroughtheDAC.ThecoredigitalsignalprocessingalgorithmisthediscreteFouriertransform(DFT),istheDFTtothesignalinthedigitaldomainandfrequencydomainarerealizeddiscrete,general-purposecomputerwhichcanhandlediscretesignal.ErShidigitalsignalprocessingtheorytopracticalfromthefastFouriertransform(FFT),FFThassignificantlyreducedtheDFTcomputationtomakereal-timedigitalsignalprocessingaspossible,greatlypromotethedevelopmentofthediscipline.
Theadvantagesofdigitalsignalprocessingsystemasfollows:
1.Goodflexibility:
whentheprocessingmethodandparameterschange,theprocessingsystemsimplybychangingthesoftwaredesigntomeettheappropriatechanges.2.Precision:
SignalprocessingsystemscanbeA/Dtransformationofthemedian,theprocessorwordlengthandtheappropriatealgorithmtomeettheaccuracyrequirements.3.Reliability:
processingsystemaffectedbyenvironmentaltemperature,humidity,noiseandelectromagneticinterferencecausedbythelessaffected.4.Canbealarge-scaleintegration:
Withthetechnologicaldevelopmentofsemiconductorintegratedcircuits,digitalcircuitscanbeusedforveryhighintegration,smallsize,lowpowerconsumption,andgoodproductconsistency.
1.ThedevelopmentofDSP
Thelate70searly80s,AMI'
sS2811chip,Intel'
s2902chip,thebirthmarksthebeginningofDSPchips.Withtherapiddevelopmentofsemiconductorintegratedcircuits,high-speedreal-timedigitalsignalprocessinganddigitalsignalprocessingapplicationsdemandsthecontinuousextensionofthefield,inthe80yearssincethebeginningoftenyears,DSPmadeepoch-makingdevelopment.Viewfromtheoperationspeed,MAC(multiplyandaccumulate)timeof400nsfrom80downto40nsbelow,data-processingcapacityseveraltimes.MIPS(millioninstructionspersecond)fromtheearly80'
s5MIPStothecurrent40MIPSormore.KeycomponentswithintheDSPchipmultiplieraccountsfromtheearly80sabout40%ofmoldAreadroppedtolessthan5%,on-chipRAMformorethananorderofmagnitudeincrease.Viewfromthemanufacturingprocess,theearly80swith4μmofNMOStechnologyandisnowusingsub-micronCMOStechnology,DSPchips,pinnumbersfromtheearly80supto64tomorethan200now,sotheincreaseinthenumberofchippinsincreasetheflexibilityofapplication,sothatallexternalmemoryexpansionandmoreconvenientcommunicationbetweenprocessors.AndearlierthanDSPchips,DSPchipsnowhavetwofloatingpointandfixed-pointdataformat,floating-pointDSPchipsforfloating-pointoperations,socomputingprecisiongreatlyenhanced.DSPchipcost,size,voltage,weightandpowerconsumptionearlierDSPchipwithalargedegreeofdecline.IntheDSPdevelopmentsystem,softwareandhardwaredevelopmenttoolscontinuetoimprove.Atpresentsomeofthechipwiththecorrespondingintegrateddevelopmentenvironment,whichsupportsbreakpointsettingsandprogrammemory,datamemoryandDMAaccessandtheprogramrunningandtrackingasingledepartment,andcanusehigh-levellanguageprogramming,somemanufacturersandsomesoftwaredevelopmentbusinessapplicationsoftwarefortheDSPtoprepareacommonsubroutinelibraryandvariousalgorithmsandvariousinterfaceprogram,whichmakesapplicationdevelopmenteasier,shortendevelopmenttime,thusincreasingtheefficiencyof
GeneralcharacteristicsofDSPchips
(1)Inacycletocompleteamultiplicationandanaccumulation.
(2)Harvardarchitecture,programanddataspaceseparated,youcanalsoaccessinstructionsanddata.
(3)ChipwithfastRAM,typicallybyanindependentdatabussimultaneouslyintwovisits.
(4)Alowcostornocostrecyclingandjumphardwaresupport.
(5)Fastinterrupthandling,andhardwareI/Osupport.
(6)Withsingle-cycleoperationinanumberofhardwareaddressgenerator.
(7)Canperformmultipleoperationsinparallel.
(8)Tosupportpipelineoperations,fetch,decode,andexecutionoperationsmayoverlap.
2.DSPApplicationsinCommunicationSystem
DSPtechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedincommunications.Mainlyinthefollowingareas.
(1)SoftwareDefinedRadio
Softwareradiotechnologyandcomputertechnologyisconstantlytouchmergedintothe3rdgenerationmobilecommunicationsystemsprovideagooduserinterface.DSPhardwaretechnologyanditsalgorithmisthekeytorealizationofsoftwareradio.Softwareradiosystemflexibility,opennessandcompatibilityfeaturesofthesignalprocessorismainlycenteredthroughacommonhardwareplatformandsoftwaretoachieve.Itismainlytocompletetheinternaldataprocessingstation,modemandcodecandsoon.Astheinternaldataflowandalargeradiofiltering,frequencyandotherprocessingoperationsmoreoften,tohigh-speed,real-time,paralleldigitalsignalprocessormoduleorASICtomeetthedemand.Tocompletesuchanarduoustask,toincreasetheprocessingspeedrequiredhardware,chipcapacityexpansionandrequestedalgorithmforoptimizationandimprovementoftheprocessor.Thetwoaspectsofthecontinuousimprovementrequirementswillbethedevelopmentofdigitalsignalprocessingtechnologyunremittingpower.Theonlywaytoachievehigh-speedinternalsoftwareradiooperationandmultiplefunctionsoftheflexibleswitchingandcontrol.SoftwareimplementationsaregenerallytwotypesofdevicesthatuseDSPtoimplementandfield-programmablegatearray(FPGA)toimplement.
(2)SpeechCoding
Thepurposeofvoicedatacompressionisthatinthetransmissionrateaslowaspossiblegainhigh-qualityaudioperformance,thatis,thatnarrowbandwidthofvoicesignalsKeYiinthechanneltransmission,thevoiceofqualityandXiajiangdebumoreHuodroppedasmuchaspossible.Speechcodingsystemfortheearlyuseofthewaveformcodingmethod,alsocalledwaveformcoding.EssentiallyfollowstheNyquistsamplingtheorem,strongadaptability,goodqualitysyntheticspeech,butthehighratecoding,codingefficiencyisverylow.Theparametercodingisdifferentfromtheefficientencodingofwaveformcodingmethod,whichisbasedonthemechanisminspeechproduction,mainlyontheextractioncharacteristicsofspeechsignalencodingparameters,youcanachieveverylowencodingrate.Butonlytotheeffectofsynthesizedspeech,voicequalitythanwaveformcoding.
Overthepastdecade,speechcodingtechnologyhasmadebreakthroughprogress.ITU,oneafteranotherthroughaseriesoflowbitratespeechcodingstandardtelephoneband.Bytheparametercodingandwaveformcodingthehybridcodingmethodthatisofasyntheticcoding,cangetbettersoundqualityatthesametimereducethecodingrate,themostrepresentativeisthelinearpredictivecoding(LPG)andCodeExcitedLinearPredictionCoding(CELP).Thisencodingcanbe4-16kbit/softhelowcodingrateonhigh-qualityreconstructedspeech,butthecomplexityofthealgorithm,thecomputingspeedoftheprocessordemanding.Onspeechprocessing,thehigherthecompressionratio,themorecomplexencodingalgorithm,real-timecompressioncannotusethelogiccircuit,itwillnotusethebulky,slow,highcostofMicrocomputer.TheDSPisasuitablechoice,thewebconferencing,voicecommunications,surveillancesystemsareimportantareasofcomponents.TheuseofDSPvoicecompressionalgorithmnotonlyprovidesabroadapplicationprospects,andthesystemdesignsimple,reliabilityisalsogreatlyimproved.
(3)GPSSystem
GPSwasdevelopedbytheUnitedStatestoreceivenavigationsatellitesignalsbasedonnon-autonomousnavigationsystem.Iswidelyusedinvariousmilitaryandeconomicfields.WithGPStechnologyinvariousfieldstopromoteandpopularizetheapplicationofthereceiver'
ssmallsize,intelligenceandalgorithmstomeetus
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