山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题Word格式.doc
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山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题Word格式.doc
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AatanyrateBbychanceCatalossDbytheway
7.Themotherwas_____withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.
AfantasticBfrankCfranticDfrenzy
8.Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay_____fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.
AtakecontrolBtakeplaceCtakeupDtakeover
9.Parentsoftenfacedthe___betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.
AparadoxBjunctionCpremiseDdilemma
10.Therehavebeendemonstrationsonthestreets____therecentterroristattack.
AinthewakeofBinthecourseof
CinthecontextofDinthelightof
11.WhenIaskedifablackpoliticiancouldwininFrance,however,heresponded_____:
”No,conditionsaredifferenthere.”
AambiguouslyBimplicitlyCunhesitatinglyDoptimistically
12Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively_______bytheuseofhumor.
AacquaintedBinstalledCregulatedDfacilitated
13InbothAmericaandEurope,itis_____totipthewaiterorwaitressanywherefrom10%to20%.
AelementaryBtemporaryCvoluntaryDcustomary
14Suchanapproachforcesmanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps______rigiddepartmentalborndaries.
ApassoverBstandforCbreakdownDsetoff
15Asateenager,Iwas_____byablindpassionforaslimstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.
ApursuedBseducedCconsumedDguaranteed
16Hisoriginalityasacomposeris____bythefollowinggroupofsongs.
AexemplifiedBcreatedCperformedDrealized
17TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir______destinationisRome.
AultimateBprimeCnextDcardinal
18Thepooroldmanwas_____withdiabetesandwithoutpropertreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.
AsufferedBafflictedCinducedDinfected
19ThebribeandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo_______themarriage.
AterminateBinitiateCconsummateDseparate
20Joinsaidthattherichercountriesoftheworldshouldmakea_____efforttohelpthepoorercountries.
AfutileBglitteringCfranticDconcentrated
21Theproblemisinherentand_______inanydemocracy,butithasbeenmoresevereinoursduringthepastquarter-centurybecauseofthenearuniversaldenigrationofgovernment,politicsandpoliticians.
AperishableBperiodicalCperverseDperennial
22Asisknowntoall,____commoditieswilldefinitelydoharmtoourlifesoonerorlater.
AcounterfeitBfakeCimitativeDfraudulent
23Itwouldbe_____tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.
AsubtleBfeebleCnastyDnaï
ve
24Itissurprisingthatsuchaninnocent-lookingmanshouldhave____suchacrime.
AconfirmedBclarifiedCcommittedDconveryed
25Hummansare___,whichenablesthemtomakedicisionsevenwhentheycan’tjustifywhy.
ArationalBreasonableChesitantDintuitive
26Morethan100____catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.
AlooseBtamedCwildDstary
27Tosaythathisresignationwasashockwouldbean______-------itcausedpanie.
AexcuseBindulgenceCexaggerationDunderstatement
28Heretheburdenofhisthoughtisthatthephilosopher,aimingattruth,mustnot____theseductionoftryingtowritebeautifully.
AsubjecttoBcarryonCyieldtoDaimat
29Ifoundthesubjectverydifficult,andatonetimethoughtIshouldhavetogiveitup,butyoudirectionsaresoclearand____thatIhavesucceededingettingapictureweallthinkpretty,thoughwantinginthetendergraceofyours.
AonthepointBoffthepointCtothepointDuptoapoint
30Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto_____whatcouldhavehappened.
ArehearseBreiterateCreinforceDreenact
阅读:
A
In1896ageorgiacouplesuingfordamagesinthe
accidentaldeathoftheirtwoyearoldwastoldthatsince
thechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothe
family,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.incontrast,
lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree
yearoldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamages
andwonanawardof$750,000.
thetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxta-
posingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofviviana
zelizer'
sexcellentbook,<
i>
pricingthepricelesschild<
/i>
.
duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconcept
ofthe"
useful"
childwhocontributedtothefamily
economygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotion
useless"
childwho,thoughproducingnoincome
for,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyet
consideredemotionally"
priceless."
wellestablished
amongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythe
mid-1800'
s,thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthrough-
outsocietyintheiate-nineteenthandearly-twentieth
centuriesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulations
andcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartonthe
assumptionthatachild'
semotionalvaluemadechild
labortaboo.
forzelizertheoriginsofthistransformationwere
manyandcomplex.thegradualerosionofchildren'
s
productivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,
thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchild
mortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionate
family(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedby
explicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactors
criticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren'
sworth.
yet"
expulsionofchildrenfromthe'
cashnexus,'
...
althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesinthe
economic,occupational,andfamilystructures,"
zelizer
maintains."
wasalsopartofaculturalprocess'
ofsacralization'
ofchildren'
slives."
protectingchildrenfromthe
crassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantfor
late-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,she
suggests;
thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhat
theyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhuman
valuesbythe
marketplace.
instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild'
worth.zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew
"
sociologicaleconomics,"
whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforces
intheformofindividual"
preferences,"
thesesociologists
tendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilyby
theprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.zelizeris
highlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinstead
theoppositephenomenon:
thepowerofsocialvaluesto
transformprice.aschildrenbecamemorevaluablein
emotionalterms,sheargues,their"
exchange"
or"
surrender"
valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionof
theirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuch
greater.
1.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe
(a)earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath
(b)wealthofthepartycausingthedeath
(c)degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath
(d)amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled
2.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800'
schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho
(a)neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection
(b)requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking
(c)wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily
(d)wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool
3.whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?
(a)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingof
theirchildren.
(b)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly.
(c)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual
(d)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor.
4.theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto
(a)re
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