山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题.doc
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2019年山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题及参考答案
山西大学博士研究生入学考试
《英语》试卷及参考答案
词汇
1.ThousandsofMedicarepatientswithchronicmedicalconditionshavebeenwrongly_____accesstonecessarycare.
AgrudgedBdeniedCnegatedDinvalidated
2.Ithasbeenproposedbymanylinguiststhathumanlanguage______,ourbiologicallyprogrammedabilithtouselanguage,isstillnotwelldefinedandunderstood.
ApotentialityBperceptionCfacultyDacquisition
3.Westernmedicine,_______scienceandpracticedbypeoplewithacademicinternationallyacceptedmedicaldegrees,isonlyoneofmanysystemsofhealing.
ArootedinBoriginatedfromCtrappedinDindulgedin
4.Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe______waythestorewasorganized.
AlogicalBhaphazardCorderlyDtidy
5.MississippialsouploldstheSouth’swell-deservedreputationforwarm,hospitablepeople;balmyyear-roundweather;andtruly______cuisine.
AdestructiveBhorribleCamiableDdelectable
6.Ifsheisstupid,she’s_____pleasanttolookat.
AatanyrateBbychanceCatalossDbytheway
7.Themotherwas_____withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.
AfantasticBfrankCfranticDfrenzy
8.Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay_____fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.
AtakecontrolBtakeplaceCtakeupDtakeover
9.Parentsoftenfacedthe___betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.
AparadoxBjunctionCpremiseDdilemma
10.Therehavebeendemonstrationsonthestreets____therecentterroristattack.
AinthewakeofBinthecourseof
CinthecontextofDinthelightof
11.WhenIaskedifablackpoliticiancouldwininFrance,however,heresponded_____:
”No,conditionsaredifferenthere.”
AambiguouslyBimplicitlyCunhesitatinglyDoptimistically
12Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively_______bytheuseofhumor.
AacquaintedBinstalledCregulatedDfacilitated
13InbothAmericaandEurope,itis_____totipthewaiterorwaitressanywherefrom10%to20%.
AelementaryBtemporaryCvoluntaryDcustomary
14Suchanapproachforcesmanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps______rigiddepartmentalborndaries.
ApassoverBstandforCbreakdownDsetoff
15Asateenager,Iwas_____byablindpassionforaslimstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.
ApursuedBseducedCconsumedDguaranteed
16Hisoriginalityasacomposeris____bythefollowinggroupofsongs.
AexemplifiedBcreatedCperformedDrealized
17TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir______destinationisRome.
AultimateBprimeCnextDcardinal
18Thepooroldmanwas_____withdiabetesandwithoutpropertreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.
AsufferedBafflictedCinducedDinfected
19ThebribeandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo_______themarriage.
AterminateBinitiateCconsummateDseparate
20Joinsaidthattherichercountriesoftheworldshouldmakea_____efforttohelpthepoorercountries.
AfutileBglitteringCfranticDconcentrated
21Theproblemisinherentand_______inanydemocracy,butithasbeenmoresevereinoursduringthepastquarter-centurybecauseofthenearuniversaldenigrationofgovernment,politicsandpoliticians.
AperishableBperiodicalCperverseDperennial
22Asisknowntoall,____commoditieswilldefinitelydoharmtoourlifesoonerorlater.
AcounterfeitBfakeCimitativeDfraudulent
23Itwouldbe_____tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.
AsubtleBfeebleCnastyDnaïve
24Itissurprisingthatsuchaninnocent-lookingmanshouldhave____suchacrime.
AconfirmedBclarifiedCcommittedDconveryed
25Hummansare___,whichenablesthemtomakedicisionsevenwhentheycan’tjustifywhy.
ArationalBreasonableChesitantDintuitive
26Morethan100____catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.
AlooseBtamedCwildDstary
27Tosaythathisresignationwasashockwouldbean______-------itcausedpanie.
AexcuseBindulgenceCexaggerationDunderstatement
28Heretheburdenofhisthoughtisthatthephilosopher,aimingattruth,mustnot____theseductionoftryingtowritebeautifully.
AsubjecttoBcarryonCyieldtoDaimat
29Ifoundthesubjectverydifficult,andatonetimethoughtIshouldhavetogiveitup,butyoudirectionsaresoclearand____thatIhavesucceededingettingapictureweallthinkpretty,thoughwantinginthetendergraceofyours.
AonthepointBoffthepointCtothepointDuptoapoint
30Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto_____whatcouldhavehappened.
ArehearseBreiterateCreinforceDreenact
阅读:
A
In1896ageorgiacouplesuingfordamagesinthe accidentaldeathoftheirtwoyearoldwastoldthatsince thechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothe family,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.incontrast, lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree yearoldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamages andwonanawardof$750,000. thetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxta- posingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofviviana zelizer'sexcellentbook,pricingthepricelesschild. duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconcept ofthe"useful"childwhocontributedtothefamily economygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotion ofthe"useless"childwho,thoughproducingnoincome for,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyet consideredemotionally"priceless."wellestablished amongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythe mid-1800's,thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthrough- outsocietyintheiate-nineteenthandearly-twentieth centuriesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulations andcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartonthe assumptionthatachild'semotionalvaluemadechild labortaboo. forzelizertheoriginsofthistransformationwere manyandcomplex.thegradualerosionofchildren's productivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy, thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchild mortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionate family(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedby explicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactors criticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren'sworth. yet"expulsionofchildrenfromthe'cashnexus,'... althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesinthe economic,occupational,andfamilystructures,"zelizer maintains."wasalsopartofaculturalprocess'ofsacralization'ofchildren'slives."protectingchildrenfromthe crassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantfor late-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,she suggests;thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhat theyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhuman valuesbythe marketplace. instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild's worth.zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew "sociologicaleconomics,"whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforces intheformofindividual"preferences,"thesesociologists tendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilyby theprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.zelizeris highlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinstead theoppositephenomenon:
thepowerofsocialvaluesto
transformprice.aschildrenbecamemorevaluablein emotionalterms,sheargues,their"exchange"or"surrender"valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionof theirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuch greater.
1.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe
(a)earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath
(b)wealthofthepartycausingthedeath
(c)degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath
(d)amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled
2.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800'schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho
(a)neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection
(b)requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking
(c)wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily
(d)wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool
3.whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?
(a)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingof
theirchildren.
(b)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly.
(c)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual
(d)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor.
4.theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto
(a)re
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