剑桥商务英语中级考试试题(八)Word文档格式.docx
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剑桥商务英语中级考试试题(八)Word文档格式.docx
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achieve.Theresearchshowsthatchangeprojectsfailtogetoffthegroundwhencompaniesneglectthehard
factors.Thatdoesn'
tmeanthatexecutivescanignorethesoftelements;
thatwouldbeagrave
mistake.
However.Ifcompaniesdon'
tpayattentiontothehardissuesfirst,transformationprogramswillbreakdownbeforethesoftelementscomeinto
play.D.Companiesassumethatthelongeraninitiativecarries
on.Themorelikelyitistofail—theearlyimpetuswillpeterout,windowsofopportunitywillclose,objectiveswillbeforgotten,keysupporterswillleaveorlosetheirenthusiasm,andproblemswill
accumulate.However,contrarytopopularperception,alongprojectthatisreviewedfrequentlyismorelikelytosucceedthanashortprojectthatisn'
treviewed
frequently.Thus,thetimebetweenreviewsismorecriticalforsuccessthanaproject'
slife
span.
theimportanceoftakingintoconsiderationtheeconomiceffectsbroughtbythechange
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
从C篇第一句“Someofthehardfactorsthataffectatransformationinitiativearethetimenecessarytocompleteit,thenumberofpeoplerequiredtoexecuteit,andthefinancialresultsthatintendedactionsareexpectedto
achieve.”可知影响变革主动性的硬因素包括需要的时间、参加人员的数量以及将要进行的变革所能带来的经济效益。
第二句“Theresearchshowsthatchangeprojectsfailtogetoffthegroundwhencompaniesneglectthehard
factors.”告诉我们,如果忽略这些因素,变革就很难顺利展开。
该句中的短语getofftheground表示“起飞;
顺利地起步”。
C篇中的最后一句“However,ifcompaniesdon'
tpayattentiontothehardissuesfirst,transformationprogramswillbreakdownbeforethesoftelementscomeinto
play.”再次强调首先要关注的是上述那些硬因素。
经济效益是硬因素之一,因此,C为正确选项。
第2题thediversityinobservingtheinitiativeofchangeincompanies
B
【答案解析】从B篇第一、第二两句“Eachmanagerlooksataninitiativefromhisorherviewpointand,basedonpersonalexperience,focusesondifferentsuccess
factors.Theexpeas,too,offerdifferent
perspectives.”可知管理者和专家都对变革的主动性有着千差万别的看法。
第三句“Arecentsearchforbookson‘changeandmanagement’turnedup6,153titles,eachwithadistincttakeonthe
topic.”则用数字说明关于“changeandmanagement”这一主题的文章有如此之多(6,153),而每篇观点又不尽相同。
此句中的“take”作名词,本意是指电影电视拍摄时的一个个镜头,这里指观点。
因此,B为正确选项。
第3题thebeliefthatgoodcommunicationbetweenmanagersandstaffwillbenefitthechange
A
【答案解析】从A篇第一、第二句“Foroverthreedecades,academics,managers,andconsultants,realizingthattransformingorganizationsisdifficult,haveanalyzedthe
subject.They'
vesungthepraisesofleaderswhocommunicatevisionandwalkthetalkinordertomakechangeefforts
succeed.”可知学者、管理者、顾问都对那些能够将自己的变革构想告诉给下属的领导者称赞有加。
由此可以断定,管理者与被管理者就即将进行的变革进行沟通是有助于变革成功的。
因此,A为正确选项。
第4题therelationshipbetweenthedurationofaprojectandthechancesofwinningthechange
D
从D篇第一句的前半句“Companiesassumethatthelongeraninitiativecarrieson,themorelikelyitistofail”可知有些人认为变革持续的时间越长就越可能失败;
后半句“theearlyimpetuswillpeterout,windowsofopportunitywillclose,objectiveswillbeforgotten,keysupporterswillleaveorlosetheirenthusiasm,andproblemswill
accumulate.”则进行了进一步的解释。
但在“However”之后,与上所述完全相反的一种观点被提出来,“alongprojectthatisreviewedfrequentlyismorelikelytosucceedthanashortprojectthatisn'
treviewedfrequently”,意思是,如果能对一个实施时间很长的变革计划在其进行中不断研究改进的话,该变革则更可能成功。
可见,作者在D篇中对变革持续时间长短与成功可能性的关系做了介绍,因此,D为正确选项。
第5题theneedtoconsideralltheelementsinvolvedinachange
【答案解析】从C篇的第一、第二句“Someofthehardfactorsthataffectatransformationinitiativearethetimenecessarytocompleteit,thenumberofpeoplerequiredtoexecuteit,andthefinancialresultsthatintendedactionsareexpectedto
factors.”及第四句“ifcompaniesdon'
play.”可知若要使变革成功,必须而且首先应该考虑到硬因素。
当然,只考虑硬因素是不够的,第三句“Thatdoesn'
tmeanthatexecutivescanignorethesoftelements;
thatwouldbeagrave
mistake.”则提到不能忽略软因素,否则,就是犯了严重的错误。
综合整篇内容,作者是要表明忽略任何一方面因素都无法使变革成功。
因此,C为正确选项。
第6题thepossibilitytomakeasuccessfulchangebyconsideringtheplanmorethanonce
【答案解析】从D篇倒数第二句“However,contrarytopopularperception,alongprojectthatisreviewedfrequentlyismorelikelytosucceedthanashortprojectthatisn'
frequently.”可知如果能对一个实施时间很长的变革计划,在其进行中不断研究改进的话,该变革则更可能成功。
因此,D为正确选项。
第7题thenegativeviewofaskingcompaniestosolvemanyproblemsatthesametime
从B篇最后一句中的“Thoseideashavealottooffer,buttakentogether,theyforcecompaniestotacklemanyprioritiessimultaneously,”这些观点的共同点就是迫使公司同时解决诸多所谓应优先解决的问题,“force”一词表明作者对这种观点持否定态度。
而且,最后的which一从句“whichspreadsresourcesandskills
thin.”表明这样做带来的问题是分散了解决问题所需的物力和人力。
这就意味着真正需要优先解决的问题可能被耽误。
所以作者对这种观点是不认同的。
二、中READING(PARTTWO)
(共5小题,共5.0分)·
Readthis
text.·
Choosethebestsentencebelowtofillineachofthe
gaps.·
Foreachgap1--5,markoneletterA--GonyourAnswer
Sheet.·
Donotmarkanyletter
twice.第1题HowManagementTeamsCanHaveaGoodFightTopmanagersoftenfinditverydifficulttomanage
conflict.Theyknowthatconflictoverissuesisnaturalandeven
necessary.Reasonablepeople,makingdecisionsunderconditionsofuncertainty,arelikelytohavehonestdisagreementsoverthebestpathfortheircompany'
s
future.Managementteamswhosememberschallengeoneanother'
sthinkingdevelopamorecompleteunderstandingofthechoices,ceratearicherrangeof
options.Ultimatelytheyareabletomakethekindsofeffectivedecisionsnecessaryintoday'
scompetitive
environments.But,unfortunately,healthyconflictcanquicklyturn
unproductive.Acommentmeantasasubstantiveremarkcanbeinterpretedasapersonal
attack.
(1)Personalitiesfrequentlybecomecloselyconnectedwith
issues.Becausemostexecutivesareproudoftheirabilitytomakerationaldecisions,theyfinditdifficulteventoacknowledge—letalonemanage—thisemotional,irrationaldimensionoftheir
behavior.Thechallengeisfamiliartoanyonewhohaseverbeenpartofamanagement
team.
(2)Themanagersshouldbeencouragedtoarguewithoutdestroyingtheirabilitytoworkasa
team.Inastudy,in4ofthe12companies,therewaslittleornosubstantivedisagreementovermajorissuesandthereforelittleconflictto
observe.Buttheother8companiesexperiencedconsiderable
conflict.In4ofthem,thetop-managementteamshandledconflictinawaythatavoidedinterpersonalhostilityor
discord.
(3)Theydescribedthewaytheyworkasateamas‘open’,‘fun’,and‘productive’.Theexecutivesvigorouslydebatedtheissues,buttheywastedlittletimeoncarefullyconsideringand
posturing.Asoneputit,'
Ireallydon'
thave
time.'
Anothersaid,'
Wedon'
tglossovertheissues:
wehitthemstraight
on.Butwe'
renotpolitical,'
Stillanotherobservedofhercompany'
smanagementteam,'
Wescreamalot,thenlaugh,andthenresolvethe
issue.'
Theotherfourcompaniesinwhichissueswerecontestedwerelesssuccessfulatavoidinginterpersonal
conflict.Theirtopteamswereplaguedbyintense
hostility.
(4)Whenexecutivesdescribedtheircolleaguestous,theyusedwordssuchas‘manipulative’,‘secretive’.‘burnedout’,and‘political’.Theteamswithminimalinterpersonalconflictwereabletoseparatesubstantiveissuesfromthosebasedon
personalities.
(5)Howdidtheydothat?
Afteranalyzingtheobservations
oftheteams’behavior,theexpertsfoundthattheircompaniesusedthesametacticsformanaginginterpersonal
conflict.Forinstance,teammembersworkedwithmore,ratherthanless,informationanddebatedonthebasisof
facts.
A.Theymusttrytokeepconstructiveconflictoverissuesfromturningintononfunctionalinterpersonal
conflict.
B.ExecutivesOftenfailedto
cooperate.rarelytalkingwithoneanother,tendingtofragmentintocliques,andopenlydisplayingtheirfrustrationand
anger.
C.Anxietyandfrustrationoverdifficultchoicescanevolveintoangerdirectedat
colleagues.
D.Executivesinthosecompaniesreferredtotheircolleaguesas'
smart'
'
teamplayer'
and'
bestInth
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