纳米电子技术在军事领域的应用Word文件下载.doc
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纳米电子技术在军事领域的应用Word文件下载.doc
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Nano-electronicsapplicationsinthemilitaryfield
Nano-technologyandnano-electronicsNanotechnologyreferstothedevelopmentofprofilesinthe0.1~100nmscalespaceofelectrons,atoms,moleculesandcharacteristicsoftheinternaloperatingrulesofthenewtechnologies.July1990,theFirstInternationalConferenceonNanoscienceandNanotechnology,heldinBaltimore,markingtheofficialbirthofnanotechnology.Itisthecombinationofmodernscienceandtechnologyproduct,involvingalmostalltheexistingbasicscienceandtechnology,andnano-derivedfunctionalmaterials,nanoelectronics,nano-informatics,nano-biology,nano-mechanics,nano-significantmicro-science,nano-chemistry,nano-physicsandnano-scienceandothersubjectsmeasured.Microelectronicsindustry,accordingtoMoore'
sLaw,every18monthsorso,doublingthespeedofthechip,thesizereducedbyhalf.Ifthelawscontinuetowork,thenaround2010,thedevelopmentofmicroelectronictechnologywillbeclosetoitsphysicallimits,becausethenano-spaceelectronwavenatureoftheclearlydemonstratedtothemicroelectronictechnologyfortheelementaryparticleschallenges,therefore,nanoelectronictechnologycameintobeing.Nano-technologyandmicroelectronicstechnologycombinednanoelectronicsappears,basedonthelatestphysicaltheoriesandthemostadvancedtechnologymeans,inaccordancewiththeideatoconstructanewelectronicsystem,cantranscendthephysicalandtechnologicallimitationsofintegratedcircuits,developedvolumesmaller,faster,lowerpowergenerationofquantumfunctionaldevices.Atpresent,nano-NRWResearchConsortiumandtheUniversityofEssen,Germany,ledmanyresearchinstitutionshavedevelopedsingle-electronnano-switch,thatis,innano-electroniccircuitsusingasiliconsemiconductorcircuittoachieve100000ecanbeachievedThe"
links"
"
off"
feature.IBMUnitedStatesandJapan,Hitachihassuccessfullydevelopedsingle-electrontransistors.Scientistssaythatthecircuitcouldbecomeafuturesmaller,moreaccurateandlessenergyconsumptionbasedonthechip.Whenthescalesfromthemicrondowntonanometerlevel,thedevicewillsignificantlyimproveintegration,butalsohasadeviceofsimplestructure,highreliabilityandlowcostseveraladvantages.Microelectronicshasbeen70yearsinthe20thcenturyledtoaninformationrevolution;
nanotechnologymaybethenexttechnologicalrevolutionofthecore.
Nano-electronicsapplicationsinthemilitarytechnologicalrevolutionintheindustrialrevolutionbroughtaboutthesametime,itwilldefinitelycauseamajorchangeinthemilitaryfield.UnitedStatesbelievesthatnanotechnologyisthefutureofthedefenseindustry,theworld'
smajormilitarypowers,havealsoinvestedalotofmoneytocarryoutdevelopmentandtesting,manufacturing,nano-weapons.Informationtechnologyasanimportantfoundationformilitarymilitarymicroelectronics,nanotechnology,ifoncesupported,willenabletomicroelectronictechnologyastherepresentativeofthemoderninformationtechnologytonanotechnologyandmoleculardevicesrepresentedahugechangeinintelligentinformationtechnology.Nano-electronictechnologyofthefuturedrivingforceofthefieldofmilitaryoperations,willfarexceedthecurrentmicroelectronicstechnologyontheimpactofinformationwarfare,willalsoleadtheworldinarealsenseofthenewmilitaryrevolution,andthelevelofinformationwarfareintotheelectronicnewer,moreadvancedstageofdevelopment.
Nano-computersystemthecomputeristhecoreofinformationsystems,andmodernwarfaresystemscannotdowithoutthecomputer.Micro-nanotechnologytoproducetransistorsandmemorychipswillallowthestoragedensity,increasethecomputingspeedandefficiencyofhundredsoftimes,greatlyreducingthecomputer'
ssizeandweight,andpowerconsumptionbutcanbereducedtotensofpartspermilliontoday.Oncethisnewcomputerwithatomicprecisiontoreplacetheexistingcomputingequipmentformilitarycombat,willrealizetheinformationcollectionandprocessingcapabilitiesoftherevolutionarybreakthroughstoimprovetheC4Isystemreliability,mobility,viabilityandeffectivenessofwork.
Nano-technologyaerospaceandaviationin1993
Nano-satellites,theU.S.AerospaceCorporation,heldinAustria,44thInternationalAstronauticalCongress,presentedthenanosatellites(massofabout0.1~10kg)concept.Thissatelliteslightlylargerthanthesparrow,thequalityoflessthan10kg,allinvariouspartsofnano-materials,usingthemostadvancedmicro-electromechanicalintegration,integrationoftechnologyintegration,smallsize,lightweight,survivalability,eveniftheattackisnotlostallfunctions;
developedlow-cost,nolarge-scaleexperimentalfacilitiesandspanoftheplant;
easytolaunch,nolarge-scalelaunchvehicle,asmalllaunchvehicletolaunchthousandsofsatellites,iftheintervalintheuppersun-synchronousorbit648layoutdifferentfunctionsofthenano-satellitesatellites,canensurethatatanytimetoanypointontheearthcontinuouslymonitored,evenifasmallnumberofsatellitefailures,theworkoftheentiresatellitenetworkwillnotbeaffected.Extremelyrapiddevelopmentofnano-satellites,theUnitedStates,Russiaandotherspacepowers,andmanysmallcountrieshaveinvestedconsiderableresourcesandeffortssteppedupthedevelopment.Atpresent,China'
sfirst"
Nasatellite"
isalsobeingdeveloped.TheUnitedStatesistheworld'
smostdependentonspacecapabilitiesofthearmedforces,whetheritiscommunication,andefficientsurveillanceandreconnaissance,orthroughtheglobalsatellitepositioningsystemandoperationofspysatellitestoprecision-guidedweaponssystems,satellitesandotherspacefacilitiescannotbeseparated.TherapiddeploymentofU.S.forcesintheglobal,relyingonsatellitesystemsisalsoenormous.ItisnoexaggerationtosaythateveryAmericannowplayingspacewariswar,ifwecanmakeitoutofspaceresources,willgreatlydampenthefightingcapacityoftheUnitedStates.
SpaceElevatorSpacewarwillbecomethenexthotwar,asistheSpaceShuttleandtheuniversewithalowercarryingcapacityoftheaircraft,thelimitednumberoflaunches,securityisalsopoor,thepreviousstageorendcallsforU.S.scientiststosuspenduseofexistingSpaceShuttle.Ontheotherhand,somedevelopedcountriesareracingtodeveloptomeettheoperationalneedsofthenewspacevehiclesinspace.Buckyballsaremadeof60carbonatomscometogethertoformafootball-likestructure,developedonthisbasis,carbonnanotubes,thestrength100timeshigherthanthatofsteel,whilesteelweighsonly1/6,50000sidebysidecarbonnanotubestogetherisequivalenttothediameterofahumanhair.Thestructureofcarbonnanotubesorsimilarmaterialsareenvisagedforthemanufactureof"
spacelift"
themilitarizationofspaceapplicationsinthefutureplayanimportantrole.
Nano-aircraftreconnaissanceandjammingsystemusesvarietyofmicro-nano-technologyaircraftcapableofcarryingavarietyofdetectionequipment,informationprocessing,navigation(withasmallGPSreceiver)andcommunicationscapabilities.Americanblackwidowsupermicroairvehiclenolongerthan15cm,thecostofnotmorethan1,000U.S.dollars,weight50g,equippedwithGPS,microcamerasandsensorsandothersophisticatedequipment.Mainz,GermanyInstituteofTechnologyscientistshavesuccessfullydevelopedmicro-miniaturehelicopter,long24mm,High8mm,weight400mg,smallenoughtoparkinapeanut.Themainfunctionofthesenano-secretaircraftdeployedtotheenemyinformationsystemsandweaponssystemswithinornearthemonitorenemysituation,butalsotoenemyradar,communicationsandotherelectronicequipment,theimplementationofeffectiveinterference.Theycanhover,fly,anddifficultenemyconventionalradar.Itisalsosaidtomeettheall-weathercombat,hundredsofkilometersawayfromitsaccesstotheinformationbacktoone'
sownmissilelaunchsite,directlyguidedmissiletarget.
Micro-electromechanicalsystems,"
NanoWeapons"
and"
nano-army"
inthemilitaryfield,alargenewdevelopmentofweaponshasalwaysreceivedspecialattention,however,nanotechnologyandMEMSapplications,willmakeitdifficulttodetectwiththenakedeyealmostnanoweaponsleapttothestageofwarequipment.MEMScanbesaidthatthecoretechnologyofnano-technology,nano-electronictechnologyiscurrentlythemostsophisticatedapplications.Theso-calledmicro-electromechanicalsystems,mainlyreferstothecontourinthemillimetersize,compositioncomponentsizeinthemicrontonanometerlevelcanbecontrolled,micro-mechanicalmovementofelectronicdevices.MEMStechnologyisnotintheusualsenseofthesimplesystemminiaturization,becausewheneachpartissmalltonano-scaleafterthemacroscopicparameterssuchassize,weightandsobecomeinsignificant,butnotwithsurface-relatedfactorssuchassurfacetensionandthefrictionbecomesessential.Thephysicalpropertiesofnewnano-devicesthataredurable,highreliability.Japanistheuseofnano-technologydevelopmentofmicro-electromechanicalsystemsthelargestinvestorinChina,developeda10-yeardevelopmentplan;
theUnitedStatessince1994,willbeincludedinMEMStechnology,"
theDefenseTechnologyInitiative,"
thekeytechnologyprojects.Nearly10years,MEMStechnologyachievedasubstantialbreakthrough.Scientistshavesuccessfullymadeoutofnanogear,nano-springs,nano-nozzles,micro-nano-bearingsandothercomponents,andonthisbasisismadeofnano-engine.Thediameterofthismicro-engineisonly200μm,adropofoi
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