英美文化作业英语 1教育区别Word下载.docx
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英美文化作业英语 1教育区别Word下载.docx
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TheBasicFacilities
Inboththetwocountries,therearepublicschoolsandprivateschoolsexistingthere,buttherearebigdifferencesbetweenthemespeciallyinprivateschools.Firstofall,intheUnitedStates,thefinancesourceofprivateschoolsisthesameaspublicschools,that'
stosay,theybothcomefromthecountry―taxincome.Differently,thefinancesourceofprivateschoolsofChinaisfromthecompanywhichinveststheschoolorsomeonewhowantstogivehismoneytotheschool.
Notonlyarethefinancesourcesofschoolsdifferent,butalsothearrangementsofthetextbooksdifferingfromeachotherinthetwocountries.Inourcountry,westudentsareforcedtobyaseriesoftextbooksnomatterwhatgradesweare,whichschoolwearein.Someofthebooksareevenuntouchedbeforethegraduation.ButintheUnitedStates,wastingisnotallowedinschools,asaresult,thestudentsarenotallowedtobuyevenabook,afterusingit,thesebookswillbeusedbythefollowinggrade'
sstudentsandthesetextbooksbelongtothewholeschool.
Somestatesplayastrongroleinselectionoflearningmaterialfortheirstudents.Forexample,statecommitteesmaydecidewhichpublisher'
stextbookscanbepurchasedwithstatesfunds.Inothercases,decisionsaboutbuyinginstructionalmaterialareleftentirelytolocalschoolofficials.InChina,thekindsoftextbooksaredecidedbythecountry,onlyinafewoftheschools,especiallytheveryfamousschools,theschoolitselfcanmakethedecisionofinstructionalmaterial.
CoursesandContent
InChina,whatmostpeoplepaymoreattentiontochildren'
seducationisdevelopingindifferentaspects,asaresult,therearemath、English、Chinese、PE、science、music、painting、history.Andforeverycourse,thesechildrenshouldtrytheirbesttogetgoodgrades.ButintheUnitedStates,whatastudentinprimaryschoolshouldtryhisbesttodoisEnglish,theyjustpayqmainattentiontoitsmothertongue,notbecausetheyneglecttheimportanceofothercourses,buttheythinkthatforalittlechild,itisbetterforthemtohaveagoodbasisinthebasiclearning.
BecauseofthebasiclearningofEnglish,astudentwhoisnotverygoodatitmayhavetochooseasecondlanguageandfindanewwayoflearningwhenheisinahighergrade.ForChinesestudent,asecondlanguage―Englishisintroducedinevenprimaryschool,andwestudentsshouldpaytheequalattentiontoitaslearningEnglishforthereasonthatitcanbeanimportantstandardofwhetherwecanenteracollege.
Asforthecontent,whatisdifferentfromChineseeducationistheeverydaylearningofreligionandculture,andwhat’sthebigdifferenceisthatAmericanteachersandparentsoftenteachsomethingaboutsexincertaindegrees,theythinkitismoreimportantthantheknowledgeinbooksbecausetheknowledgeofsexcanhelpthestudentsgetridoftheharminthataspects.WecandrawtheconclusionthattheeducationintheUSisopenerthanourChineseeducationandthatmoreattentionispaidtoinnereducationratherthansimpleknowledgethatisusednotveryofteninourdailylife.
TheSystemofHigherEducation
ThesystemofhighereducationintheUnitedStatesiscomplex.Itcomprisesfourcategoriesofinstitutions:
theuniversity,whichmaycontain:
severalcollegesforundergraduatestudentsseekingabachelor’sdegreeandoneormoregraduateschoolsforthosecontinuinginspecializedstudiesbeyondthebachelor’sdegreetoobtainamaster’soradoctoraldegree;
thefour-yearundergraduateinstitution–thecollege–mostofwhicharenotpartofauniversity,thetechnicaltraininginstitution,atwhichhighschoolgraduatesmaytakecourserangingfromsixmonthstofouryearsindurationandlearnawidevarietyoftechnicalskills,fromhairstylingthroughbusinessaccountingtocomputerprogramming;
andthetwo-year,orcommunitycollege,fromwhichstudentsmayentermanyprofessionsormaytransfertofour-yearcollegesoruniversities.InChina,therearethreekindsofcollegesbasedonthescoretheirstudentsget.
TheWayofTeachingandLearning
TherearebigdifferencesofthewayofteachingandlearningintheUSandChina.InAmerica,beforetheteachingofthecourse,theteacheralwaysgiveafewminutestothestudentstohaveabriefconversationwithothersintheirgroups,andthen,theteacherwon’ttelltoomuchtothem,anotherconversationisgiventodrawtheconclusionbythemselves.Inthescienceclass,ifthemainideaisgettingtoknowpigeon,thestudentswillbegatheredinaparkwithaherdofpigeons,andgivethemenoughtimetoobservethemandevencontactwiththem,asaresult,theycanhaveabriefknowledgeofthiskindofbird.Inaword,thebasicwayoflearningintheUSislearningasmuchasbythestudentsthemselves.Onthecontrary,previewingisoftendoneoutofthestudentsthemselves.Aftertheringingoftheclassbell,theteachercan’tstoptellingtheknowledgeincludedintheclasstothestudentsandatthesametime,itisoftenseenthatallofthestudentsarehurrysettingdownwhattheteacherissayingandnotebookandburythemselvesintheseaofknowledge.Asaresult,itisfasterfortheAmericanstudentstohaveagoodknowledgeofwhattheyobservedandgotthantheChinesestudents’rememberingtheknowledge.
TheExtraClassinSummer
Duringthesummervocation,thereareextraclassesinboththeUSandChina,buttheyarequitedifferentfromeachother.InAmerica,therearetwodifferentkindsofclasses.Thefirstkindisparticularforthosewhoareintheprimaryschoolsandmiddleschools.Americanprimaryschoolandmiddleschoolalwaysprovidecramschoolforthekidswhohavedifficultiesinlearningwhentheyareatnormalschool.Thefinanceisfromthecountry,andaschoolwillprovideitsclassroomtothisspecialschool.Thestudentscanmaketheirdecisionontheirownandtheschoolcanpointsomeonetoattendthisschool.What’sthemostimportantisthatthesestudentswillpaynothingandgetagreatimprovementinlearning.TheotherkindofthesummerschooliscalledTheYouthPoliticianPlan.Itisakindofschoolwhichprovidestheknowledgeofpoliticstohelpthemformtheinterestsofpoliticsandhelpthemwiththeskillsofparticipateinthepublicaffairs.Thiskindofschoolsisavailabletothosewhoarethetopstudentsintheirschool.Thefeeofthisschoolis$3500anditwillcontinueforthreeweeks.
InChina,therearealotofdifferentkindsofcramschoolsteachingdifferentcoursesrangingfrompaintingtoEnglish.Themainpurposeofattendingtheseschoolsisgettinggoodgradesanddoingwellinthecourses.Someparentsevenwouldratherspendalotofmoneyandasktheirchildrenhaveeverykindofcramschool.Notonlyisitusefullessbutalsoitmaydoharmtotheirdailybasicclassbecausethelackofenoughsleepduringthevocationandweekends.
TheRulesinClasses
Foreverycountry,therearerulesthatthestudentsinprimaryschoolandmiddleschoolshouldobey,buttherearebigdifferencesbetweenthetwocountries–theUSandChina.Taketwooftherulesasexample,thefirstruleinAmericaiscallingtheteacherspolitely,butinChina,thefirstrulesayslovethecountry,lovethecitizensandlovetheCommunistPartyofChina.IntherulesofAmericawhattheypayattentiontoisthewayofdealingwithsomeproblemsintheclass,thewaytheytalktotheirteachersandthewayofattendingtheinteractionintheclass.Onthecontrary,ourcountryconcentrateonsomethingseemsveryfarawayfromusandverydifficulttotakeaction,suchascherishinglife,self-respection,studyinghardandsoon.Comparetherulesofthesetwocountries,itseemsthattherequestforthestudentsinAmericais“lower”thanthatinChina,butthefactisthatthesesocalled“lowerrules”iseasytodoandeasytobeevaluated.Speakpracticallyandthendopractically,that’stheprincipleoftheeducationinAmerica.
Parents’RolesinEducation
Notonlydotheteachersandstudentsandevensomemanageroftheschooldifferfromeachother,butalsotherolethatparentsplayarequitedifferent.InChina,themainroleofparentsissupervisingbothstudentsandteachers.Someofthemevendon’tpayanyattentiontotheirchild’sstudy,theyoftenthinkthattheirdutyfortheirchildisgivingthemenoughmoney,makingfoodforthem,washingtheirclothesandsomethingmaterialtotheirkid.Sometimes,theymayforgetattendingtheirparents’meeting.Onthecontrary,intheUS,parentshavetherighttosupervisethewholeschool,iftheyarenotsatisfiedwithsomerulesormanagementorotherthingsinschool,theycanspeakoutandhaveaconversationwiththoseinchargeoftheschool,theyalsocanevenattendthemeetingheldbytheleadersoftheschool.Inaword,fromhelpingtheirkidslearnandhelpingmanagetheschool,theparentsallregardthesethingsastheirdailyandbasicduty,andoncetheydecidetodoso,theywillsparenoefforttomakeittrue.
OtherThings
InourChina,homeworkseemsasadailythingforstudentsandasastandardforparentstodrawtheconclusionthatwhethertheteacherisresponsible.
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