高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句经典Word格式.doc
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高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句经典Word格式.doc
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和先行词的关系密切
(删去后,影响整个句子意义的表达)
和先行词的关系不密切(是一种补充说明,删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达)
不用逗号分开
一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导
不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略
(that,who,which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略)
不可以省略
可以替代
(whom作宾语时,可用who或that替代)
不能替代
只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分
修饰整个主句或主句的一部分,此时定语从句前有逗号分开,只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义:
限制性:
她有两个当解放军的儿子。
ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.
(MaybeshehasothersonswhoarenotP.L.A.men.)
非限制性:
她有两个儿子,他们都是解放军。
Shehastwosons,whoareP.L.A.men.
(Shehasonlytwosons.TheyarebothP.L.A.men.)
三、关系代词的用法区分
1.修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分
•只能使用that的情况:
(1)当先行词即有人又有物时。
eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.
(2)当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.
ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.
(3)当先行词所在句子含疑问词who,which时。
eg.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?
(4)当先行词被thevery,theright,thenext,theonly等强调词修饰时。
eg.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.
(5)当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。
eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?
或当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等不定代修饰时。
eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.
•只能使用which的情况。
(1)非限制性定语从句中。
eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.
Football,whichisaveryimportantgame,isplayedallovertheworld.
(2)在介词之后。
eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.
ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.
that指人/物,做主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)
Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.
Heistheman(that/who/whom)Itoldyouabout.
Which指物,做主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省略)
Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.
Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.
2.修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。
1).先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时,宜用who;
Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestosaytruth.
2)在Therebe开头的句字中,宜用who;
Therearemanypeoplewhoareagainsthim.
3)先行词指人,且关系代词前有介词时,只用whom;
SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.
比较Sheisthegirlwhom/who/thatImetattheparty.
Who指人,做主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)
ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.
Whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.
3.whose是代词的所有格,可指人也可指物,指物时=ofwhich,指人时=ofwhom。
在定从中做定语,表从属关系,翻译为“他的/她的/它的”,用来代替his,her,their,its.
(1)Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.
(2)Shelivesinaroom,ofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.
(3)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.
Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.
Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.
(4)DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq.
DoyouknowthegirlofwhomthefatherdiedinEraq.
DoyouknowthegirlthefatherofwhomdiedinIraq.
四、如何选择关系代词?
(who,whom,whose,which,that)
口诀:
前看先行词,辩清人或物;
后看从句里,有无主宾语。
五、定语从句考点
热点1关系代词与关系副词的选用
▲有二步:
找对先行词,看准从句
判断先行词在从句中做什么成分
(1)Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheold__________theyswamintheriver.
(2)Thedaysaregoneforever__________theChinesepeoplearelookeddownupon.
(3)I’llneverforgetthedays____________wevisitedBeijing.
I’llneverforgetthedays__________________wespenttogether.
(4)Thisistheoffice______________heworked.
Thisistheoffice_________________heworkedin
Thisistheofficein________________heworked
(5)Thereason__________________hewaslateforschoolisthathiscarbrokedown.
Thereason___________________hetoldmeabouthisbeinglateforschoolisthathiscarbrokedown.
(6)—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?
—Yes,thereisonepoint_________________Imustinsiston.
Thenoisefromthekaraokeiscomingtoapoint____________wecan’tputupwithit.
热点2where引导的定语从句
▲先行词在从句中作地点状语时,用关系副词where,也可以用介词+关系代词.
▲当先行词为point,case,situation,position,stage,degree等且在从句做地点状语时,用where..
⑴Todaywewilldiscussanumberofcases____________-beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.﹙2007·
陕西Ⅰ·
20﹚
⑵Somepreschoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_____________theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.﹙2007·
全国Ⅰ·
22﹚
⑶Alltheneighborsadmirethefamily,______________theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend﹙2008·
安徽·
26﹚
热点3whose引导的定语从句
▲
先行词在从句中作定语,先行词既可指人也可指物.
Whose后肯定有它所修饰的名词.
⑴Justlikeavoyageatsea,ourlifejourney,____________daysarelimited,isfullofdifficulties.﹙2008安徽六校高三联考﹚
A.whoseB.thatC.itsD.whom
⑵Ivisitedthescientist____________nameisknownallovertheworld.
A.whoseB.thatC.itsD.whom
热点4介词+关系代词
▲该用哪个介词:
根据介词与先行词的搭配.
根据介词与定语从句谓语动词的搭配.
根据定语从句的意思.
⑴Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_________hewenttobeinguniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhich.D.inthat
⑵Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.beforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection__________shehadcome.
A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich
⑶Assoonasyougethomefromschool,thinkabouttheorder_youwilldoyourhomeworkassignmentsandhowmuchtimeyouwillspendoneachone.
A.ofwhichB.atwhichC.throughwhichD.inwhich
热点5as引导的定语从句
▲As可引导限制性定语从句,特别是当先行词前有such,so,thesame来修饰时.注意:
such/so…that…与such/so…as…
▲As引导非限制性定语从句是,常代表整个句子.
(1)Themanshowedussoheavyastone_________noonecanlift.
A.thatBasC.whichD.and
(2)Themanshowedussoheavyastone__________noonecanlift________.
A.that;
itB.as;
itC.which;
thatD.that;
which
热点6代表整个句子的关系代词有as和which
▲区别:
☆as引导非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前又可在主句后,有时还可插在主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句,只能置于主句之后。
☆as常常有“正如,如同”之意,而which无此意。
⑴_________isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.itB.thatC.asD.which
(2)Hedidn’tstudyhardandfailedtopasstheexam,_________madehisparentsdisappointed.
A.itB.thatC.asD.which
热点7定语从句与名词性从句
定语从句与同位语从句之别:
定语从句的先行词即名词或代词在从句中做成分,且从句对此词起修饰限制的作用,同位语从句解释说明的那个名词在从句中不做成分.
⑴Thenews____________hetoldmeistrue.
⑵Thenews____________hewaselectedpresidentistrue.
▲⑴__________weallknow,hehasbeenadmittedintoQinghaiuniversity.
____________isknowntousall,hehasbeenadmittedintoQinghaiuniversity.
____________isknowntousallthathehasbeenadmittedintoQinghaiuniversity.
____________isknowntousallisthathehasbeenadmittedintoQinghaiuniversity.
热点8定语从句与强调句型
⑴—Wheredidyougettoknowher?
—Itwasonthefarm___________weworked.
A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where
⑵Itwasinthepark_theyfirstmet_thecoupleseparated.
thatB.which;
thatC.where;
thatD.that;
where
热点9定语从句与并列句
⑴InBarcelonatheChineseteamgot16goldmedals,12of___________werewonbywomen.
⑵InBarcelonatheChineseteamgot16goldmedals,and12of___________werewonbywomen.
六、高考真题
【2012全国卷II】Thatevening,_____Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedup
workingverylate.
A.that B.which C.what D.when
【2012安徽】Alotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,is
happeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildren
duringthatperiod.
A.asB.itC.whichD.this
【2012重庆】Salesdirectorisaposition______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
【2012北京】Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas,hewould
forgetallabouteatingorsleeping.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
【2012福建】Theairqualityinthecity,_____isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.
A.thatB.itC.asD.what
【2012陕西】Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,____hassurprisedusall.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
【2012山东】Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof___havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.
A.themB.thatC.whichD.what
【2012湖南】Careofthesoulisagradualprocess____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.
A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich
【2012天津】IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without______helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
【2012江西】By16:
30,______wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.
A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that
【2012四川】Inourclassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.
A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem
【2012浙江】Weliveinanage______moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.
A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich
【2012浙江】Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom
【2012江苏】Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,____urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what
【2011全国卷I】Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.
A.thatB.whichC.w
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