4AmericanLiteratureWord文件下载.docx
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4AmericanLiteratureWord文件下载.docx
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3.FenimoreCooper
TheSpy------anexcitingstoryofespionageinNewYorkduringtheRevolution
WorksThePioneers------Cooperhithisstrideasanauthor
TheLeather-stockingTalesTheLastoftheMohicans
ThePrairie
ThePathfinder
TheDeerslayer
TheAmericanDemocrat-----CoopercontinuedhisexaminationofAmericancivilizationinamoredirectfashion
4.EdgarAllanPoe
a.Introduction:
Thegreatestsouthernwriterinpre-CivilWarAmerican;
themasterofthetightlywoundtaleofpsychologicalhorror;
heinventedthedetectivestorywithhisdetective-hero,Dupin,foreshadowingSherlockHolmes;
hedevelopedatheoryofpoeticcompositionwhichemphasizedtightnessofformandunityoftone.
b.Works:
TheFalloftheHouseofUsher,WilliamWilson,ThePitandthePendulum
Wiki:
anAmericanauthor,poet,editorandliterarycritic,consideredpartoftheAmericanRomanticMovement…Hewasthefirstwell-knownAmericanwritertotrytoearnalivingthroughwritingalone,resultinginafinanciallydifficultlifeandcareer.
*Yetin19thcenturywhenPoewasaresidentofNewYork,thetrueliteraryheartofAmericanwasasmalltown20milesnorthwestofBoston.NeverbeforehadConcord,Massachusetts,beenknownasanintellectualcommunity.NowitwasthehomeofRalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,and—foratime—ofNathanielHawthorne.
5.RalphWaldoEmerson-----19thcentury----“Knowthyself,”saidhe.“Everyheartvibratesto
thatironstring.”
Heemphasizedtheheartasthefontofallwisdom,andbelievedthepoweroftheindividualtocontrolhisownfate;
hewrotesuchessaysasNature,TheAmericanScholar,Self-Reliance,andExperience;
hewasalsoapoetandajournalkeeper.Hismostwell-knownpoemisConcordHymn.
Wiki:
anAmericanessayist,lecturer,andpoet,wholedtheTranscendentalistmovementofthemid-19thcentury.Hewasseenasachampionofindividualismandaprescientcriticofthecountervailingpressuresofsociety,andhedisseminatedhisthoughtsthroughdozensofpublishedessays
6.HenryDavidThoreau-----19thcentury
HewasoneoftheleadingfiguresintheintellectualcommunityofConcord,Massachusetts.CivilDisobedience------anessay;
insistedthatindividualprotestwasthemost
revolutionaryforceintheword
WorksWalden-----hisfinestwork;
therecordoftheexperiencewhenhelivedinWaldenPond
AWeekontheConcordandMerrimackRivers
TheMaineWoods
CapeCod
anAmericanauthor,poet,philosopher,abolitionist,etc.HeisbestknownforhisbookWalden,areflectionuponsimplelivinginnaturalsurroundings,andhisessayCivilDisobedience,anargumentforindividualresistancetocivilgovernmentinmoraloppositiontoanunjuststate
*EmersonandThoreauwerealsopoetsandjournalkeepers.Itwouldbehardtodecidewhichwriter’sjournalismorefascinatingdocument,forbothmenusedtheirjournalsasameansofconfessingtheirinnermostthoughts.ButinpoetryEmersonwasclearlythesuperiorartist.SuchpoemsasBrahmaandTheRhodoradedicatedlyobservethepresenceofGodinnature.EveryschoolboyknowsConcordHymn,Emerson’sstirringtributetotheminutemenofConcordwho“firedtheshotheardroundtheworld.”
7.Hawthorne-----19thcentury-----Americannovelistandshortstorywriter
ScarletLetter------oneofthegreatestAmericannovels
TheHouseofSvenGables
TheBlithedaleRomance
WorksMarbleFaun
Twice-ToldTales;
MossesfromanOldManse-----hisbest-knowncollections
AWonderBook;
TanglewoodTales-----booksforchildren
8.HermanMelville-----19thcentury
MobyDick------America`sgreatestseatale,whichwastobecomeoneofthemostfamousandmostdiscussedworksintheEnglishlanguage
Works
Typee;
Omoo-----wereexcitingadventurestoriesbasedontheauthor`sfirst-handexperienceoftheSouthSeas
Mardi-----introducedphilosophicalissuesconcerningthemoralnatureoftheuniverseintoastoryofachase;
warmedupforMobyDick
BillyBudd-----Melvilleexpressedboththetragedyoflife,andhisrenewedfaithinthebeautyandbasicstrengthandpowerofthehumanspirit
anAmericannovelist,shortstorywriter,essayist,andpoet.HeisbestknownforhisnovelMoby-Dick.Hisfirstthreebooksgainedmuchcontemporaryattention(thefirst,Typee,becameabestseller),butafterafast-bloomingliterarysuccessinthelate1840s,hispopularitydeclinedprecipitouslyinthemid-1850sandneverrecoveredduringhislifetime.
*CaliforniagaveMarkTwainhisliterarystart.TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty,Twain`sfirstsuccessasahumorist,wassetinaCaliforniaminingcamp
9.MarkTwain
TwainwasthoroughlyAmerican.Hischaracter`sspeech,ideas,andbehaviorborrowedlittlefromEuropeanmodels.Hewasbasicallyserousandamasterofsatire,andhegaveasharpcommentaryonAmericansociety.
TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty------firstsuccessasahumorist
RoughingIt
WorksbookssetofEuropeTheInnocentAbroad
ThePrinceandThePauper
AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur`sCourt
TheAdventuresofTomSawyer
LifeontheMississippi
TheadventuresofHuckleberryFinn
TheMysteriousStranger-----hislastbook;
portraysthedestructionoftheuniverse
anAmericanauthorandhumorist.HeisnotedforhisnovelTheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876)anditssequel,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1885),thelatteroftencalled"
theGreatAmericanNovel."
Hewaslaudedasthe"
greatestAmericanhumoristofhisage,”andWilliamFaulknercalledTwain"
thefatherofAmericanliterature."
10.EmilyDickinson:
a.Dickinson`spoetrymixedgaietyandgloom.
b.Thesubjectofherpoemsareexoticthingsandplacesaswellasthingscloseathand
c.Thepoetwasfascinatedbylife,butshealsotalkedmuchaboutdeathinherpoems
d.Almostallofherpoemsarebrief,butshepackedanemotionalchargeofsurprisingforce
11.HenryJames
a.oneofthemostdistinguishednovelistofthepost-CivilWarera
b.heexcelledatinternationalnovelsandstoriesaboutAmericanslivinginEurope.BooksofthisThemeareTheAmerican,DaisyMiller,andThePortraitofaLady
c.Hiswritingfocusedonthepsychologyofhischaracters-thatistheirthoughtsandemotions.
12.WilliamDeanHowells
Arealist;
hismainaimwastogiveatruepictureofordinary,everydaylife,suchasAModernInstance,TheRiseofSilasLapham;
healsowriteUtopiannovels.
*Beatgeneration(implement):
membersofthegenerationthatcametomaturityinthe1950s,whoserejectionofthesocialandpoliticalsystemsoftheWestwasexpressedthroughcontemptforregularwork,possessions,traditionaldress,etc,andespousalofanarchism,communalliving,drugs,etc
13.Twonaturalists------toportraymanandhisenvironmentinacoldlyobjectiveand
scientificmanner
a.
StephenCraneMaggie:
AGirloftheStreets----hisfirstnovel
TheRedBadgeofCourage-----hisfinestbook
b.
FrankNorrisMcTeague-----anunforgettablestoryofhowthegreedforgoldleada
SanFranciscodentistandhiswifetodestruction
TheEpicoftheWheat(atrilogy)TheOctopus
ThePit
14.HenryAdams-----writeroflater19thand20thcenturies
a.Hespentmostofhislifeseekingorderinwhatheconsideredaworldofchaos
b.TwoofhisbooksareTheEducationofHenryAdamsandMont-saint-MichelandChartresinwhichheforecasttroubleinthe20thcentury.
15.TheodoreDreiser
a.HebelongtotheChicagogroupofwriterswhowereactivebeforeandfollowingWorldWarI
b.Hisaimofwritingwastodescribelifeasitwas
c.HisfirstbookwasSisterCarrieandhisfinestAnAmericanTragedy
16.SherwoodAnderson
b.InfluencedbySigmundFreudandothers`psychologicaltheoriesheexaminedtheprivateproblemsofsmall-townMiddleWesternersinWinesburg,Ohioandotherbooks
17.SinclairLewis-----20thcentury
a.ThefirstAmericanwrithertowintheNobelprizeforliterature
b.Hefocusedonphotographingsmall-townMiddleWesternlife
c.Hismajorworksarethoseofsatire:
MainStreet,NabbittandElmerGantry
18.EdithWharton
TheHouseofMirth,TheAgeofInnocence,EthanFrome
19.EllenGlasgow
TheBattleground,BarrenGround,VeinofIron
20.O.Henry-----WilliamSydneyPorter
a.Atremendouslypopularwriterintheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury
b.Hewroteshortstoriesaboutpeoplefromeverywalkoflife.ManyofthestoriesendedwithanunexpectedtwistthathassomecometobecalledtheO.Henryending
c.HismostfamousstoryiscalledTheGift
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