美国文学选读马克吐温Word文档格式.docx
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美国文学选读马克吐温Word文档格式.docx
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5)AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt
亚瑟王宫廷中的美国佬
6)TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn
7)RoughingIt(含辛茹苦)
8)LifeontheMississippi
lateworks:
1)TheTragedyofPudd‟nheadWilson(傻瓜威尔逊)
2)TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg
败坏了的赫德莱堡的人
Briefintroduction
●ThecelebratedHumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty
"
TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty"
isan1865shortstorybyMarkTwain.Itwashisfirstgreatsuccessasawriterandbroughthimnationalattention.Thestoryhasalsobeenpublishedas"
JimSmileyandHisJumpingFrog"
(itsoriginaltitle)and"
TheNotoriousJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty"
.Init,thenarratorretellsastoryheheardfromabartender,SimonWheeler,attheAngelsHotelinAngelsCamp,California,aboutthegamblerJimSmiley.Thenarratordescribeshim:
"
Ifheevenseenastraddlebugstarttogoanywheres,hewouldbetyouhowlongitwouldtakehimtogettowhereverhegoingto,andifyoutookhimup,hewouldfollerthatstraddlebugtoMexicobutwhathewouldfindoutwherehewasboundforandhowlonghewasontheroad."
TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty,andOtherSketchesisalsothetitlestoryofan1867collectionofshortstoriesbyMarkTwain.ItwasTwain'
sfirstbookandcollected27storiesthatwerepreviouslypublishedinmagazinesandnewspapers.
●TheInnocentsAbroad
TheInnocentsAbroad,orTheNewPilgrims'
ProgressisatravelbookbyAmericanauthorMarkTwain,publishedin1869,whichhumorouslychronicleswhatTwaincalledhis"
GreatPleasureExcursion"
onboardthecharteredvesselQuakerCity(formerlyUSSQuakerCity),throughEuropeandtheHolyLand,withagroupofAmericantravelersin1867.Itwasthebest-sellingofTwain'
sworksduringhislifetime,aswellasoneofthebest-sellingtravelbooksofalltime.Amajorthemeofthebook,insofarasabookcanhaveathemewhenassembledandrevisedfromthenewspapercolumnsTwainsentbacktoAmericaasthejourneyprogressed,isthatoftheconflictbetweenhistoryandthemodernworld;
thenarratorcontinuallyencounterspettyprofiteeringandtrivializationsofhistoryashejourneys,aswellasastrangeemphasisplacedonparticularpastevents,andiseitheroutraged,puzzled,orboredbytheencounter.OneexamplecanbefoundinthesequenceduringwhichtheboathasstoppedatGibraltar.Onshore,thenarratorencountersseeminglydozensofpeopleintentonregalinghim,andeveryoneelse,withablandandpointlessanecdoteconcerninghowaparticularhillnearbyacquireditsname,heedlessofthefactthattheanecdoteis,indeed,bland,pointless,andentirelytoorepetitive.AnotherexamplemaybefoundinthediscussionofthestoryofAbelardandHeloise,wheretheskepticalAmericandeconstructsthestoryandcomestotheconclusionthatfartoomuchfusshasbeenmadeaboutthetwolovers.Onlywhentheshipreachesareasoftheworldthatdonotexploitforprofitorborepassers-bywithinexplicableinterestintheirhistory,suchasthepassagedealingwiththeship'
stimeattheCanaryIslands,isthisattitudenotfoundinthetext.
●TheGildedAge
TheGildedAgeinUnitedStateshistoryisthelate19thcentury,fromthe1870stoabout1900.Thetermforthisperiodcameintouseinthe1920sand30sandwasderivedfromwriterMarkTwain'
s1873TheGildedAge:
ATaleofToday,whichsatirizedaneraofserioussocialproblemsmaskedbyathingoldgilding.TheearlyhalfoftheGildedAgeroughlycoincidedwiththemiddleportionoftheVictorianerainBritainandBelleÉ
poqueinFrance.ItwasprecededbytheReconstructionErathatendedin1877andwassucceededbytheProgressiveErathatbeganinthe1890s.TheGildedAgewasaneraofrapideconomicgrowth,especiallyintheNorthandWest.AsAmericanwagesweremuchhigherthanthoseinEurope,especiallyforskilledworkers,theperiodsawaninfluxofmillionsofEuropeanimmigrants.Therapidexpansionofindustrializationledtorealwagegrowthof60%between1860and1890,spreadacrosstheever-increasinglaborforce.Theaverageannualwageperindustrialworker(includingmen,womenandchildren)rosefrom$380in1880to$564in1890,againof48%.However,theGildedAgewasalsoaneraofabjectpovertyandinequalityasmillionsofimmigrants—manyfromimpoverishedEuropeannations—pouredintotheUnitedStates,andthehighconcentrationofwealthbecamemorevisibleandcontentious.
●AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt
thenarrator—impliedtobeTwainhimself—describesmeetingthetitlecharacteratWarwickCastle,drawnbyhis"
candidsimplicity,hismarvelousfamiliaritywithancientarmor,andtherestfulnessofhiscompany"
(0.1).TheYankee(a.k.a.Hank)askshimifheknowsanythingaboutthetransmigrationofsouls—kindofaweirdquestionforsomeoneyou'
vejustmet,right?
Thenarratorsaysthathedoesn'
t.TheYankeedepartsandthenarratoravoidsboredombyreadingMalory(bigmistake),takinginastoryaboutSirLauncelotkillingtwogiants.Asthenarratorsetsthebookdown,hehearsaknockatthedoor.It'
stheYankee.Thenarratorsitshimdown,andloosenshistonguewithcopiousamountsofboozetogethimtotellhisstory.TheYankeesaysthathewasbornandraisedinHartford,andthatheworkedastheheadsuperintendentofanarmsfactory.Hecouldmakenearlyanythingoutofmetal,includinggunsandcomplexmachinery.Oneday,duringafightwithoneoftheworkersnamedHercules,hegothitintheheadwithacrowbar.Um…serveshimrightforpickingafightwithaguynamedHercules.Anyway,Hankpassedoutandwhenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfsittingunderanoaktreeinthecountryside.nightonhorsebacktookhimcaptiveandledhimtoCamelot—turnsoutHankhadbeentransportedthirteencenturiesbackintime.Backinthepresent,theYankeestartstonodoff,sohegivesthenarratorhisjournaltoread.
●TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn
isaSequencetoTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.ThestorytakesplacealongtheMississippiRiverbeforetheCivilWarintheUnitedStates,around1850.Alongtheriverfloatsasmallraft,withtwopeopleonit:
One
isanignorant,uneducatedblackslavenamedJimandtheotherislittleuneducatedoutcastwhiteboyabouttheageof13,calledHuckleberryFinnorHuckFinn.ItisaSequencetoTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.ThestorytakesplacealongtheMississippiRiverbeforetheCivilWarintheUnitedStates,around1850.Alongtheriverfloatsasmallraft,withtwopeopleonit:
Oneisanignorant,uneducatedblackslavenamedJimandtheotherislittleuneducatedoutcastwhiteboyabouttheageof13,calledHuckleberryFinnorHuckFinn.
●TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg
ChapterI
Hadleyburgenjoysthereputationofbeingan"
incorruptible"
townknownforitsresponsible,honestpeoplethataretrainedtoavoidtemptation.However,atsomepointthepeopleofHadleyburgmanagetooffendapassingstranger,andhevowstogethisrevengebycorruptingthetown.Thestranger'
splancentersaroundasackofgold(wortharound$40,000)hedropsoffinHadleyburgatthehouseofMr.andMrs.Richards,tobegiventoamaninthetownwhopurportedlygavehimsomelife-changingadvice(and20dollarsinatimeofneed)longago.Toidentifytheman,aletterwiththesacksuggeststhatanyonewhoclaimstoknowwhattheadvicewasshouldwritetheremarkdownandsubmitittoReverendBurgess,whowillopenthesackatapublicmeetingandfindtheactualremarkinside.Newsofthemysterioussackofgoldspreadsthroughoutthetownandevengainsattentionacrossthecountry.
ChapterII
TheresidentsbeamwithprideasstoriesofthesackandHadleyburg'
shonestyspreadthroughoutthenation,butthemoodsoonchanges.Initiallyreluctanttogiveintothetemptationofthegold,sooneventhemostupstandingcitizensaretryingtoguesstheremark.Mr.andMrs.Richards,oneofthetown'
s19modelcouples,receivealetterfromastrangerrevealingtheremark:
Youarefarfrombeingabadman:
go,andreform"
.Mrs.Richardsisecstaticthattheywillbeabletoclaimthegold.Unbeknownsttooneanother,all19coupleshavereceivedexactlythesameletter.TheysubmittheirclaimstoBurgessandbegintorecklesslypurchasethingsoncreditinanticipationoftheirfuturewealth.
ChapterIII
Thetownhallmeetingtodecidetherightfulownerofthesackarrives,anditispackedwithresidents,outsiders,andreporters.Burgessreadsthefirsttwoclaims,andadisputequicklyarisesbetweentwomembersofthetown,"
Shadbelly"
BillsonandLawyerWilson.Bothoftheirletterscontainnearlythesameremark.Tosettlewhichisright,Burgesscutsopenthesackandfindsthenotethatrevealsthefullremark:
Youarefarfrombeingabadman—go,andreform—or,markmywords—someday,foryoursinsyouwilldieandgotohellorHadleyburg—tryandmakeittheformer"
.Neitherman'
sclaimincludesthesecondhalfofremark.
Thenextclaimreadsthesame,andthetownhallburstsintolaughterattheobviousdishonestybehindtheidentical,incorrectclaims.Burgesscontinuestoreadtherestoftheclaims,allwiththesameremark,andonebyonetheprominentcouplesofthetownarepubliclyshamed.Mr.andMrs.Richardsawaittheirnamewithanguish,butsurprisinglyitisneverread.Withalltheclaimspresented,anothernoteinthesackisopened.Itrevealsthestranger'
splotandhisdesireforrevenge.HesaysthatitwasfoolishforthecitizensofHadleyburgtoalwaysavoidtemptation,becauseitiseasytocorruptthosewhohaveneverhadtheirresolvetested.Itisdiscovered
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