英文文献翻译终稿文档格式.docx
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英文文献翻译终稿文档格式.docx
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指导教师
王文征
TheBigSecretofDealingwithPeople
DaleCarnegie
Thereisonlyonewayunderhighheaventogetanybodytodoanything.Didyoueverstoptothinkofthat?
Yes,justoneway.Andthatisbymakingtheotherpersonwanttodoit.
Remember,thereisnootherway.
Ofcourse,youcanmakesomeonewanttogiveyouhiswatchbystickingarevolverinhisribs.Youcanmakeyouremployeesgiveyoucooperation-untilyourbackisturned-bythreateningtofirethem.Youcanmakeachilddowhatyouwantittodobyawhiporathreat.Butthesecrudemethodshavesharplyundesirablerepercussions.
TheonlywayIcangetyoutodoanythingisbygivingyouwhatyouwant.
Whatdoyouwant?
SigmundFreudsaidthateverythingyouandIdospringsfromtwomotives:
thesexurgeandthedesiretobegreat.
JohnDewey,oneofAmerica’smostprofoundphilosophers,phraseditabitdifferently.Dr.Dewey,saidthatthedeepesturgeinhumannatureis“thedesiretobeimportant.”Rememberthatphrase:
“thedesiretobeimportant.”Itissignificant.Youaregoingtohearalotaboutitinthisbook.Whatdoyouwant?
Notmanythings,butthefewthatyoudowish,youcravewithaninsistencethatwillnotbedenied.Someofthethingsmostpeoplewantinclude:
1.Healthandthepreservationoflife.
2.Food.
3.Sleep.
4.Moneyandthethingsmoneywillbuy.
5.Lifeinthehereafter.
6.Sexualgratification.
7.Thewell–beingofourchildren.
8.Afeelingofimportance.
Almostallthesewantsareusuallygratified–allexceptone.Butthereisonelonging–almostasdeep,almostasimperious,asthedesireforfoodorsleep–whichisseldomgratified.ItiswhatFreudcalls“thedesiretobegreat.”ItiswhatDeweycallsthe“desiretobeimportant.”Lincolnoncebeganalettersaying:
“Everybodylikesacompliment.”WilliamJamessaid:
“Thedeepestprincipleinhumannatureisthecravingtobeappreciated.”Hedidn’tspeak,mindyou,ofthe“wish”orthe“desire”orthe“longing”tobeappreciated.Hesaidthe“craving”tobeappreciated.
Hereisagnawingandunfalteringhumanhunger,andtherareindividualwhohonestlysatisfiesthishearthungerwillholdpeopleinthepalmofhisorherhandand“eventheundertakerwillbesorrywhenhedies.”
Thedesireforafeelingofimportanceisoneofthechiefdistinguishingdifferencesbetweenmankindandtheanimals.Toillustrate:
WhenIwasafarmboyoutinMissouri,myfatherbredfineDuroc–Jerseyhogsandpedigreedwhite–facedcattle.Weusedtoexhibitourhogsandwhite–facedcattleatthecountryfairsandlive–stockshowsthroughouttheMiddleWest.Wewonfirstprizesbythescore.Myfatherpinnedhisblueribbonsonasheetofwhitemuslin,andwhenfriendsofvisitorscametothehouse,hewouldgetoutthelongsheetofmuslin.HewouldholdoneendandIwouldholdtheotherwhileheexhibitedtheblueribbons.
Thehogsdidn’tcareabouttheribbonstheyhadwon.ButFatherdid.Theseprizesgavehimafeelingofimportance.
Ifourancestorshadn’thadthisflamingurgeforafeelingofimportance,civilizationwouldhavebeenimpossible.Withoutit,weshouldhavebeenjustaboutlikeanimals.
Itwasthisdesireforafeelingofimportancethatledanuneducated,poverty–strickengroceryclerktostudysomelawbookshefoundinthebottomofabarrelofhouseholdplunderthathehadboughtforfiftycents.Youhaveprobablyheardofthisgroceryclerk.HisnamewasLincoln.
ItwasthisdesireforafeelingofimportancethatinspiredDickenstowritehisimmortalnovels.ThisdesireinspiredSirChristopherWrentodesignhissymphoniesinstone.ThisdesiremadeRockefelleramassmillionsthatheneverspent!
Andthissamedesiremadetherichestfamilyinyourtownbuildahousefartoolargeforitsrequirements.
Thisdesiremakesyouwanttowearthelateststyles,drivethelatestcars,andtalkaboutyourbrilliantchildren.
Itisthisdesirethatluresmanyboysandgirlsintojoininggangsandengagingincriminalactivities.Theaverageyoungcriminal,accordingtoE.P.Mulrooney,onetimepolicecommissionerofNewYork,isfilledwithego,andhisfirstrequestafterarrestisforthoseluridnewspapersthatmakehimoutahero.Thedisagreeableprospectofservingtimeseemsremotesolongashecangloatoverhislikenesssharingspacewithpicturesofsportsfigures,movieandTVstarsandpoliticians.
Thedifferencebetweenappreciationandflattery?
Thatissimple.Oneissincereandtheotherinsincere.Onecomesfromtheheartout;
theotherfromtheteethout.Oneisunselfish;
theotherselfish.Oneisuniversallyadmired;
theotheruniversallycondemned.
IrecentlysawabustofMexicanheroGeneralAlvaroObregonintheChapultepecpalaceinMexicoCity.BelowthebustarecarvedthesewisewordsfromGeneralObregon’sphilosophy:
“Don’tbeafraidofenemieswhoattackyou.Beafraidofthefriendswhoflatteryou.”
No!
No!
Iamnotsuggestingflattery!
Farfromit.I’mtalkingaboutanewwayoflife.Letmerepeat.Iamtalkingaboutanewwayoflife.
KingGeorgeVhadasetofsixmaximsdisplayedonthewallsofhisstudyatBuckinghamPalace.Oneofthesemaximssaid:
“Teachmeneithertoproffernorreceivecheappraise.”That’sallflatteryis–cheappraise.Ioncereadadefinitionofflatterythatmaybeworthrepeating:
“Flatteryistellingtheotherpersonpreciselywhathethinksabouthimself.”
“Usewhatlanguageyouwill,”saidRalphWaldoEmerson,“youcanneversayanythingbutwhatyouare.”
Ifallwehadtodowasflatter,everybodywouldcatchonandweshouldallbeexpertsinhumanrelations.
Whenwearenotengagedinthinkingaboutsomedefiniteproblem,weusuallyspendabout95percentofourtimethinkingaboutourselves.Now,ifweshopthinkingaboutourselvesforawhileandbegintothinkoftheotherperson’sgoodpoints,wewon’thavetoresorttoflatterysocheapandfalsethatitcanbespottedalmostbeforeitisoutofthemouth.
Oneofthemostneglectedvirtuesofoutdailyexistenceisappreciation.Somehow,weneglecttopraiseoursonordaughterwhenheorshebringshomeagoodreportcard,andwefailtoencourageourchildrenwhentheyfirstsucceedinbakingacakeorbuildingabirdhouse.Nothingpleaseschildrenmorethanthiskindofparentalinterestandapproval.
Thenexttimeyouenjoyfiletmignonattheclub,sendwordtothechefthatitwasexcellentlyprepared,andwhenatiredsalespersonshowsyouunusualcourtesy,pleasementionit.
Everyminister,lecturerandpublicspeakerknowsthediscouragementofpouringhimselforherselfouttoanaudienceandnotreceivingasinglerippleofappreciativecomment.Whatappliestoprofessionalsappliesdoublytoworkersinoffices,shopsandfactoriesandourfamiliesandfriends.Inourinterpersonalrelationsweshouldneverforgetthatallourassociatesarehumanbeingsandhungerforappreciation.Itisthelegaltenderthatallsoulsenjoy.
Tryleavingafriendlytrailoflittlesparksofgratitudeonyourdailytrips.Youwillbesurprisedhowtheywillsetsmallflamesoffriendshipthatwillberosebeaconsonyournextvisit.PamelaDunhamofNewFairfield,Connecticut,hadamongherresponsibilitiesonherjobthesupervisionofajanitorwhowasdoingaverypoorjob.Theotheremployeeswouldjeerathimandlitterthehallwaystoshowhimwhatabadjobhewasdoing.Itwassobad,productivetimewasbeinglostintheshop.
Withoutsuccess,Pamtriedvariouswaystomotivatethisperson.Shenoticedthatoccasionallyhedidaparticularlygoodpieceofwork.Shemadeapointtopraisehimforitinfrontoftheotherpeople.Eachdaythejobhedidallaroundgotbetter,andprettysoonhestarteddoingallhisworkefficiently.Nowhedoesanexcellentjobandotherpeoplegivehimappreciationandrecognition.Honestappreciationgotresultswherecriticismandridiculefailed.
Hurtingpeoplenotonlydoesnotchangethem,itisnevercalledfor.ThereisanoldsayingthatIhavecutoutandpastedonmymirrorwhereIcannothelpbutseeiteveryday:
Ishallpassthiswaybutonce;
anygoodtherefore,thatIcandooranykindnessthatIcanshowtoanyhumanbeing,letmedoitnow.Letmenotdefernorneglectit,forIshallnotpassthiswayagain.
Emersonsaid:
“EverymanImeetismysuperiorinsomeway.Inthat,Ilearnofhim.”
IfthatwastrueofEmerson,isn’titlikelytobeathousandtimesmoretrueofyouandme?
Let’sceasethinkingofouraccomplishments,ourwants.Let’strytofigureourotherperson’sgoodpoints.Thenforgetflattery.Givehonest,sincereappreciation.Be“heartyinyourapprobationandlavishinyourpraise,”andpeoplewillcherishyourwordsandtreasurethemandrepeatthemoveralifetime–repeatthemyearsafteryouhaveforgottenthem.
From:
DaleCarnegie.HowToStopWorryingAndStartLiving[M].Beijing:
ChinaMaterialPress,2005.
和人交往的一大秘诀
戴尔·
卡耐基
天底下只有一个方法,可以让任何一个人去做任何一件事。
你曾经停下来去想过这件事吗?
是的,只有这一个方法。
那就是让人想去做这件事。
记住,再没有别的办法。
当然,你可以用左轮手枪顶住一个人的肋部,让他愿意把表给你。
你转身之前,可以通过威胁解雇的方法,让员工和你合作。
你可以通过鞭打或恫吓,让一个孩做你想让他做的事。
但是,这些粗鲁的方法都有令人不快的强烈反应。
我能让你去做任何事情的唯一方法,就是把你想要的东西给你。
你想要什么呢?
西格蒙德·
弗洛伊德说过,你我做的一切都源自两种动机:
性冲动和成为伟人的欲望。
美国最渊博的哲学家之一约翰·
杜威措辞稍微不同。
杜威博士说,人性中最深层的冲动是“成为显要的欲望”。
记住“成为显要的欲望”这个措辞。
这值得注意。
你会从这本书中得很多有关这句话的内容。
你想要什么?
东西并不是很多,但确实是你想要的几种东西,你坚持想要,这不可否认。
大多数人都想要的一些东西包括:
1.健康与生命保障。
2.食物。
3.睡眠。
4.金钱和金钱能买到的东西。
5.今后人生。
6.性满足。
7.子女幸福。
8.显要感。
除了其中一个,几乎所有这些需要常常都能得到满足。
但是,有一种渴望,几乎像食物或睡眠一样,既深刻又迫切,很少能得到满足。
这就是弗洛伊德所谓的“成为伟人的欲望”。
也就是杜威所谓的“成为显要的欲望”。
有一次,林肯写信开头就说:
“每个人都喜欢受到称赞。
”威廉·
詹姆斯说:
“人性中最深刻的准则就是迫切需要得到赏识。
”请你注意,他不是说“希望”、“欲望”、或“渴望”,而是说“迫切需要”得到赏识。
这是一个令人痛苦、坚定不移的人性渴望,而且只有极少数确实能满
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