园林考研-园林理论.doc
- 文档编号:773286
- 上传时间:2023-04-30
- 格式:DOC
- 页数:22
- 大小:1,014KB
园林考研-园林理论.doc
《园林考研-园林理论.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《园林考研-园林理论.doc(22页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
relationshipbetweenGovernmentandbusiness.The"twosessions",GeneralSecretaryof"Pro","clear"thewordsuccinctlysummarizedthenewrelationshipbetweenGovernmentandbusiness,aspurepolitics,reshapingthepoliticalrelationshipspecifiedinthedirection.Districtleadersinhandlingpoliticalandbusinessrelations,engageintradingpowerformoney,andfinallystumbled,wealesson,alwayskeepinmindthat"Pro","clean"practicing"Pro","clear"."Pro"istoopenasincereengagementwithprivateenterprisetohelpsolvepracticaldifficulties;"Clear"istoclarifytheDivisionofpower,exercisedinaccordancewith,privateentrepreneurswithinnocentpurity,notabusingpowerforpersonalgain,nottoengageintradingpowerformoney.Third,inordertomaintainfairnessandjustice.Fairnessandjusticeisthelifelineoftheruleoflaw,isthebestdevelopmentenvironment.Currently,laxlawenforcementandthejudicialsectorinourregionalsoexisttovaryingdegrees,lawenforcementdepartmentsandindividualwindowunitspowerforpersonalgainsandbribes,thickfriends,relations,humancases,moneycasesinwhichseriouslyinfringeonthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofenterprisesandpeople.Especiallysomelawenforcementandinspectionforprofitpurposes,deliberatelylookingforcorporateloopholes,founddirectlyundertheticketdoesnotgivebusinessimprovementopportunities.Werecruitacompanydoesn'teasily,cultivatingabusinessmoredifficult,neverforpersonalgain,systematicharassment,card,lastcheckedtochecktogettheenterprisecollapsed.Toguaranteethelegitimaterightsandinterests.Alwaysproceedfromtheoverallsituationofreformanddevelopmentofservices,fullyconsiderthecharacteristicsofproductionandmanagementinnon-publicenterprisesandsocialbenefits,anaccurategraspoflegallimits,protecttheenthusiasmofentrepreneursandpractitionersininnovationandentrepreneurship,enhancingexpectationsandconfidence.Topromotestrictenforcement.Strengtheninglawenforcementprocedures,improvelawenforcementperformanceevaluation,strengtheningthesupervisionoflawenforcement,explorationandpracticeofriskcontrolmechanismoflawenforcementtofurtherstandardizethesocialsecurity,urbanmanagement,roadtrafficadministrativelawenforcement,effectivelyfree,extensivelaw-enforcementandlaxenforcementoflawenforcementandotherissues.Toupholdjustice.JusticeisthelastlineofDefensetosafeguardfairnessandjustice,tounequivocallysupportthecourtsandprocuratoratesindependentlyexerciselevel...Judicialactivitieswererampant,mustnotbeallowedtorun,favors,money,mustnotbeallowedtoknowinglyviolatethemiscarriage,violationsofthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofthemassesmustnotbeallowedtoabuseofpower,tomakeforestmasscanbefeltineveryjudicialcasesinequityandjustice.Fourtodeepengrass-rootsgovernanceaccordingtolawchaindolong,andputscalebig.Toservethedevelopmentofenterprises.Duocuosimultaneouslyimprovingserviceefficiency,buildbetterpublicservicesplatform,enhanceworkefficiency,initiativetohelpbusinessessolvetheprojectprocedures,financingloans,issuessuchasland-useapproval,reduceoperatingcosts,businesstravellightandenhancetheconfidencetoovercomeallkindsofdifficultiesandtheFoundation,realentrepreneurialpassionplayentrepreneurship,enhancetheinternalvitalityandcreativity.SIXINGanconstruction,promotingtheruleoflaw,triestomakethetransformationofforestdevelopmentXIGeneralSecretarystressed,toreinvigorateNortheastChina,optimizeddevelopmentenvironmentisveryimportant.EnvironmentofruleoflawmostgatherMoss,themostconducivetodevelopment.Improvingtheleadingcadres'usingthemethodofthoughtandtheruleoflawAdministrationwork,problem-solving,theabilitytopromotethedevelopment,isthekeytopromotingtheruleoflaw.Thelawmayaffecttheefficiencyofoutofthepathofdevelopmentwillbemoresmooth,wondevelopmentgainswillbesustained,andendwithgreaterefficiency.Leadingcadresatalllevelsshouldtaketheleadinrespectoflawlaw,abideby,andactivelyfosterSocialistculture,activelypromotingthefieldofmulti-levelgovernanceaccordingtolaw,guidethemassesandconsciouslyabidebythelaw,failingtofindlaw,solvetheproblembylaw,inaccordancewiththelawprevail.XXXadministrationbylawofleadingcadresdonotexistontheruleoflaw,lawenforcement,casual,andvownottoinvestors,thenewscoresandotherturmoil.Theseimportantexpositionsonmydistrictcreategooddevelopmentenvironmentwithhighlytargetedandguidance,especiallytheGeneralSecretarypointedoutthatthechaosinmyareaalsoexiststovaryingdegrees,someevenquiteserious.Leadingcadresatalllevelsmustimprovethedevelopmentenvironmentofruleoflawasafundamentaltask,adheretotheproblemoriented,solidandsolvetheproblemsintheconstructionofruleoflaw,toruletheneweffectfordevelopmentenvironmentimprovements.Tohold"keyminority".Leadersofthisgroup,althoughfewinnumber,buttheeffectiscritical.Ifalocalleaderstaketheleadrightaccordingtolaw,inaccordancewiththelaw,thelocalCPPCCfresh,pragmaticandefficientdevelopmentenvironment.Conversely,ifalocalleadersofignoringthelaw,impunity,notonlythepoliticalenvironmentwillbedestroyed,willhaveseriousimplicationsforthedevelopmentenvironment.Now,someleadingcadreslackofawarenessontheimportanceoflearning,thatlearnornotdoesnotmatter.Thinkefficiencyistoolowtoomuch,actaccordingtotheprocedure,thananexecutiveordergettingalongwith.Indealingwithcomplexissues,oftenspeakof"settling"and"done";ontheissueofhandlinglettersandvisits,liketospendmoneyandbuystopandstable,butdisregardthelawadministration,inaccordancewiththelaw,therulechaindolong,andputscalebig.Toservethedevelopmentofenterprises.Duocuosimultaneouslyimprovingserviceefficiency,buildbetterpublicservicesplatform,enhanceworkefficiency,initiativetohelpbusinessessolvetheprojectprocedures,financingloans,issuessuchasland-useapproval,reduceoperatingcosts,businesstravellightandenhancetheconfidencetoovercomeallkindsofdifficultiesandtheFoundation,realentrepreneurialpassionplayentrepreneurship,enhancetheinternalvitalityandcreativity.SIXINGanconstruction,promotingtheruleoflaw,triestomakethetransformationofforestdevelopmentXIGeneralSecretarystressed,toreinvigorateNortheastChina,optimizeddevelopmentenvironmentisveryimportant.EnvironmentofruleoflawmostgatherMoss,themostconducivetodevelopment.Improvingtheleadingcadres'usingthemethodofthoughtandtheruleoflawAdministrationwork,problem-solving,theabilitytopromotethedevelopment,isthekeytopromotingtheruleoflaw.Thelawmayaffecttheefficiencyofoutofthepathofdevelopmentwillbemoresmooth,wondevelopmentgainswillbesustained,andendwithgreaterefficiency.Leadingcadresatalllevelsshouldtaketheleadinrespectoflawlaw,abideby,andactivelyfosterSocialistculture,activelypromotingthefieldofmulti-levelgovernanceaccordingtolaw,guidethemassesandconsciouslyabidebythelaw,failingtofindlaw,solvetheproblembylaw,inaccordancewiththelawprevail.XXXadministrationbylawofleadingcadresdonotexistontheruleoflaw,lawenforcement,casual,andvownottoinvestors,thenewscoresandotherturmoil.Theseimportantexpositionsonmydistrictcreategooddevelopmentenvironmentwithhighlytargetedandguidance,especiallytheGeneralSecretarypointedoutthatthechaosinmyareaalsoexiststovaryingdegrees,someevenquiteserious.Leadingcadresatalllevelsmustimprovethedevelopmentenvironmentofruleoflawasafundamentaltask,adheretotheproblemoriented,solidandsolvetheproblemsintheconstructionofruleoflaw,toruletheneweffectfordevelopmentenvironmentimprovements.Tohold"keyminority".Leadersofthisgroup,althoughfewinnumber,buttheeffectiscritical.Ifalocalleaderstaketheleadrightaccordingtolaw,inaccordancewiththelaw,thelocalCPPCCfresh,pragmaticandefficientdevelopmentenvironment.Conversely,ifalocalleadersofignoringthelaw,impunity,notonlythepoliticalenvironmentwillbedestroyed,willhaveseriousimplicationsforthedevelopmentenvironment.Now,someleadingcadreslackofawarenessontheimportanceoflearning,thatlearnornotdoesnotmatter.Thinkefficiencyistoolowtoomuch,actaccordingtotheprocedure,thananexecutiveordergettingalongwith.Indealingwithcomplexissues,oftenspeakof"settling"and"done";ontheissueofhandlinglettersandvisits,liketospendmoneyandbuystopandstable,butdisregardthelawadministration,inaccordancewiththelaw,therule
西安建筑科技大学
2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题风景园林基础
一、简述题(共6题,每题15分,共90分)
1.结合你所熟悉的中国古典园林实例简要论述“理水”这一造园要素在园林中的作用及其具体的设计手法。
2.简要论述英国自然风景式园林的设计特点并分析其与中古典园林设计特点的区别。
特点:
在相地选址上,英国的国土景观十分优美,似乎整个自然就是一个大园林,稍加点缀,就是一片开阔宜人的园林景观。
自然起伏的丘陵,一望无际的牧场,与园中的的水面,草地,树丛,森林等自然景观融为一体;在园林布局上,也尽可能的避免与自然的直接冲突,更多的是运用弯曲的园路,自然式的树丛和草地,蜿蜒的河流,形成与园外的自然相融合的园林空间,彻底消除园林内外之间的景观界线,大片缓坡草地时主体,并一直延伸到府邸周围。
园内利用自然起伏的地形,一方面阻隔视线,一方面形成各具特色的景区。
在造园要素上,“哈哈墙”的运用,完全消除了园林与自然之间的界限。
使得园外的建筑,草地,羊群等都成为借景。
植物,在国土风貌和自然气候的影响下,树林草地成为其最具特色的植物景观。
在英国自然风景园中,除了一些通向建筑物的林荫大道外,树木不采用规式种植,为了与自然相融合,采用孤植,丛植,片植等形式。
水体,少有动水景观,而是自然形态的水池,构成水镜面般的效果。
自然式的河道,溪流也经过必要的处理,使其更加优美,更适合观赏。
建筑要素:
装饰性的建筑物,模仿古希腊,罗马等古代庙宇以及其他外来式样的纪念性小建筑。
英国自然风景园与中国古典园林的区别在于,它的创作思想主要是向大自然学习,模仿自然,再现自然,侧重于再现大自然的具体实感,而中国园林源于自然,高于自然,侧重表现主体对象的审美感受和因之而引起的审美感情。
2.简要论述赖特(FrankLloydWright
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 园林 考研 理论