四级写作高分技巧6优质PPT.ppt
- 文档编号:7716713
- 上传时间:2023-05-09
- 格式:PPT
- 页数:27
- 大小:87KB
四级写作高分技巧6优质PPT.ppt
《四级写作高分技巧6优质PPT.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《四级写作高分技巧6优质PPT.ppt(27页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
按这一范围可以想到不同形式的能源,例如:
Heat,light,electricity,radiowaves,ultravioletrays(紫外线),wind,nuclearenergy,lightning,sound其中,最为典型而且更为一般人所熟悉的应是heat,light和electricity,它们与人的生活息息相关,所以可以确定选用这些材料。
这些材料之间存在非常明显的并列关系。
如果说:
Heatisoneofthemanyformsofnaturalenergy.那么当然说:
Lightisanotherformofenergy.Electricityisstillanotherformofenergy.当然,扩展句若采用同一结构,简单堆砌,文章难免单调乏味。
可以适当堆砌对其中某一方面再作进一步补充说明;
也可以改变对其中某一点内容的措辞,句式再作些改变。
比如:
Anothercommonformofenergyislight.Thenthereiselectricity,whichisyetanothersortofenergy.对你已经收集到的其他素材,也可列出一二来对已选用的材料作少量补充,一笔带过,不必详细解释。
例如:
Otherformsofenergyincludesound,radiowavesandsoon.这样,一个既有充实材料支撑,又有连贯性的好段落就组成了:
Energyinnaturecomesinmanydifferentforms.Heatisoneformofenergy.Alotofheatenergycomesfromthesun.Lightisanotherformofenergy,whichislargelyfromthesunandfromthestars.Stillanotherformofenergyiselectricity.Andotherformsincludesound,wind,radiowavesandsoon.,再以主题句“ThereareseveralreasonswhyIlikeNewYorkCity.”为例看看如何把主题句扩展成一个段落。
该主题句中的关键词为severalreasons(WhyIlikeNewYorkCity).围绕它所限制的范围和方向,可以收集到的素材很多,例如:
cars,streets,shops,buildings,parks,squares,museums,concerts,Broadwayplays,films,restaurants,nightclubs,discotheques,culture,economy,industry,life,peopleinthecitybusy,attractive,beautiful,delightful,friendly,open-minded,colorful,advanced,modern,exciting,vigorous,fast-moving,对这些素材作分类和选择,根据写作的需要和作者自己对材料的熟悉程度,确定具有代表性的有价值的材料。
比如,可先作如下分类:
NewYorkisamoderncity-fast-movinglife,advancedindustry,vigorouseconomy,etc.NewYorkisabeautifulcity-attractivebuildings,parks,squares,etc.NewYorkisacolorfulcity-busystreets,shops,restaurants,concerts,culture,films,plays,nightclubs,discotheques,etc.4.PeopleinNewYorkCityarefriendly,open-minded,etc.,再根据写作实际需要,可选择以下材料:
NewYorkisamoderncity-LifeinNewYorkCityisfast-moving.NewYorkisabeautifulcity-Thereareattractivebuildings,parksandsquares.NewYorkisacolorfulcity-Therearethelatestfilms,andthenicestrestaurants,nightclubsanddiscotheques.PeopleinNewYorkCityarefriendlyandopen-minded.,然后再根据这些材料间存在的并列关系,用first,second,besides,finally等把它们组合在一起。
同时,也可以对其中某一方面进行强调。
强调时,可将欲强调的内容置于段落最后,也可以用especially等词。
例如,如果你特别喜欢纽约的人,则可把这一点置于其他各部分内容之前,或列在段落最后,也可以说:
IespeciallylikepeopleinNewYorkCity.最后,在组成一段时,还应注意对句式作适当改变。
组成的段落可以是这样的:
TherearefourmajorreasonswhyIlikeNewYorkCity.Firstofall,Ithinkitisabeautifulcity.Hereandthereyoucanseecharmingskyscrapersandattractiveparksandsquares.Second,Ireallyenjoythecolorfullifehere.Therearethelatestfilms,andthenicestrestaurants,nightclubsanddiscotheques.Moreover,NewYorkisamoderncitywithfast-movinglifeandvigorouseconomy.IespeciallylikepeopleinNewYorkCity.Theyarefriendlyandopen-minded.Andyoucanseepeoplefromalmosteverycorneroftheworldwhotourinthewonderfulcity.,Exercise,指出与下列主题句不符的扩展句:
Topicsentence:
Mymotherisakindandgentlewoman.A.Shetakesgoodcareofherchildren.B.Sheneverscoldsherchildrenloudly.C.Shegivesherchildreneverycomfort.D.Shesaveseverypennythatshecanandkeepseverythinginorder.,2.Topicsentence:
Urbanpeoplecanenjoyamorecomfortablelifethanruralones.Urbantrafficissowell-developedthaturbanitesoftenvisitexhibitionsandparks.Urbanpeoplecanbuywhattheywantatanytime.Lifeinthecityiscolorfulandexciting.D.Butairinthecityisnotsocleanasinthecountry.,3.Topicsentence:
TheissueofbusinessbeingconductedovertheInternetraisesimportantsecurityissues.A.CompaniesdoingbusinessovertheInternetmusthaveverysophisticatedsecuritymeasuresinplacesothatinformationsuchascreditcard,bandaccountant,andsocialsecuritynumberscannotbeaccessedbyunauthorizedusers.B.Similarlygovernmentfacilities,universitiesandinstitutionsmustensurethataccesstotheircomputersovertheInternetisstrictlyregulated.C.Theseproblems,however,canbesolvedthroughfurtherdevelopmentofcomputers.D.Soweshouldexcludecomputerfromourbusinessuntiltheseproblemsaresolved.,4.Topicsentence:
Intellectualproperty(知识产权)differsfromotherformsofproperty.A.Itisintangibleformofproperty.B.Mostformsofpropertyaretangible;
thatis,theycanbeseenandtouched.C.Mostintellectualpropertyrightexpire(期满终止)afteraspecifiedperiod.D.Intheworld,intellectualpropertyhasgainedincreasedprotectionwithadvancesintechnologyandinternationaltrade.,A.段落的构成c)结尾句,结尾句是对整个段落的论述进行归纳的句子。
它再现段落主题思想,使读者进一步加深对主题的认识。
当然,结尾句并非不可或缺;
有时结尾句就是主题句。
结尾句应做到以下三点:
1)在逻辑意义上,与主题句及整段思想内容一脉相承,保证段落的一致性。
2)在作用方面,它表示一段的结束,对主题作最后总结,把最重要的信息、观点留给读者,使其对主题有深刻而长久的印象。
3)在语言表达上,措辞不能是主题句的简单重复,应尽量对主题进行升华,加强表达的语气。
常可用inconclusion,finally等表示它与全段的联系,同时标识着就这一主题思想进行的叙述已经结束。
Musiccanberegardedasagoodlifetimecompanion.Goodmusichelpseaseourstrainedfeelings,turningdullmomentsintodelightfulones.Besides,throughmusic,wemayletoutouremotions.Somemaydance,andothersmaycry.Afterwards,however,ourmindswillbeatpeace.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatmusicaddsfuntoourlife.该段首先概述了“音乐影响我们的一生”这一主题思想,接着举出了“好的音乐能缓解我们紧张的情绪”,“音乐可以帮助我们宣泄感情,又能使我们心绪平静”等具体佐证材料,最后得出“音乐给我们生活带来欢乐”这一结论,进一步归纳和升华了主题思想。
全段一气呵成,紧凑自然,连贯统一。
SlaveryintheUnitedStatesexistedalmostunchangedfor250years.Duringthistime,mostslaveswerenotallowedtomarryortoraisefamilies.Usuallytheywerenotallowedtolearntoread.Itwasverydangerousforaslavetotravel,sinceevenfreeNegroescouldbekidnappedandsoldatanytime.Undertheseconditions,itwasalmostimpossibleforthemtoorganizetohelpeachother.该段主题句明确概述了段落主题思想:
在美国奴隶制几乎保持不变长达250年之久。
接着,扩展句部分列举了三个方面的事实。
结尾句在前文论述的基础上得出结论:
在那样的情况下,奴隶们几乎不可能组织起来去帮助彼此。
它在总结全段的同时,又升华了段落的主题思想,给读者新的启示。
Exercise,将下列句子重新排列成一个段落:
Asaresult,theyfailinexamsandcantgetcreditsfortheircourses.2)Participationinschoolactivitieshasalsodivertedtheattentionofmanystudentsfromtheirmostimportanttasktosomethingelse.3)Everyday,twohoursormoretimemayhavetobespentintraining,matchingandsoon,andmoneywillbeusedforfeessuchasadmissiontoclubs,equipmentforsports,etc.4)Itmayrequirestudentstospendalotoftimeandmoneyaswellasenergy.5)Participationinschoolactivitieshasseveraldisadvantages.Order:
5)4)3)2)1),Exercise,写一段话,扩展所给的主题思想:
Itisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotknowtheimportanceoftime.Therearemanywaysforstudentstogettoknowtheoutsideworld.Theoldhavedevotedalltheirlivestothesocietyandshouldbetreatedwithrespect.Whatmeasuresshouldoursocietytaketosolveproblemstheoldarefacedwith?
Itisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotknowtheimportanceoftime.Theyspendtheirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandgambling.Theydonotrealizethatwastingtimeisequaltowastingapartoftheirvaluablelife.,Therearemanywaysforstudentstogettoknowtheoutsideworld.First,theycanknowtheworldfrommassmedia,suchasnewspapers,TV,radio,magazinesandadvertisements,whichprovideinformationaboutpoliticalevents,socialnews,thelatestdevelopmentinscienceandtechnologyandsoforth.Second,theycanknowtheworldfromsocialservices,suchasjobhunting,privateteaching,whichofferstudentsthemselvestheopportunitiestoknowthesociety.Third,studentscanalsomakesomeinvestigationinfactoriesandvillagestalkingwiththeworkersorfarmerstolearntheirexperiences.,Theoldshouldbetreatedwithrespect.Oursocietyhastotryallmeanstoimprovethecarefortheold.First,seniorcitizencentersshouldbesetup,wheremedicare,entertainmentandotherservicesshouldbeprovided.Second,asecuresocialwelfaresystemandinsurancesystemshouldbeestablishedtomakesurethattheretiredarefreeofworriesabouttheirdailyandmedicalexpenses.Finally,evenifalloftheirphysicalneedsaresatisfactorilymet,theirchildrenshouldalwayskeepthisinmind:
theyneedcompanionandconcernfromtheirchildren.Itisamustforeverychildtorespecttheoldandletthemenjoyahappylife.,summary,段落写作是大学英语写作的重点。
段落写作的要点是抓住主题词,掌握好表达主题思想的关键词。
选定的关键词一定要能帮助主题句表达明确、具体的思想内容,切忌言之无物,也不宜概括过宽过泛。
这样,扩展句也就有了明确的发展方向和细述的范围。
在写扩展句之前,首先按这一方向收集相关素材,再挑选出更典型、更熟悉的材料,然后按这些材料之间的内在联系进行编排。
这样,一个言之有理、叙述翔实、逻辑严密的段落就形成了。
当然,有时还需要对某个或某些细节作进一步补充说明,并且适当采用变化的句型。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 写作 高分 技巧