同济大学英语报刊选读复习资料(题型+重点+缩略词+网络版重点)Word文档格式.docx
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同济大学英语报刊选读复习资料(题型+重点+缩略词+网络版重点)Word文档格式.docx
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(一般知识就够了。
不需要的逐词记忆。
)
7.Tabloidandbroadsheet
小报和报纸(p21)
(thedistinctionsbetweentabloidandbroadsheet)
(区分小报和大报)
8.MajornewspapersintheUKandUS
英国和美国的主流报纸(p13-34)
9.MajormagazinesintheUKandUS
英国和美国的主流杂志(p13-34)同上
10.Lexicalfeaturesinheadlines:
smallwords;
abbreviations;
etc.
在标题的词汇特点:
小词;
缩略语;
等。
(p37)
11.Grammaticalfeaturesinheadlines:
omissionofarticles,personalpronouns,etc.;
presenttenseforpastevents,infinitiveforfutureevents,etc
在标题的语法特点:
省略的文章,人称代词等;
现在时表示过去的时间,不定式表示未来事件等(p42)
12.Rhetoricalfeaturesusedinheadlines:
alliteration;
parody;
metaphor;
pun;
euphemism
用于标题的修辞特点:
头韵;
戏仿;
隐喻;
双关语;
委婉语(p44)
13.Newsleads,directvs.delayedlead
新闻导语,直接与延迟导语(p48)
14.Newsagencies
Organizationsthatcollect,transmit,anddistributenewstonewspapers,periodicals,television,radio,andotherjournalisticandmasscommunicationsmediaarecallednewsagencies.
15.Majornewsagenciesintheworld
在世界各大通讯社
MajornewsagenciesintheUKandUS
UK
Reuters(路透社)—oneofthelargestEuropeanpressagencies
PA—PressAssociated
US
AP(美联社)—theAssociatedPress—TheoldestpressassociationintheUnitedStates
UPI(合众国际社)—UnitedPressInternational
16.Generalunderstandingoftheinvertedpyramidstructureofjournalisticwriting
新闻写作的倒金字塔结构的一般认识(p63)
17.Typesofnewsfeatures
新闻特写的类型(p75)
18.Differencesbetweenfeatureandnewsreport
特写和新闻报道之间的差异(p76)
19.Basicstructureofnewscomment
新闻评论的基本结构(p83)
Commonabbreviations
1.ABC:
AmericanBroadcastingCompany美国广播公司
2.BBC:
BritishBroadcastingCorporation英国广播公司
3.NBC:
NationalBroadcastingCompany(美国)全国广播公司
4.CNN:
CableNewsNetwork(美国)有线新闻电视网
5.CBS:
ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem美国哥伦比亚广播公司
6.MPAA:
MotionPictureAssociationofAmerica美国电影协会
7.ITN:
IndependentTelevisionNews(英国)独立电视新闻公司
8.APEC:
Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation亚洲和太平洋经济合作组织
9.ASEAN:
AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations东南亚国家联盟
10.NATO:
NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织
11.OPEC:
OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织
12.UNSC:
=UnitedNationsSecurityCouncil联合国安全理事会
13.WHO:
WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织
14.FAO:
FoodandAgricultureOrganization世界粮农组织
15.UNESCO:
UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization联合国教科文组织
16.WIPO:
WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(联合国)世界知识产权组织
17.IMO:
InternationalMaritimeOrganization国际海事组织
18.Interpol/TERPOL:
InternationalCriminalPoliceOrganization国际刑警组织
19.FBI:
FederalBureauofInvestigation美国联邦调查局
20.USDHS:
UnitedStatesDepartmentofHomelandSecurity美国国土安全部
21.CIA:
CentralIntelligenceAgency(美国)中央情报局
22.NYSE:
NewYorkStockExchange(美国)纽约证券交易所
23.NASDAQ:
NationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomatedQuotations
(美国)全国证券交易商协会自动报价表;
纳斯达克
24.IMF:
InternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织
25.NDRCNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission国家发改委
26.CPC:
CommunistPartyofChina
27.CPPCC:
ChinesePeople'
sPoliticalConsultativeConference中国人民政治协商会议
28.HKSAR:
HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion香港特别行政区
29.NPC:
NationalPeople'
sCongress(中国)全国人民代表大会
30.GNP:
grossNationalProduct国民生产总值
31.GDP:
GrossDomesticProduct国内生产总值
32.EEC:
EuropeanEconomicCommunity欧(洲经济)共(同)体
33.ASPAC---AsianandPacificCouncil亚(洲)太(平洋)理事会
34.EU:
EuropeanUnion欧洲联盟
35.NASA=NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(美)国家航空和航天局
36.WWF:
WorldWildlifeFund世界野生动物基金会
37.UNDP:
UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme联合国开发计划署
38.UNGA:
UnitedNationsGeneralAssembly联(合国)大(会)#
39.ICRC:
InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross红十字国际委员会
40.UNPKF:
UnitedNationsPeace-keepingForce联合国维持和平部队
41.ICJ:
InternationalCourtofJustice国际法院
42.DJI:
DowJonesIndex道·
琼斯(股票)平均指数
43.FM:
foreignminister外交部长
44.MP:
MemberofParliament议员
45.PM:
PrimeMinister首相;
总理
46.BBS:
BulletinBoardSystem电子公告板
47.EMS:
EmergencyMedicalService急救医疗
48.IOC:
InternationalOlympicCommittee国际奥林匹克委员会
49.WHC:
WorldHeritageCommittee世界遗产委员会
50.CISAR:
ChinainternationalSearchandRescueTeam中国国际救援队
51.CPI:
ConsumerPriceIndex居民消费价格指数
52.NGO:
Non-governmentalOrganization非政府组织
53.WTO:
WorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织
网络版重点
第一章英语新闻学的基本概念:
一、今天的传播媒介(themassmediatoday):
1.Communication:
theprocessofsharingideas,information,andmessageswithothersinaparticulartimeandplace.
2.Communicationincludeswritingandtalking,aswellasnonverbalcommunication,visualcommunication,andelectroniccommunication.
3.Communicationisavitalpartofpersonallifeandisalsoimportantinbusiness,education,andanyothersituationwherepeopleencountereachother.
4.Masscommunicationmedia:
themeansofcommunicationthatcanreachmanypeopleatatimeeitherbyprintedmaterialsorelectronicwavesarecalledmassmedia.Theseincludenewspaper,magazines,books,radio,television,publicrelationandadvertising.
5.TVandnewspaperarethetwomajorkindsofmassmediainthepresentworld.
二、新闻学的定义(thedefinitionofjournalism):
1.Journalismisthecollectionandperiodicalpublishingofnews.Itincludeswritingfor,editing,andmanagingsuchmediaasthenewspaperandtheperiodical.Inotherwords,itmeansgathering,evaluating,anddisseminatingfactsofcurrentinterest.
三、新闻及新闻要素(newsandelementsofnews)
1.Newsisinformationthatispublishedinnewspapersandbroadcastonradioandtelevisionaboutrecenteventsinthecountryorworldorinaparticularareaofactivity.
2.Thereareusuallyfivebasicelementsinnews:
who,what,why,when,andwhere.Anadditionalelementmaybe“how”.
四、新闻价值和公众兴趣(newsvalueandpublicinterest)
1.软新闻softnews硬新闻hardnews
①Hardnewsgenerallyreferstoup-to-the-minutenewsandeventsthatarereportedimmediately.
Softnewsisbackgroundinformationorhuman-intereststories,whichappealtopeople`scuriosity,sympathy,skepticism,oramazement.
②Subjectmatter:
Politics,war,economics,andcrimeusedtobeconsideredhardnews,whichartsentertainmentandlifestyleswereconsideredsoftnews.
Thetoneofpresentation:
Ahardnewsstorytakesafactualapproach:
whathappened?
Whowasinvolved?
Whereandwhendidithappen?
Why?
Asoftnewsstorytriesinsteadtoentertainoradvisethereader
2.Newsvaluereferstotheimportanceofthefactsanddetailsinthenewsthatcansatisfythepublic`sinterestinnews.
3.Publicinterestmeansthedegreeofattentionthereaderspaytothenewsreports.
4.News-worthinessofareport:
timeliness,proximity,conflict,eminenceorprominence,consequenceorimpact,humaninterest……
五、新闻来源和新闻社(sourcesofnewsandnewsagencies)
1.Organizationsthatcollect,transmit,anddistributenewstonewspapers,periodicals,television,radio,andotherjournalisticandmasscommunicationsmediaarecallednewsagencies.
六、新闻的法律与道德问题(legalandethicalissuesofjournalism)
1.Areasofparticularconcerntoreportersarelibel,newsroomsearches,protectionofsources,invasionofprivacysuitsandthefreepresscontroversy.
2.Thecodeofethics:
responsibility,freedomofthepress,accuracyandobjectivity.
第二章报纸
报纸的主要功能
Toinform,toinfluence,toentertain,toadvertise.
◇Newspapersarepublicationsusuallyissuedonadailyorweeklybasis,themainfunctionofwhichistoreportthenews.Newspapersalsoprovidecommentaryonthenews,advocatevariouspublicpolicies,furnishspecialinformationandadvicetoreaders,andsometimesincludefeaturessuchascomicstrips(连环漫画),cartoons,andserialized(连载)books.
小报(tabloid),大报(broadsheet)
第三章新闻杂志
Publicationsreleasedatregularintervalsareoftencalledjournals,orperiodicals.
第四章新闻结构
1.GrammaticalFeaturesofNewsHeadlines:
1.OmissionoflinkverbssuchasBEanddeterminerssuchasarticlesandpronouns
2.Infinitivesforfutureevents
3.Presenttenseforpastevents
4.Phrasesasheadlines
5.Pre-modification
Example1.U.S.plansmoreTaiwansales
2.Thelexicalfeaturesofheadlines:
Smallwordsandabbreviationsinsteadofbig,completeones(Why?
aid→assist
bid→attempt
opt→choose
vie→compete
raid→attack
curb→control
laud→praise
slam→criticize
back→support,approveof
blast→explode,explosion
quiz→question,interrogate
probe→enquire,investigate
ban,bar→prohibit(ion),prevent(ion)
nuke→nuclear
Gov’t→Government
PM→PrimeMinister
3.Basicsentencetypesofnewsheadlines
1.Narrativeheadline
2.Quotationheadline
3.Interrogativeheadline
4.storyheadline
4.Rhetoricaldevicesusedinheadlinesfortabloids
Alliteration,Parody,Metaphor,Pre-modifier,Inventivelexis,etc.
5.lead
Adirectleadtellsreadersthemostimportantaspectofthestoryinadirectandstraightforwardway,andisoftenusedinhardnews.
Adelayedleadinterestsreadersbyhintingthecontentofthestory.Itisusuallyfoundinfeaturesandothersoftstoriesthatputmoreemphasisonhumaninterest
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