音标教学文件.ppt
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音标教学文件.ppt
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Phoneticsymbols音标,Nicole,国际音标,元音,分类:
英语中共有48个音标,元音20个,辅音28个。
单元音,双元音,前元音,中元音,后元音,/i:
/,/,/e/,/,/:
/,/,/,/u:
/,/,/:
/,/,/:
/,/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,辅音,爆破音,磨檫音,鼻音,半元音,舌边音,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/f/,/v/,/,/3/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/h/,/r/,/t/,/d3/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/,/m/,/n/,/,/l/,/w/,/j/,Vowels(元音)-purevowels(单元音),前元音:
/i:
/,/,/e/,/,发单元音时应注意的事项:
1.舌前部在活动2.舌端抵下齿3.从/i:
/i/e/口形渐大,/i:
/,例词:
heseatree短语:
greenleavesdeepseacleanstreeteatthemeat例句:
A:
Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?
B:
Tea,please.A:
OK.Ihavetea,too.,/-/i/,例词:
pinshiphillchicks短语:
abigshipfiftypicturesMissSmithinterestingfilms例句:
A:
IsLilyin?
B:
Lilyisillinbed.C:
Oh,Imsorry.,/e/-/,例词:
penheadlegwell短语:
tenpenceverywellexpensivecigaretteswenttoAmerica例句:
A:
Howdidyouspendyourholiday?
B:
IwenttoBeijing.A:
Wasitexpensive?
B:
Yes,very.,/,例词:
applelanternhandparachute短语:
blackcatmadmantravelingbagmatter-offact例句:
A:
AnnistravelingtoJapan.B:
Howhappysheis!
A:
Sheisveryhappy.,Vowels(元音)-purevowels(单元音),中元音:
/:
/,/,/,发中元音时应注意:
1.舌中部隆起2.舌端轻抵下齿3./:
/口形渐大,/:
/-/:
/,例词:
girlbirdworkturn短语:
earlybirdThursdayworkthirstypersonperfectsearch例句:
A:
Healwaysarrivesworkearly.B:
Buthewasntearlythismorning.A:
Youwerentearlyeither.,/,例词:
teacherpicturebreakfastwelcome短语:
aglassofwateraquartertosevenbrothersandsistersabookaboutChina例句:
A:
lookattheclock!
B:
whatsthetime?
A:
itsaquartertoseven,/,例词:
cuprunjumpflood短语:
hurryup!
trustus!
rubbishnumbermustntworry例句:
A:
Itssunnytoday.B:
Yes,isntit.A:
MyunclewillgotoLondonnextMonday.B:
Howluckyheis!
Vowels(元音)-purevowels(单元音),后元音:
/u:
/,/,/:
/,/,/:
/,后元音发音要领:
1.舌后部用力2.舌尖离开下齿龈3./u:
/,/,/:
/,/,/:
/口形渐大,/u:
/,例词:
zoowhofoodblue短语:
atoothforatoothSueandLucyfruitjuicetwoshoes例句:
A:
Lookatmynewshoes?
B:
Oh,theyarebeautiful.A:
Yourbootsarebeautiful,too.,/,例词:
footwoodbookpush短语:
goodcookgoodbookcouldntlookpuddingwithoutsugar例句:
A:
Wheredidyouputthebook?
B:
Whichbook?
A:
Thebookyouboughtyesterday.,/:
/,例词:
forkballmorningairport短语:
fourballsscoreboardmorningglorysportsreporter例句:
A:
Iseetwochildrenontheblackboard.B:
Heisshort.A:
Sheisshorter.,/-/,例词:
cockshopjobhospital短语:
hotcoffeelongjobontheboxdropthepot例句:
A:
Ihaveabadcough.B:
Youmustseeadoctor.A:
Yes,Imustgotothehospital.,/:
/,例词:
cargardenstarguitar短语:
fastcarhalfparkhearttransplantstarsandbars例句:
A:
Youlookverysmarttoday.B:
Thankyou.C:
Whatamarvelousdanceryouare.Letmetakeaphotographofyou.,Vowels(元音)-diphthongs(双元音),/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,双元音发音要领:
1.口形、舌位有变化发单元音时口形、舌位自始至终保持不变。
双元音是由两个不同的元音组成的,例如/ai/,从第一个元音/a/过度到/i/,口形和舌位都有变化:
由口形较大、舌位较低的/a/音过度到口形较小、舌位较高的/i/音。
其它七个双元音也一样,发音时口形舌位都有不同成度的变化。
2.前长后短双元音中两个元音的长度(音长)也不相等。
第一个比第二个长些,约为三比一。
3.前重后轻发第一个元音时要多使点劲儿,但必须注意不要把两个元音分裂成一个强音、一个弱音来念,而是由强而渐弱。
双元音发音要领:
4.两音密合,一气呵成由第一个元音到第二个元音是一个滑动的过程,中间不容停顿,不可把两个音分开来念。
5.前音清楚,后音模糊双元音中的第一个元音发音清楚响亮,向第二个音滑动时,在尚未到达第二个元音的发音部位时滑动即可停止,不必把第二个音象单独发音时念得那么清楚。
这一点非常重要。
常听到一些同学把/ai/念成“阿姨”,就是因为把/i/念得太清楚了,甚至跑过了头,越境而入/i:
/的领域了。
/e/-/ei/,例词:
faceraincakewait短语:
eightcakeswastepaperrailwaystationwaitforthemail例句:
A:
Itsmybirthdaytoday.B:
HappybirthdayA:
Thankyou.Cometomybirthdayparty.Anddontbelate.,/a/-/ai/,例词:
skykitewritebicycle短语:
whiteliehightideeyeforeyesilentnight例句:
A:
Itsafinedaytoday.Thesunisshiningbrightly.B:
Yes,Ifeelhot.Ilikeanice-creamnow.A:
Yes,Ido,too.,/-/i/,例词:
boyboilnoisecoin短语:
aspoiltboyanoisytoyanannoyingvoiceJoycesboyfriend例句:
A:
Lookatmytoygun.B:
Oh,whatagoodtoy!
A:
Shallwejoinourfriendsinthegarden?
B:
Yes,letsgo.,/-/v/,例词:
coastthrowboattoe短语:
Joescoatgotothewindowloadandunloadthrowasnowball例句:
A:
Look!
Hehasaboat.B:
Ishegoingtorow?
A:
Ithinkso.,/a/-/av/,例词:
cowhousemouthtrousers短语:
shoutoutbrownmousedowntownroundflower例句:
A:
Isshemilkingthecow?
B:
Yes,sheis.A:
Isthecowinhehouse?
B:
No.Sheisonthedairyfarm.,/-/i/,例词:
earideazerobeard短语:
theatmosphereherequeer古怪的skierWeary疲乏mountaineerexperiencedengineer例句:
A:
Letshavesomebeerhere.B:
Whatagoodidea!
A:
Whatshallwedoafterhavingbeer?
B:
Weshallgotothetheatre.,/e/-/,例词:
hairbarepearchair短语:
millionairestheirsmayorsparentssquarechairscarefullibrarian例句:
A:
Whereismypen?
B:
Itsoverthereonthechair.A:
Thankyou.Itsreallythere.,/-/v/,例词:
tourpoorsuregourd/gd/葫芦短语:
poortouriststourfromChinacarmjury陪审团Europeanjewel例句:
A:
Ireceivedaletterfrommyuncle.Hessickwithinfluenza.B:
Imsorry.IshestillinEurope.A:
Yes.HesstillworkinginLondon.B:
HemustspeakfluentEnglish.,Consonants(辅音)英语辅音的发音特点,1.气流受阻,从肺部呼出的气流在通过口腔或鼻腔时遇到阻碍(元音发音不受阻碍)。
2.气流较强(元音气流较弱)3.阻碍部分肌肉紧张(元音发音时均衡地保持紧张)4.有清浊之分。
英语辅音的发音可以分别从”发音部位”和发音方法”两方面来学习。
1.发音部位:
所谓”发音部位”是指气流受到阻碍的地方,也就是两个发音器官为了影响气流而构成的各种阻碍的部位。
例如:
发/p/b/时双唇先要紧闭,形成阻碍,发/f/v/时下唇接触上齿形成阻碍等等。
英语辅音按发音部位可分成:
双唇音:
/p,b,m,w/唇齿音:
/f,v/舌齿音:
/,/舌龈音:
/t,d,s,z,n,l/齿龈后部音:
/,r,j/舌后软腭音:
/k,g,/声门音:
/h/,2.发音方法:
是指气流通过阻碍时所使用的不同方法(及其造成的听觉印象)。
例如:
发/p,t,k/时气流通过阻碍部位时所发出的爆破声,发/s,z,f/时气流从阻碍部位的缝隙中挤出,发出摩擦的声音等等。
英语辅音按发音方法可分成:
爆破音:
/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/摩擦音:
f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/,/h/,/r/破擦音:
/,/鼻音:
/m/,/n/,/舌侧音:
/l/半元音:
/j/,/w/,Consonants(辅音)-plosives(爆破音),/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/p/,例词:
pigpeoplepullput短语:
pickupapepperpotapieceofporkapenandapencil例句:
A:
Doyoucollectstamps?
B:
Yes,Ido.A:
Willyoushowmeyourstampalbum?
B:
Yes,theyareupstairs.Letmegoandfetchthem.,/b/,例词:
busbedbreakfastbanana短语:
BigBenabigbottlebeautifulbabybluebutterflies例句:
A:
Isthisyourhandbag?
B:
No,itisntmyhandbagisnotbrown.A:
Whatcolorisyourhandbag?
B:
Itsblack.,/t/,例词:
tabletalltaketelephone短语:
tenteacherstravelbytrainwantarabbittwotrees例句:
A:
Imhungry.Iwantsomethingtoeat.B:
Whataboutsometomatoes?
Letsgototherestaurant!
A:
Yes,letsgo.,/d/,例词:
doordoctorheadwould短语:
deardaughterreddoorplayedcardslistenedtotheradio例句:
A:
Whatdidyoudolastnight?
B:
Istudiedlastnight.A:
Didyoustudyallnight?
B:
No,Ididnt.Ilistenedtotheradioforsometime.,/k/,例词:
carduckclockpark短语:
thebackofthecaraskquestionaquartertosixacoolcleaner例句:
A:
Ilikecheapcakes.B:
Youdo?
Doyouoftenhavecheapcakes?
A:
Yes,Ido.B:
Ifyouwanttokeepfit,donteattoomanycheapcakes.,/g/,例词:
bagdoggoatgreen短语:
goodgirlgotothegrandpasasgoodasgoldgetagirl例句:
A:
Canyouplaytheguitar?
B:
Yes,Iplayedmyguitarinthegardenandsongagainandagainwithmyfriendslastnight.A:
Youmusthavehadagoodtimelastnight.,Consonants(辅音)-fricatives(摩擦音),/f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/,/h/,/,/,/r/,/f/,例词:
friendfatfishfamily短语:
fiveflowersfastfoodfathersfacefeelfine例句:
A:
LookatFreda!
Sheisfifty.B:
Herhatisfunny.A:
Lookatherfurcoat.Itsfamous.,/v/,例词:
drivevillageveryvest短语:
lovelyviewvillagevet兽医leavingarrivingleavesofthevine藤、葡例句:
A:
Whosdrivingthevan?
B:
Ithinkvictoris.获胜者A:
Whoisvictor?
B:
Heismynewneighbor,hehaslivedhereforonlyafewmonths.,/,例词:
thankmonththinthirty短语:
threethinkersMarthasbirthdayhealthyauthorthirtymathematicians例句:
A:
Myfatherisamathematician.B:
Nowonderyouaregoodatmathematics.A:
Totellyouthetruth,myfatherneverteachesmemath.,/,例词:
fathertherethatthis短语:
smoothleathergettogetherbetterthanothersanotherbrother例句:
A:
LilyistallerthanMary.B:
ButMaryisslimmerthanLily.A:
Lookatthem.Theyredoingphysicalexercisetogether.,/s/,例词:
sunsmallhorsebicycle短语:
sleepsoundlyexpensivecigarettessomebookssitinthesun例句:
A:
Thesearecups.B:
Thosearesaucers.茶碟A:
Theyrenicecupsandsaucers.,/z/,例词:
zooprizebeesnose短语:
jazzmusicclosethewindowsthesedayszeroanimal例句:
A:
Letsgotothezoo.B:
Good.Ilikelookingatthezebras.C:
Ilikethemonkeysthere.Letsgo.,/,例词:
fishsugarshoeshop短语:
fashionshopsfriendshipassociation社团Britishshoeswashingmachine例句:
A:
Thisshopsellswashing-machines.B:
Dotheysellair-conditioners,too.A:
Sure.,/,例词:
garagepleasuremeasurecollision短语:
anunusualcollisionmeasureagarageagreatdecisionmypleasure例句:
A:
Lilylikesclothesforcasual随便的wear.B:
Clothesforcasualweararecomfortable,A:
Iliketoweartheminmyleisuretime.,/h/,例词:
hathardhenhigh短语:
heartandhandhighheelshead-to-headhappyhoneymoon蜜月期例句:
A:
TherewasacaraccidentherelastSunday.B:
Oh,itshorrible!
A:
Wereyouherewhentheaccidenthappened?
B:
No,Ionlyheardaboutit.,/,例词:
cheekchickenchurchwatch短语:
Chinesechesswhichbutcherchickenandchipschangemuch例句:
A:
Wherearethetwochildren?
B:
Theyrehavinglunch.A:
Herearesomecherries樱桃forthem.B:
Thankyouverymuch.,/,例词:
jeepjarorangebridge短语:
alargejeepinjuredpassengersadjusttheengineorangejuice例句:
A:
Ihaveanorange.B:
Oh,yourorangeislarge.Look!
Ivegotalargesandwich.A:
Yes,itisaverylargeone.,/r/,例词:
roselorry卡车rubberrocket短语:
AmericanwaitressamarriedsecretarygrownupchildrenFrenchrestaurant例句:
A:
Roseworksasasecretaryattherailwaystation.B:
Shedoes?
Sheisaveryprettygirl.A:
Yes,very.,Consonants(辅音)-nasals(鼻音),/m/,/n/,/,/m/,例词:
moonhomemedicinemountain短语:
man-mademakeamistakecometomorrowmiddlename例句:
A:
Mumhascomebackhome.B:
Marvelous.A:
Momsayswellgoandseeamovietonight.B:
Yes,wecertainlywill.,/n/,例词:
necktinnightnoise短语:
neatbrandy白兰地酒anegativeanswertelephonenumberhardentheneck例词:
A:
WhatanicepostcardoftheGrandCanyon!
B:
Theyarewonderful.峡谷A:
Whosentittoyou?
B:
Afriendofmine.,/,例词:
inkringsingmonkey短语:
ring-ding开朗的risingdiphthong双元音strongstringplayingping-pang例句:
A:
Doyoulikedrinkingtea?
B:
Yes,Ido.A:
Weareadvisedtodrinkmoreteathancoffee.B:
Teaisgoodforhealth.,Consonants(辅音)-lateral(舌侧音),/l/,/l/,例词:
blacklightjelly全身发软lemon短语:
earlyforlunchlegoflambaglassoflemonade柠檬汽水yellowjelly例句:
A:
Mum,islunchready?
Imhungry.B:
OK,lunchisready.A:
Whatsforlunch,Mum?
B:
Wellhavelambandpotatosalad.,1.Redlorry,yellowlorry,redlorry,yellowlorry.2.Letslookforleavesinthelargelakewithalongladder.,Tonguetwisters,Consonants(辅音)-semi-vowels(半元音),/j/,/w/,/j/,例词:
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