第02讲阅读理解之推理判断题高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略全国通用Word格式文档下载.docx
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第02讲阅读理解之推理判断题高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略全国通用Word格式文档下载.docx
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(3)Fromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthat.
2.对作者的意图、观点、态度进行推测
(1)Whatistheauthor'
sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinthepassage?
(2)WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTurin'
swork?
3.对文章隐含的意义进行推测
(1)Theauthorimplies.
(2)Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappenafter.
(3)Thiseventprobablytookplacein.
4.对文章的出处进行推测
(1)Thispassagecanbefoundin.
(2)Thispassagewouldbelikelytakenfrom.
【提升能力】
一、细节推断题
抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,结合上下文或前后句推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
在推断中,我们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实,然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断,从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
【例】(2021年·
新高考全国I卷)MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.
“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.
Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.
Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”
25.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterton’sjobonstage?
A.Boring.B.Well-paid.C.Demanding.D.Dangerous.
第一步题干关键词:
describesTitterton'
sjobonstage
第二步原文定位点:
Tittertonsjob第一次出现在原文第二段。
第三、四段是对第二段的补充说明。
第三步分析得答案:
根据第三段中的Alotofskillsareneededforthejob和第四段中的Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice可知,乐谱翻页这份工作需要很多技能,也需要大量的练习。
由此可判断出,提特顿作为乐谱翻页者,这项工作是“难度大的,要求高的”。
A项“单调泛味的”和B项“工资高的”,从文章中找不到相关的依据;
D项“危险的”与第五段中的therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong不相符,表演中也有出错的时候,但并不能得出它是“危险的”。
故选C项。
二、推测文章的观点或结论
在推测观点时,要对表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语特别敏感。
有时这类问题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部观点,而可能只是文章中的某一观点。
但要推测出文中的某一观点,仍离不开对全文主要观点或中心思想的把握。
文章的结论通常在尾段出现。
有时也会出现开头给出观点,后文对其演绎的行文方式。
【例】
(2020年·
全国卷III)Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.
32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?
A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.
C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.
what,theauthor,theexample,Paragraph1
第一段
根据Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.可知:
例子是为了进一步说明研究者在深入地研究我们的基因,发现了过去几千年人类进化的现象。
故选B。
【刷名校真题】
语法填空练习
学校:
___________姓名:
___________班级:
___________考号:
___________
一、阅读理解
Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreeofhealthandwealthandothercomfortsoflife,onebecomeshappy,theotherbecomesunhappy.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,persons,eventsandtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.
Peoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconvenienceofthings.Thepleasantpartsofconversation,thewellprepareddishes,thegoodnessofthewine,thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyoftheoppositethings.Therefore,theyarecontinuallydissatisfied.Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasureofsociety,offend(hurt)manypeople,andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwasfoundedinnature,suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Theintentionofcriticizingandbeingdislikedisperhapstakenupbyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabit,unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitrealizeitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofservicetothem,andhelpthemchangethishabit.
Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimagination,ithasseriousresultsinlifesinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers;
nobodylovesthem,andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatgettingsomeadvantagesinsocialpositionorfortune,nobodywishesthemsuccess.Norwillanyonestartasteporspeakawordtofavortheirhopes.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicobjections,noonewilldefendorexcusethem,andmanywilljointocriticizetheirwrongdoings.Theyshouldchangethisbadhabitandbepleasedwithwhatispleasing,withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot,itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwise,itcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient,especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.
1.Theunderlinedphrase“sourthepleasureofsociety”inPara.2mostnearlymeans_____.
A.haveagoodtastewithsociallifeB.makeothersunhappy
C.tendtoscoldothersopenlyD.enjoythepleasureoflife
2.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.
A.weshouldpityallsuchunhappypeople
B.suchunhappypeoplearedangeroustosociallife
C.unhappypeoplecannotunderstandhappypersons
D.peoplecangetridofthehabitofunhappiness
3.Ifsuchunhappypersonsinsistonkeepingthehabit,theauthorsuggeststhatpeopleshould________.
A.preventanycommunicationwiththem
B.shownorespectandpolitenesstothem
C.persuadethemtorecognizethebadeffects
D.quarrelwiththemuntiltheyrealizethemistakes
4.Inthispassage,thewritermainly________.
A.describestwotypesofpeopleB.laughsattheunhappypeople
C.suggestswaystohelpunhappypeopleD.tellspeoplehowtobehappyinlife
【来源】黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2021届高三12月月考英语试题
【答案】1.B
2.D
3.A
4.C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。
短文对比了快乐的人和不快乐的人的相同之处和不同之处,作者还给了不快乐的人提出了一些建议,让他们如何保持快乐。
1.词义猜测题。
由第二段“Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasureofsociety,offend(hurt)manypeople,andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere”可知,通过他们的言论,他们破坏了社会群体的乐趣,伤害了许多人,使他们在任何地方都不讨人喜欢。
and并列连接了三个表示贬义的动词,所以A和D选项被排除。
社会是由人构成的,破坏了社会的乐趣也就是让别人不开心。
所以根据上下文的语境,可以判断出第2段中的带下划线的短语“sourthepleasureofsociety”最接近于B选项“让别人不开心”。
故B选项正确。
2.推理判断题。
由第二段“...butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitrealizeitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes”可知,但当那些有这种习惯的人意识到它对他们的兴趣和爱好有不良影响时,这种习惯可能会被改掉。
所以通过关键词“becured”可以判断出,人们能够改掉这种不快乐的习惯。
故D选项正确。
3.细节理解题。
由最后段“Iftheydonot,itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.”可知,如果他们不这样做,那么其他人最好避免与他们接触。
所以如果这些不快乐的人坚持保持这种坏习惯,作者建议人们应该不要和他们交流。
故A选项正确。
4.主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,短文对比了快乐的人和不快乐的人的相同之处和不同之处,并着重向不快乐的人提出了一些保持快乐的建议,希望他们能够快乐。
所以短文主要提出了一些帮助不快乐的人的方法。
在故C选项正确。
Sincetimeimmemorial,peoplehavebeensearchingforthefountainofyouth.Surprisingly,thedreamofhumanimmortalityis,accordingtosomescientists,notsofaroutofreach.
ProfessorBrianCox,Google'
sRayKurzweil,andTeslaheadElonMuskallagreeonnotonlythepossibilityofhumanimmortalitybutalsothatitisnottoofaraway.Thesolution,theysay,issomethingcalledthe“technologicalsingularity”.
Thesingularityisacombinationofhumankindwithcomputers,namelyuploadingthecontentsofone'
sbrainontoaharddrive.Inthatway,aperson'
sconsciousnesscanstayaliveafteraphysicalbodygetsworse.Thisisbasedontheideathatahumanbrainissimplyamachine,andthereis,accordingtoProfessorCox,“noreasonatallwhywecannotsimulate(模拟)humanintelligence,”usingacomputer.
AlthoughProfessorCoxdidnotsaywhenthesingularitywouldoccur,Google'
sRayKurzweilpredictsthatthesingularitywillhappenasearlyas2045.By2100,hesays,humanbodypartswillbereplaceablebymachineparts.Further,byuploadingourbrainsontoacomputer,wewillbeabletotoywithit,andbecome“abletoexpandthescopeofourintelligenceabillionfold.”
ElonMuskagreedwiththeasessmentsoftheotherscientists,evengoingsofarassayingthatthechancesthatwearenotinacomputersimulationrightnoware“oneinbillions”.
Googleispreparingforafuturewhereyoucandownloadpersonalitiesontorobots.Forexample,youmightbeabletodownloadontoyourrobotacelebritypersonality,orofthepersonalityofyourdeceasedgrandmother.
Thesearchenginegiantfiledapatentforthisdownloadprocessrecently.Sotheydefinitelybelievethatthesingularityisjustaroundthecorner.Allyouhavetodoisholdonuntil2045,andsoonyoucaneffectivelyliveinthecloud.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“immortality”inparagraph1probablymean?
A.Livingforever.B.Rebirthafterdeath.
C.Beingperfect.D.Continuousimprovement.
6.Howdidthewriterillustratetheideaofhumanimmortalityinthetext?
A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bypresentingquotatio
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