专业四级阅读理解分类练习(三).docx
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专业四级阅读理解分类练习(三).docx
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专业四级阅读理解分类练习
(三)
一、ReadingComprehension(Comprehension)
(共40小题,共40.0分)Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand
D.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebest
answer.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet
Two.第1题Hereisanexperimentyoudon'twanttotryat
home.Showatoy--adoll,say,oramodelboat--toatoddlerandexplainthatit'ssomethingspecialyou'vehadsinceyouwere
little.Askthechildtobe"verycareful"
with
it.Handoverthetoy,whichappearstobeinfinecondition,exceptthatyou'vesecretlyriggedittobreakspectacularlyassoonasthechildhandles
it.Whenyourprecioustoyfallsapart,youcanexpressregretbymildlysaying,"Oh,
my."
Thensitstillandobservethe
child.Thepointisnottopermanentlytraumatizeanyonetheresearcherswhoperformedthisexperimentquicklyfolloweditwitharitualabsolvingthechildof
blame.Butfirst,for60secondsafterthetoybroke,thepsychologistsrecordedeveryreactionasthetoddlerssquirmed,avoidedtheexperimenter'sgaze,hunchedtheirshoulders,huggedthemselvesandcoveredtheirfaceswiththeir
hands.Itwaspartofalong-termstudyattheUniversityofIowatoisolatetheeffectsoftwodistinctmechanismsthathelpchildrenbecomeconsiderate,conscientious
adults.Onemechanism,measuredinotherexperimentstestingtoddlers'abilitytoresisttemptations,iscalledeffortfulself-control--howwellyoucanthinkaheadanddeliberatelysuppressimpulsivebehaviorthathurtsyourselfand
others.Theothermechanismislessrationalandisespeciallyvaluableforchildrenandadultswithpoorself-control.It'sthefeelingmeasuredinthatbroken-toyexperiment,guilt,orwhatchildrendiagnoseasa"sinkingfeelinginthetummy"
Guiltinitsmanyvarieties--Puritan,Catholic,Jewish,
etc.--hasoftengottenabadrap,butpsychologistskeepfindingevidenceofits
usefulness.Toolittleguiltclearlyhasadownside--mostobviouslyinsociopathswhofeelnoremorse,butalsoinkindergartnerswhosmackotherchildrenandsnatchtheir
toys.Childrentypicallystarttofeelguiltintheirsecondyearoflife,saysGrazynaKochanska,whohasbeentrackingchildren'sdevelopmentfortwodecadesinherlaboratoryattheUniversityof
Iowa.Somechildren'stemperamentmakesthempronetoguilt,shesaid,andsomebecomemoreguilt-pronethankstoparentsandotherearly
influences."Childrenrespondwithacuteandintensetensionandnegativeemotions
whentheyaretemptedtomisbehave,orevenanticipateviolatingnormsandrules,"
Dr.Kochanska
said."Theyremember,oftensubconsciously,howawfultheyhavefeltinthe
past."
In
Dr.Kochanska'slateststudies,publishedintheAugustissueofTheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,sheandcolleaguesfoundthat2-year-oldswhoshowedmorechagrinduringthebroken-toyexperimentwentontohavefewerbehavioralproblemsoverthenextfive
years.Thatwastrueevenfortheoneswhoscoredlowontestsmeasuringtheirabilitytofocusontasksandsuppressstrongdesirestoact
impulsively."Ifyouhavehighguilt,"
Dr.Kochanskasaid,"it'ssucharapidresponsesystem,andthesensationissoincrediblyunpleasant,thateffortfulcontroldoesn'tmuch
matter."
Butself-controlwascriticaltochildreninthestudieswhowerelowinguilt,becausetheystillbehavedwelliftheyhadhighself-control."Evenifyoudon'thavethatsinkingfeelinginthetummy,youcanstillsuppressimpulses,"
Dr.Kochanska
said."Youcanstopandrememberwhatyourparentstold
you.Youcanstopandreflectontheconsequencesforothersand
yourself.\"Traumatize"
inthefourthparagraphmeans______.AtotestBtohurtCtokidDtosetup
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
1.0分第2题Whatisthepurposeofthetoy-brokenexperiment?
ATotestchildren'seffortfulself-control.BTotestchildren'sfeelingof
guilt.CTotestchildren'seffortfulself-controlandfeelingof
guilt.DNoneoftheabov
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
1.0分
第3题WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabout"guilt"?
AIthelpschildrenbecomeconsiderate,conscientious
adults.BItisdiagnosedbychildrenas"asinkingfeelingintummy".CChildrenarebornwiththesenseof
guilt.DThefeelingofguiltcaninfluencechildren's
behavior.
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分第4题Accordingtothepassage,ifachildbehavesbadly,thereasoncouldbethatAheisnotgoodenoughBhehasnoself-controlCheislowinguiltandhasnoself-controlDhedoesn'thavethesinkingfeelinginthetummy
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分第5题Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
ATheToy-broken
Experiment.BTwoDistinctMechanismsfor
Children.CWhyFeelingGuiltyIsImportant?
DGuiltandSelf-controlonthePathtoAdulthoo
【正确答案】:
D
【本题分数】:
1.0分第6题
SalvadorDali'spoliticsplayedasignificantroleinhisemergenceasan
artist.Hehassometimesbeenportrayedasasupporteroftheauthoritarian(独裁的)
Franco.OnDali'spersonality,GeorgeOrwellwroteinanessaythat"Oneoughttobeabletoholdinone'sheadsimultaneouslythetwofactsthatDaliisagooddraughtsmanandadisgustinghuman
being.Theonedoesnotinvalidateor,inasense,affectthe
other."
Inhisyouth,Datiembracedforatimebothanarchismand
communism.Hiswritingsaccountvariousanecdotesofmakingradicalpoliticalstatementsmoretoshocklistenersthanfromanydeepconviction,whichwasinkeepingwithDali'sallegiancetotheDada
movement.Ashegrewolderhispoliticalallegianceschanged,especiallyastheSurrealist(超现实主义者)movementwentthroughtransformationsundertheleadershipofTrotskyistAndréBreton,whoissaidtohavecalledDalíinforquestioningonhis
politics.Inhis1970bookDalíbyDalí,Dalíwasdeclaringhimselfananarchistandmonarchist,givingrisetospeculationsofAnarcho-Monarchism.WiththeoutbreakoftheSpanishCivilWar,Dalifledfromfightingandrefusedtoalignhimselfwithany
group.Likewise,afterWorldWarⅡ,GeorgeOrwellcriticizedDalifor"scuttlingofflikearatassoonasFranceisindanger"
afterDaliprosperedtherefor
years:
"WhentheEuropeanWarapproacheshehasonepreoccupation
only:
howtofindaplacewhichhasgoodcookeryandfromwhichhecanmakeaquickboltifdangercomestoo
near."
AfterhisreturntoCataloniaafterWorldWarⅡ,DalibecameclosertotheFranco
regime.SomeofDali'sstatementssupportedtheFrancoregime,congratulatingFrancoforhisactionsaimed"atclearingSpainofdestructive
forces."
Dali,havingreturnedtotheCatholicfaithandbecomingincreasinglyreligiousastimewenton,mayhavebeenreferringtotheCommunists,Socialists,andanarchistswhohadkilledalmost7,000priestsandnunsduringtheSpanishCivil
War.DalísenttelegramstoFranco,praisinghimforsigningdeathwarrantsfor
prisoners.DalíevenmetFrancopersonallyandpaintedaportraitofFranco's
granddaughter.ItisimpossibletodeterminewhetherhistributestoFrancoweresincereorwhimsical;
healsooncesentatelegrampraisingtheConducǎtor,Romanian:
CommunistleaderNicolaeCeausescu,forhisadoptionofascepteraspartofhis
regalia.TheRomaniandailynewspaperScinteiapublishedit,withoutsuspectingitsmocking
aspect.OneofDalí'sfewpossiblebitsofopendisobediencewashiscontinuedpraiseofFedericoGarciaLorcaevenintheyearswhenLorca'sworkswere
banned.GeorgeOrwellbelievedthatSalvadorDaliwasAagoodartistandagoodpoliticianBagoodpainterbutworthyofnorespect
CagoodpoliticianbutworthyofnorespectDagoodpoliticianwithbadtaste
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
1.0分第7题WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutDalí'swritings?
AHiswritingsconvincedpeoplecompletelyofthe
anecdotes.BHiswritingswereaboutartand
politics.CHiswritingsgaverisetoAnarcho-Monarchism.DAnecdotesaccountedinhiswritingsweremoretoshock
listeners.
【正确答案】:
D
【本题分数】:
1.0分第8题Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTDalí'spoliticalallegianceduringhislife?
A
Anarchism.B
Communism.C
Monarchism.D
Socialism.
【正确答案】:
D
【本题分数】:
1.0分第9题WhatdidDalídoduringtheSpanishCivilWar?
AHefledawayanddidn'tfightforhis
country.BDalísenttelegramstoFranco,praisinghimforsigningdeathwarrantsfor
prisoners.CHealsooncesentatelegrampraisingtheConducǎtor,RomanianCommunistleaderNicolae
Ceausescu.
DHefoundaplacewhichhadgoodcookeryandmadeaquick
bolt.
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
1.0分第10题WecaninferfromthepassagethatDaliwas______.AagoodpoliticianBatruepatriotCagenuineloverofFedericoGarcíaLorca'sworksDafaithfulsupporterofFranco
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分第11题InfactOrwellwasadeeploverofwordswhoneverconsciouslymisused
them.Ifhesaidhehadwrittenafairy-story(AnimalFarm)withapoliticalpurpose,wecannotlightlysupposehespoke
lightly.Apoliticalpurposesuggestssomekindofmoral...Thereisperhapsamoralforfarmers,don'ttaketodrinkandletyouranimalsgetoutofhand;
butevensothevillainswillbecomfortedtofindthateverythingcomesoutallrightfortheminthe
end.Forthedowntroddenanimalsthereisnothingbutmisery,cruelty,andinjustice;
andinplaceofamoralthereisonlythetragicchorusofthedonkeyBenjamin...Thisisnotlikethekindofmoralthattellsustolookbeforeweleapornottocountourboobiesbeforetheyare
hatched.Itisjustthissenseofpurposelesscruelty,though,thatgivesthecluetoOrwell'spurpose,
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