全新版大学英语第二版听说教程3讲义Unit12BiodiversityWord格式.docx
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全新版大学英语第二版听说教程3讲义Unit12BiodiversityWord格式.docx
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4.Whatismeantby“endangeredspecies”?
Canyounamesomespeciesthatareendangered?
5.Whatarethemaincausesthatleadsomeanimalsandplantstodeclineinnumberoreven
disappearcompletely?
6.Whatcanwedotosavespeciesfromextinction?
Demo:
1.Doyouknowanythingaboutbiologicaldiversityorbiodiversity?
Theterm“biodiversity”comesfrom“biologicaldiversity”.ItisthevariationoflifeformswithinagivenecosystemontheentireEarth.Biodiversityisoftenusedasameasureofthehealthofbiologicalsystems.ThebiodiversityfoundonEarthtodayconsistsofmanymillionsofdistinctbiologicalspecies.Theyear2010hasbeendeclaredastheInternationalYearofBiodiversity.Todaythereisconcernthattheperiodsincetheemergenceofhumansispartofamassreductioninbiodiversity,causedprimarilybytheimpacthumansarehavingontheenvironment,particularlythedestructionofplantandanimalhabitats.
AdditionalQuestionforDiscussion
Afamousconservationistoncesaid,“Animalconservationisawartosavethehumanracefromcommittingsuicide.”Doyouagree?
Yes,Ido.Asmembersoftheearth’secosystem,animalsplayamajorpartinmaintainingthebalanceandharmonyoftheearth’senvironment.Toagreatextent,thehumanraceandotheranimalsrelyononeanotherforsurvival.Theextinctionofonespecieswouldeventuallyleadtotheextinctionofanother.Ifhumanbeingsdidnotprotectanimals,theirownsurvivalwouldsoonbeendangered.Therefore,awisepolicyforthehumanraceis“liveandletlive”.LanguageFocus
Herearesomesentencesandstructuresthatyoumayfindusefulindiscussingtheabovequestions.
BiodiversityreferstothediversityoflivingthingsonEarthandtheenvironmentsinwhich
theylive.
Biodiversityiseverywherearoundus.
Wecanenjoythebeautyofbiodiversitywhenweareclosetonature.
Differentspeciesofflowers,trees,birds,animalsshowustherichdiversityoftheliving
world.
1
Allspeciesthatsharethesamenaturalenvironmentdependon/interactwitheachother.,Allspeciesrequireasmall/minimalamountofhabitatforsurvival.
Biodiversityisimportantbecauseallthespeciesthatsharethesameenvironment,orhabitat,
relyononeanotherforsurvival.
Everyspecies,nomatterhowsmall,hasanimportantroletoplay.
Itisthiscombinationthatenablestheecosystemtopreventandrecoverfromavarietyof
disasters.
Biodiversityisobviouslyusefulformankindasalargernumberofplantspeciesmeansa
.greatervarietyofcrops
.Alargernumberofanimalspeciesensurethattheecosystemisnaturallysustained,Atleast40percentoftheworld’seconomyand80percentoftheneedsofthepoorare
derivedfrombiologicalresources.
Thericherthediversityoflife,thegreatertheopportunityformedicaldiscoveries,economic
development,andadaptiveresponsestosuchnewchallengesasclimatechange.,Manyspeciesareendangered/threatened.Amongthesearethepanda,thetiger,thesea
turtle,thebluewhale,thegraywolf,andthebaldeagle.
Humanactivitiesandpollutionareimportantcausesoftheextinctionofspecies.,Governments/Internationalorganizations/Industries/Individualsshouldmakegreatefforts
tosaveendangeredspecies/preservebiodiversity.
Theprotectionofendangeredspeciesandhabitatsshouldbeatoppriority.,Wemustfindsolutionsthatbenefitbothhumansandnon-humanspecies.
PartB
ListeningTasks
Passage1
WhyIsBiodiversityImportant?
WordBank
生物多样性biodiversityn.varietyoflivingthings
哲的学philosophicala.oforrelatedtophilosophy
精神的~心的灵spirituala.ofthespirit,ratherthanthebody
ecosystemn.alltheplantsandanimalsthatliveinaparticularareaandthecomplex
生样系样relationshipthatexistsbetweenthemandtheirenvironment
speciesn.aclassofanimalsorplantswhosemembersaresosimilarthattheycanbreedwith
;
样植物的,物样;
样、样形式相同,数eachother
基石keystonen.basis
生物~有机体organismn.alivingthing
控制~制样regulatev.tocontrol
回收利用recyclev.toconvert(waste)toreusablematerial
害~有害样物;
如老虫pestn.aninsectorotheranimalthatharmsfoodsuppliesorcrops
鼠等,
未加工样的rawa.notyettreatedforuse
医样的medicinala.ofhealing
2
Script:
Theimportanceofbiodiversityseemsobvioustous.Weenjoythebeautyofbiodiversitywhenwetakeawalkinthepark,takeatriptothezooorawildarea,readbooksorwatchTVshowsaboutstrangecreaturesinforeignlands.Somepeoplebelievethatbiodiversityisimportantsimplybecauseitissowonderful.Somethinktherearephilosophicalorspiritualreasonsforbiodiversity.Butthereareotherreasonswhyitissoimportant.
ThelossofbiodiversitywillchangethebalanceoflifeonEarth.Ifanecosystemisdestroyed,manyspeciesadaptedtothatecosystemmayverylikelybedestroyedaswell.Ifthatspeciesiswhatscientistscall“keystone”,awholeecosystemmaydependonit.Biodiversityisalsoimportantinitsdirectbenefitstopeople.Plantsgiveustheairwebreathe;
animalsandplantssupplyuswiththefoodweeat;
andorganismsandmicroorganismscleantheair,regulatefloods,recyclewaste,andcontrolpests.
Biodiversityalsohaseconomicandhealthbenefits.Bothindustryandagriculturedependonitforrawmaterialandotherthings.Andmedicineisevenmoredependentonbiodiversity.InChina,morethan5,000speciesofplantsareusedformedicinalpurposes.Manyspecieswhichwerethought“useless”atfirstarefoundtobevaluable.Andthisisafurtherthreatfromthelossofbiodiversity.
LanguageandCultureNotes
1.Backgroundinformation
Biodiversity,orbiologicaldiversity,referstothesumtotalofthedifferentspeciesofanimals,plants,andorganismslivingonEarthandthevarietyofhabitatsinwhichtheylive.Thisverybroadtermisessentiallyasynonymof“lifeonEarth”.Scientistsestimatethatmorethan10millionspeciesexistonourplanet,butsofaronly1.75millionspecieshavebeendiscoveredandnamed.Andonlyaverysmallnumberofthosehavebeenexaminedfortheirvalueinmedicine,agriculture,orindustry.Inthemeantime,wearelosingmuchofEarth’sbiodiversity.Mostbiologistsagreethatwearefacingthemostseriousextinctionofspeciessincethedisappearanceofdinosaurs65millionyearsago.
2.lossofbiodiversity
Thelossofbiologicaldiversitymaytakemanyformsbutatitsmostfundamentalandirreversibleitinvolvestheextinctionofspecies.Atpresentspeciesaredisappearingatanalarmingrate.AccordingtotheestimateoftheAmericanbiologistEdwardO.Wilson,wearelosing27,000specieseveryyear.Hisestimateisacceptedbymostbiologists.Humanactivitiesarelargelyblamedforthis.However,asmoreandmorepeoplerealizetheimportanceofbiodiversity,positivestepshavebeentakentoprotectendangeredspeciesandtopreservebiodiversity.In1992,attheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,heldinRiodeJaneiro,anagreementwasreachedby160countries,whichcalledongovernmentstotakeactiontoprotectplantandanimalspecies.
Exercise1
Listentotherecordinganddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Ifastatementistrue,writeTinthebrackets.Ifitisfalse,writeFinthebracketsandthecorrectversionintheblank.,
1.Youcanseebiodiversityinthepark.(T)
3
2.Youcannotenjoythebeautyofbiodiversityinaforeigncountryifyoudon’tgothere.(F)
YoucanenjoyitthroughreadingbooksandwatchingTVshowsaboutforeignlands.
3.Biodiversityisatermusedtorefertothevarietyoflivingthingsintheworld.(T)4.Scientiststhinkthattheimportanceofbiodiversityliesinitspresentinguswithawonderfulworldtoenjoy.(F)
Somepeoplethinkso,butscientistsbelievethatbiodiversityisimportanttousbecauseitis
essentialtooursurvival.
5.Thelossofakeystonespeciesmaydestroysomeofthelivingcreaturesinthenaturalworld.(F)
Itmaydestroyanentireecosystem.
6.InChina,over7,000speciesofplantsareusedformedicinalpurposes.(F)
Morethan5,000speciesofplantsareusedformedicinalpurposesinChina.
Exercise2
Listenagainandfillinthefollowingblankswiththemissinginformation.
Biodiversityiseverywherearoundus.Withoutdoubt,itisimportanttoourlife.Why?
Belowaresomeofthereasons:
1.Biodiversitygivespeopleawonderfulworldtolivein.
2.ThelossofanyonekindofbiodiversitywillchangethebalanceoflifeonEarth.
3.Biodiversitybringsdirectbenefitstopeople.Forexample,plantsgivetheairwebreathe.
4.Biodiversityalsohaseconomicandhealthbenefits.Itprovidesindustryandagriculturewith
rawmaterialandotherthings.Itisessentialtomedicine.
5.Manyspecieswerethoughtuselessatfirstbutwerelaterdiscoveredvaluable.Thisisafurther
threatfromthelossofbiodiversity.
Passage2
HowManySpeciesAreThere?
星系galaxyn.oneofthelargegroupsofstarsintheuniverse
databasen.averylargecollectionofrelateddataarrangedforconvenientaccess,generallyina
数据样computer
mammaln.atypeofanimalinwhichthefemalegivesbirthtobabies,noteggs,andfeedsthem
哺乳样物onmilkfromherbody
微生物~样microben.alivingthingthatissosmallthatitcan’tbeseenwithoutamicroscope
菌
巴拿样;
中美洲家,国PanamaacountryinCentralAmerica
Isn’titsurprisingthatscientistshaveabetterunderstandingo
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