大学语言学考试17章试题和答案.docx
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大学语言学考试17章试题和答案.docx
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大学语言学考试17章试题和答案
12maximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant.itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda..Thecorrectsyllabificationofthewordcountryshouldbe
第一章,填空
1.Thestudyofthemeaningoflingusticwords,phrasesiscallesdemantics.
2.Displacementisadesignfeatureofhumanlanguagethatenablesspeakerstotalkaboutawildrangeofthingsfreefrombarrierscausedby
4.Morphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.
5.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive.
6.Chomskydefines“competencaes”theidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.
7.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Itisinformativeinthatcommunicatingbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.
8.Thelinkbetweenalinguisticsignanditsmeaningisamatterof
9.Languageisdistinguishedfromtrafficlightsinthattheformerhasthedesigningfeatureofduality.
10.Inlinguisticsresearch,bothquantityandqualityapproachesarepreferred.判断:
11.Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech,thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday'shaveno√
idealnativespeakertoconstructandrecognize.×
13.Dualityandculturaltransmissionaretwomostimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.×
14.Chomsky'scompetence'andperformancearesimilarinmeaningtoSaussure'slangueandparole.√
15,Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethe“bestauthors”√forlanguag
16.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforaofreasons.√
17.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.×chochronic共时的
18.LangueandparoleisthefundamentaldistinctiondiscussedbyChomskyinhisAspectsoftheTheoryof
distinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguisticsasParoleandlanguage√.
20.AccordingtoChomsky,thetaskofalinguististodeterminefromthedataofperformancetheunderlyingsystemofrulesthathasbeen√
选择:
1.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalysethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior,itissaidtobedescriptive
2.IcanrefertoConfuciuseventhoughhewasdead2000yearsago.Thisshowsthat
languagehasthedesignfeatureofdisplacement.
3.
thispirsesacnriepxtiavmerpuleleos.f
“Don'tendasentencewithapreposition.
4.Whichofthefollowingismostreferredtoasabranchofthestudyofmeaningin
5.Thesynchronicstudyoflanguagetakesafixedinstantasitspointofobservation.
6.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalledpragmatics.
7.ThefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageisA没照下图片arbitrary
8.Thedescriptiveofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisdaiachronicstudy.
9.题目没照下来。
答案为:
principles-and-parameterstheory
10.Chomskyusesthetermscompetencetorefertoactualrealizationofalanguageuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguistic...
11.TransformationlGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyin1957.
12.题目没拍下来,答案morphology.
13.AccordingtoChomsky,competenceistheidealuser'sinternalizedknowledgeofhis
language.
14.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare'splay“RomeoandJuilet”.
othernamewouldsmellassweet”wellcilolunsvteranteionalnature
15.没拍到overvariousperiodsoftime历时diachronic
16.Linguisticisthescientificstudyofhumanlanguageingenenral
17.Pragmaticsisastudyof(D)
A:
Languagelearning
B:
Languageacquisition
C:
Languageplanning
D:
Languageinuse
18.Alinguistisinterestedin(B)
A:
Whatissaid
B:
Whatisrightbothinsyntaxandinsemantics
C:
Whatisgrammatical
D:
Whatoughttobesaid
19.hasbeenwidelyacceptedastehforefatherofmodernlinguistics(B)
A:
Chomsky
B:
Saussure
20.Thefactthatthewell-knownLiuSanJiefeaturesascenceof“dugie”(song
dueling)mostlyforthesheerjoyofplayingonfunctionoflanguage.(B)
A:
phaticcommunion
B.recreational
C:
emotive
D:
informative
21.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn'tit(”B)is.
A:
informative
B:
phatic交流感情的
C:
directive
D:
performative
whichindicatesthatlanguageis_arbitrary(任意)
25.Thefunctionoflanguageisprimarilytouselanguagetotalkaboutlanguage
itself.(D)
A:
performative
B:
interpersonal
C:
informative
D:
meta-language
26.Displacementbenefitshumanbeingsbygivingthemthepowertohandle___(B)
A:
arbitrarinessandcreativity
B:
generalizationsand⋯..
名词解释
1.Language
2.designfeatures
petence&performance
4.language&parole
5.Metalanguage
certainkindsoflinguisticsignsortermsfortheanalysisanddescriptionofparticularstudies.
简答题
2.Communicationcantakemanyforms,suchassign,speech,bodylanguageandfaciallanguage.Dobodylanguageandfaciallanguageexpressionshareorlackthedistinctivefeaturesofhumanlanguage
3.DoyoupreferdescriptivelinguisticstoprescriptivelinguisticsGiveyourreasons.
第二章
单词填空
1.Consonantsoundscanbeeithervoicedorvoiceless清音,whileallvowelsoundsarevoiced.Voicing浊音
2.phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalled有序规则Sequentialrules
(1)anddark
(1)areallophonesofthesameonephoneme,theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations.Thustheyaresaidtobeincomplementary
distribution.
transcriptiontranscribessoundswithdiacritics,whilebroadtranscriptiondoes
not.
essentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithanyobstructionwhenasoundisproduced.
foursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,.theyareallbilabial双唇音
1.insuchsoundcombinationsas/bi;p/,/geip/and/su;p/,thevoicelessstop/p/,occurringinthefinalposition,isunaspirated,.pronouncewithheldtosomeextent.
2.‘Beat”and“bit”arenotaminimalpair.F
3.VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.T
4.theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmarkingthetwophonessimilar.T
5.Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconsciencewithhowspeechso⋯T
6.whenapluralform–sisaddedtoanounthatendswithavowel,itispronouncedas{z},duetoassimilation.F
1.ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,onlyispermissibleaccordingtothe
sequentialrulesinEnglish.(A)
A.kibl
B.bkil
C.ilkb
D.ilbk
2.
intermsoftheplaceofarticulation.Thefollowingsounds{t}{d}{z}{s}{n}sharethe
A.palatal
B.Alveolar齿槽
C.bilabial
D.dental
3.whosecardinalvowelsystemisstillinuse(C)
A.A.J.Ellis
B.A.M.Bell
C.DanielJones
D.A.C.Gimson
4.whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabial双唇stop(A)
A[p]
B[m]
C[b]
D[t]
5.AccordingtoridiculeofEnglishorthographythenon-existentwordghoticanbepronouncedinthesamewayas.(C)
A.Goat
B.Hot
C.Fish
D.Foot
6.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectdescriptionof[v](B)
A.Voicelesslabiodentalfricative
B.Voicedlabiodentalfricative浊音唇齿摩擦
C.Voicelesslabiodentalstop
D.Voicedlabiodentalstop
7.isasoundproducedbybringingthetipofthetongueintocontactwiththe
upperteethtocreatetheobstruction.(A)
A.Analveolar齿槽音
B.Abilabial
C.Apalatal
D.Adental
8.isnotanEnglishconsonant.(A)
A.Labio-dentalplosive
B.Alveolarnasal
C.Velarstop
D.Dentalfricative
9.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintostops,fricatives,nasals,termsof
(A)
A.mannerofarticulation
B.Opennessofmouth
C.Placeofarticulation
D.Voicing
10.isnotadistinctivefeatureinEnglishphonology.(D)
A.Nasality
B.Voicing
C.Aspiration
D.Rounding
11.Thechoiceofanallophoneinagivenphoneticcontextis
A.Random
B.Predictable
C.Variable
D.Independent
12.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:
13.isnotasuprasegmentalfeature.(A)
A.Aspiration
B.Intonation
C.Stress
D.Tone
名词解释
International
Association
Phonology
Voicing
Vowel&consonant
Phonetic
Phoneme&allophone
Maximalonsetprinciple
分析
3.Analyzethedatabelow,andthenanswersomequestions.
A.fivepast[faivpa;st][faifpa;st]
B.Loveto[l^vt
C.Hasto
D.Ascanbeshown
E.Losefive-nil
F.Edgetoedge
(1)Whatrulesofphonologicalprocessesdoyoufind
(2)BycomparisonwithNasalizationrule:
[-nasal][+nasal]/[+nasal].Dentalization
rule:
[-dental][dental]/[dental],andVelarizationrule:
[-velar]
[+velar]/[+velar],canyougiveamoregeneraltermthatcoversalltherules
mentionedabove
2.Thephonologicalfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofindividualsoundsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeature.Discussthemainsuprasegmentalfeatures,illustratingwithexampleshowtheyfunctioninthedistinctionofmeaning
第三章
21.Freemorpheme
2.Arootisoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear.,definitemeaning,
3.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample,ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaksian,withthekprecedingthes.
Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknowamsetathesis(换位)
4.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoformwordsarecal
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