高考英语完型密码吴军金牌教案一.doc
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高考英语完型密码吴军金牌教案一.doc
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To:
2009年月日VIP学员补课专用
高考英语完型密码吴军金牌教案一
(育才、实验、二中专用)
主编人:
吴军
完形填空的解题要决一
巧用首句信息:
①利用首句把握文章的体裁:
如果文章开头交代事情发生的时间、地点以及人物等,毫无疑问就是记叙文;如果文章开门见山点明话题或作者的观点,那么很可能就是议论文或说明文。
②分析首句信息,预测下文内容:
一般情况下,根据首句所给的线索,就能粗知短文的大概内容。
由首句的提示,加上语法分析、逻辑推理,并借助于短文中关键词语所提供的信息以及上下文之间的关系,就能进一步确切了解短文内容,为确定答案开辟道路。
例1:
Montyownsahorseranch(牧场)inSanSedro.Oncewhenaskedabouthis____,hetoldthestoryaboutayoungman,sonofahorsetrainer.
A.life B.success C.family D.job
[分析]:
例2:
…Beingaloneinouterspacecanbefrightening.Thatisonereasonwhyastronautsonsolo(单独的)spaceflightsweregivenplentyofworktokeepthem____.
A.tired B.asleep C.alive D.busy
[分析]:
例3:
WhenIcomeacrossagoodarticleinreadingnewspapers,Ioftenwanttocutandkeepit.ButjustasIamabouttodoso,Ifindthearticle(文章)onthe____sideisalsointeresting…
A.each B.other C.another D.either
完形填空解题要决二
巧用上下文语境。
①注意上下文的信息提示:
信息提示出现在前文时,可以根据前文的信息提示确定答案;信息提示出现在后文时,我们应该先把此空暂时搁置,在理解了后文的基础上,再确定答案。
②通读全文,利用复现词语:
完形填空试题中,一些词语会重复出现在语篇之中。
词汇复现使得语篇中的句子相互衔接,从而构成一个完整的、有机的意义整体。
把握这些反复出现的词语,有助于我们确定正确答案。
例1:
ReadingisawayoflearningEnglishwithoutclassesorateacher.Ithelpsdeveloplearners’independence.Andwhilereadinggradedreaders,learnersdon’thavetoruna____becausethelanguageisattheirlevel.
A.dictionaryB.teacher C.student D.recorder
[分析]:
例2:
AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather__1__.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof__2___.Ifeltevenmorehopelesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.
1.A.encouraged B.dissatisfied C.hopeless D.pleased
2.A.place B.job C.advice D.help
[分析]:
例3:
YearsagoinScotland,theClarkfamilyhadadream.Clarkandhiswifeworkedand____,makingplansfortheirninechildrenandthemselvestotravelto2(America).Ithadtakenyears,buttheyhad3(finally)savedenoughmoneyandhadgottenpassportsandreservationsforthewholefamilyonanewlinerttheUnitedStates.
A.spent B.added C.saved D.played
[分析]:
完形填空的解题要决三
根据文化背景常识:
①利用英语国家的文化背景知识,英语国家的文化背景知识包括英语国家的风俗习惯、历史事件、地理位置等。
我们做题时若能积极调动自己的文化背景知识,注意中西文化各方面存在的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,选出正确的答案。
②结合生活常识,避免常识性错误。
完形填空文章的内容经常与日常生活相关,因此当我们对语言的把握不准确时,可充分利用社会知识和科普常识来帮助判断。
例1:
SometimesIreallydoubtwhetherthereislovebetweenmyparents.Theyareverybusyworkingtosupportthefamily.Theydon’tactintheromanticwaysthatIreadinbooksorIseonTV.FlowerstoeachotheronValentine’sDay(情人节)isevenmoreoutofthequestion.
A.Taking B.Passing C.Buying D.Sending
[分析]:
例2:
Firestationsarestrangelyexcitingplaces.Inthenormalcourseofeventsthegreatdoorsareshut,andbehindthem,thefire-engineswaitpeacefully,brightlycleanedandlovinglycaredfor.Butthemomentthefirealarmsounds,thehugedoorsopenimmediatelyandthefiremencome.
A.fleeing B.laughing C.jumping D.rushing
例3:
Myparentsarequitesurprised.TheyalwaysthoughtIwouldbecomean30teacher!
A.mathsB.EnglishC.chemistryD.Chinese
[分析]
完形填空的解题要决四
灵活掌握名词、动词在句子中的应用。
①结合语境及名词、动词词义辨析选出最佳答案:
词义辨析主要集中在实词,即名词、动词、形容词和副词。
设题通常以同义词、反义词或易混词的形式出现。
这就要求我们在做题时要根据上下文语境确定答案,将意义相反或相差较大的选项剔除掉,选择使句子结构完整、语法正确、语意符合逻辑的最佳答案。
②夯实基础,牢记含有名词、动词的短语或固定搭配:
对含义清晰的名词、动词短语或固定搭配,可以边读边猜测答案,遇到有能和空白前后构成固定搭配的选项,只要符合文意则可以不考虑其他选项,因此我们平时要注重短语或固定搭配的积累。
例1:
“Onlyamiracle(奇迹)cansavehimnow”,thelittlegirlwenttoherbedroomandtookoutherpiggybank.Sheemptiedallthechangeoutonthefloorandcounteditcarefully.Thensheherwaysixblockstothelocaldrugstore.
“Andwhatdoyouwant?
”askedthechemist.
A.followed B.made C.felt D.found
[分析]:
例2:
“Stopthatman!
”Vernonshouted.“Hehasabomb!
”Everywhere,passengerswere____theirfeetandscreaming.
A.runningover B.jumpingover C.runningto D.jumpingto
[分析]:
例3:
Whyissettinggoalsimportant?
Becausegoalscanhelpyouyou,be,andexperienceeverythingyouwantinlife.Insteadofjustlettinglifehappentoyou,goalsallowyourselfto____yourlifehappen.
A.leave B.cause C.make D.get
[分析]:
完形填空的解题要决五
把握文章脉络,识别句式特点。
①把握文章脉络,偏重观点、态度,慎边读边做。
我们在通通览全文的基础上,要从整体上把握文脉,找出完形填空短文的主题大意,作者的观点、态度,文章展开的线索等信息。
②学好语法知识,积累句型句式。
尽管高考淡化语法,注重情景,但是扎实的语法功底,良好的语感对于完形填空题是大有帮助的。
例1:
Itwaspouringoutside.Weallstoodthere____,somepatiently,othersannoyedbecausenaturemesseduptheirhurriedday.Igotlostinthesoundandsightofthe…
A.chatting B.waiting C.complaining D.talking
[分析]:
例2:
“Tonightwassupposedtobe____----tocelebratesixmonths.Youdorememberwe’reengaged,don’tyou?
”
A.normal B.sleepless C.special D.sad
[分析]:
例3:
Thestory____tobethis:
Georgeboughtalotteryticket(彩票)afewdaysagoandwonaprizeof$500,000.
A.turnedup B.turnedout C.turneddown D.turnedoff
[分析]:
例4:
Ellsworth,apatientwhohadsufferedseveralfailuresinbusiness,didnotshowmuchinterestinpaintingatfirst.But____theweekswentby,Swain’svisitsgrewmorefrequently.
A.as B.with C.since D.hadto
[分析]:
三板斧:
转折关系:
①标志词:
but,yet,however,although,though,while,inspiteof,despite,bycontrast,onthecontrary,文中一出现“but”“Although”“though”“however,”“while”等词,应该马上想到前后语意有转折。
只要知道其中一方的语意,就可以反向推出另一方的意思,从而解题。
完形填空题中,but一词后多半会设题。
所以,在考试时,只要看到but就做一个标记,遇到类似but这样表转折的词也同样处理。
这样便于回到原文去寻找解题的依据。
②前后句子的名词同指,但句意对立,往往出现以下情况:
a.褒贬对立;b.句式结构对立,前肯后否、前否后肯!
转折特点:
一句肯定,一句否定;前后句有一组反义词;前句是形副词原级,后句是比较级;前句是一般过去式,后句是一般现在时或前句是过去完成时,后句是一般过去式;后句有一”still”词;前句有“Maybe”,“Perhaps”,“Itmeightbe”“Itshould/oughttobe”等表示“可能”\“本应该”的副词或情态动词。
否定否定词,untiljustasjustlike
didn’tUnless/if...noteventhough/after
neverWithouteversince
buthowever,although
◆Humanbeings,21,haveaproblemthatanimalsneverface.
21.A.thereforeB.butC.besidesD.however
◆Ireallydidn'tcarewhy,46itgavemeafewminutesofherprecious47soIwasveryquietassheexplained.
46.A.as B.while C.soD.but
◆32tomeethimattheairport,ashehaddoneonpreviousoccasions.Thistime,33,itwasnotnecessary,34becauseJoewasquitefamiliarwiththecity,butmainlybecauseAnnahadsaidthatshecould35theafternoonoffinordertocomeandmeethim.
34.A.luckily B.reallyC.partlyD.especially
表语原则:
如果所考的空是表语,那么主语就是线索。
当表语是名词时,它与主语是对等关系;当表语是形容词时,或相当于形容词时,与主语是修饰关系。
◆Physicalillnessescandevelop.Itcanactuallybe28foryourhealth.
28.A.goodB.harmfulC.helpfulD.useful
杀熟原则:
◆标准:
是否在历年真题中出现过。
bewellworth,befast/soundasleep,bewideawake,can’tpossibly,takeiteasy,bequiteableto,byandby=innotime=beforelong=soon用将来时,uptonow=untillnow=sofar用完成时,I’msorry,It’sapity,inyourletter,等用一般过去时等。
all,every,any,noexcept,apartfrom
otheralsobesides,aswellas,inadditionto,including
nobody,nothingbut=otherthandonothingbutstaythere
◆Whenthepaperswere,shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthroughoutthetest.
A.examined B.completed C.marked D.answered
◆Afterall,friendsdonotjudgeeachotherby27Allthesame,itwasthefirstmeetingafteralongseparation,andshewantedeverythingto28right·
28.A.comeacross B.turnup C.gooffD.getout
◆Andifyouopenedthecupboard,you’d31littlefruitflieshovering(盘旋)alloverthem.They’dberotten.
Youcantrytotreatemotions32theywerebananasinthecupboard.Youcan33theydon’texist,butthey’llstillbe34.Andatlastyou’llhaveto35them.Justlikethosebananas.
35.A.eatupB.dealwithC.throwawayD.sendout
◆“Itwasallhisownidea,”saysPat,thewifeofCaliforniahighschoolfootballcoachBobPeters.Bobhad.___36___madea“motherhoodcontract”—declaringthatfor 70daysthissummerhewould__37___thecareoftheirfourchildrenandallthehousework.
37.A.stickto B.setabout C.thinkabout D.takeover
鉴别语态信息——及物无宾被动看
◆Thegirlwenttothepartywithout_______.
A.inviting B.beinginvitedC.tobeinvited D.invited
◆Hehadimaginedhimself10_____brilliantly(出色地)attheinterviewand11_____thejobimmediately.Butnowherehewasfeeling12_____.
11.A.offeredB.askedforC.beingofferedD.beingaskedfor
◆Thesongmadeher___4___tothedayswhenshewasLauren’s___5___.
4.A.thinkof B.bringback C.goback D.comeback
完形填空解题三大技巧:
平行原则
and,or其左右意思相近或同类互为解释
and
and,or,but在选项中出现时通常比选其一,如果and入选通常表先后顺序
◆Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements—usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and 45 nitrogen.Theyaredifferent 46 theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin 47oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin
45.A.mostly B.partly C.sometimes D.rarely
◆Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)41vacation,butwasheart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.
A.disappointing B.wonderfulC.uncomfortableD.important
◆Thedoorwasunlockedand7.
7.A.half-openB.half-opensC.half-openedD.half-opening
同现原则:
主题句同现
◆Then,mountain---climbingbegantogrowpopularasasport.Tosomepeople,thereissomethinggreatly___28____aboutgettingtothe___29____ofahighmountain:
astruggleagainstnatureisfinerthanabattle___3
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