形容词副词同型.wps资料文档下载
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形容词副词同型.wps资料文档下载
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bright,brightlycheap,cheaplyShesellshergoodscheap.(cheap可用cheaply替换。
在较为随便的谈话中,当动词是buy,sell时,常用cheap.clean,cleanlyThisknifecutscleanly.Thebulletwentcleanthroughthewall.Cleanthrough=rightthrough.作副词的clean含义为completely,right.在非正式语体里,它常跟动词forget,介词over,through,副词away,out连用。
SorryIdidntturnup-ICLEANFORGOT.Theballsailedcleanovertheroof.Theprisonergotcleanaway.ImafraidImcleanoutof(=havenomore)food.clear,clearlyStandclearofthedoorsofthetrain.副词clear跟of一起时,意为awayfrom,nottouching.Hethrewherclearacrosstheroom.Clearacross=rightacross“Isaiditveryloudandclear(clear=clearly);
Iwentandshoutedinhisear.”2HespokesoclearlythatIcouldheareveryword.close,closelyComeclose;
Iwanttotellyousomething.(作副词时,“接近地,”“紧密地”,表具体近的程度)Theboyfollowedclosebehindhisfather.Thefellowstoodcloseagainstthewall.副词close是near之意,过去分词前常用closely.如:
Theteacherwascloselyfollowedbyhispupils.Closely表示一种抽象的概念,“紧密地”“密切地”“严密地”。
WeshouldcloselybeunitedaroundChairmanJiang.Shecloselyresembleshermother.Watchhimclosely.(=carefully,withattention)dead,deadlyTheroadisverydangerous.Godeadslow.(=exactly,completely,slow,可用slowly替换)还有deaddrunk,deadtired,deadright,deadsure,deadcertain等与deadslow同.Donttouchthat.Itsdeadly.(=adj.;
fatal,causingdeath)Itsdeadlypoisonous.(=very)Icantreadthis.Itsdeadlydull.(=very)Deep,deeplyDeep作副词时,常用来表示具体的深度,“深地”,修饰静止的状态和具体的动作。
而deeply用来修饰情感的动词、形容词和过去分词,表示抽象的概念。
Ourteachersoftenworkdeepintothenight.Hehadtodigdeeptofindwater.Weweredeeplymovedbywhathehaddone.Imdeeplygratefulforthehelpyougaveme.direct,directlyThesenewlawsconcernusalldirectly.(=inadirectway“直接地”)Letsmeetdirectly(immediately)afterlunch;
thenIlltakeyoudirecttoyourroom.(=withoutdeviation,主要用于说及旅行和时间表,指空间、距离,如行程中的不停顿、不绕道,”直接地“不绕(圈)地”)HeflewdirecttoNewYork.Hecameandreporteditdirecttome.3Heshouldbetheredirectly.Shedrovedirectlytoschool.Shedrovedirecttoschool.ThenextflightdoesntgodirecttoRome,itgoesbywayofParis.easy,easilyA:
Icanttakethistableeasily(=withoutdifficulty).B:
Yes,butgoeasy(=Dontberough)withit.Itsanantique.Easy作为副词用在一些固定搭配中。
takeiteasy(=relax);
Standeasy!
(amiitarycommand);
Easycome,easygo(=Whatwegetwithoutdifficultyisquicklylost).fair,fairlyIvemarkedyouressayfairly(=justly,honestly,accordingtotherules),andIcanassureyou(that)itsfairly(=quite,rather)good.Hetoldthefactsfairly.Fair作副词只用在playfair,speakfair,tohitsomethingfairandsquare中。
fine,finelyThatsuitsmefine.Youredoingfine.Fineadv.=well,一般用在口语中;
若某东西finelycut或finelychopped,意为cutintoverysmallpieces.firm,firmlyIfwestandfirm,(=unyield)Ifirmlybelieveweshallsucceed.Theguardisstandingfirmattheentranceofthecamp.Holdthispostfirm(=firmly)whileIhammeritintotheground.Theboyfirmlycaughtholdoftherope.有的词典认为standfirm,stayfirm,setfirm,holdfirm中的firm为adj.free,freelyYoucaneatfree(=withoutpayment)inmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Dontletthedogrunfree.(=inafreemanner)Youcanspeakfreely(=withoutlimitationorrestriction)infrontofGeorge-heknowseverything.hard,hardlyYouhaveworkedhardtoday.(=diligently,strenuously)Youvehardlyeatenanything.(=almostnot)4high,highlyHesveryambitious:
heaimshigh.Throwtheballashighasyoucan.Canyoujumpthathigh?
Heheldhisheadhigh.此处high为高度(height)及位置(position)用作副词时,指具体的高度。
Highly指抽象概念的高,常用来修饰形容词的分词和用在一些常见的搭配中。
Heisahighlyskilledworker.Theheadmasterthinkshighlyofmyteaching.Heshighlyintelligent,highlytrained.(=toahigdegree;
verymuch)用于比喻意义时常用highly,如:
Theyspeakhighlyofyou.just,justlyHewasjustlypunishedforhiscrimes.(=inaccordancewithjusticeorthelaw公正地,正当地).Thejudgedealedthecasejustly.Weeachweretreatedjustly.Ivejustbeenreadingaveryinterestingbook.(=amomentago,exactly,merely)Dojustasyoulike.(正好)Heisjustanordinaryman(仅仅).Imjustoutofhospital.Heisjustachild,dontquarrelwithhim.late,latelyEverymorningthisweekshehasarrivedlate.(=afterthetimeexpected,晚地,迟地)Hasshebeenherelately?
(=recently,notlongago,最近,近来,常用在疑问句和否定句中,在肯定句中常用recently.)Haveyouseenherlately?
Ihearthatyouhaventbeenwelllately.Hearrivedhomeverylatefromworkyesterday.但二者都可用在aslateas,aslatelyas片语中。
loud,loudly5Dontspeaksoloud.Theyllhearyou.在非正式语体中常用loud替换loudly,louder替换moreloudly;
在动词talk,speak,shout,laugh后,以及在短语loudandclear里也是如此.但介词短语前却只用loudly.如:
Theyshoutedloudlyforhelp.Noonecame.low,lowlyTacklehimlow;
grabhislegs.Low是high的反义词,可说flylow,aimlow,speaklow,bowlow.Heoccupiesalowlyposition.(=adj.,humble.)most,mostlyHeenjoysacigarettesometimes,butmostlyhesmokesapipe.Mostly=mainly,adj.Most=very.:
Ofallthecompetitorsshewastheonewhomostdeservedtowin.near,nearlyNationalDayisdrawingnear.Near:
adj&
adv.;
Nearly:
adv.almostbutnotquite.Hewasnearlykilledintheaccident.Nearly可作修饰语置于不定代词前。
Nearlyeveryonecametothemeeting.pretty,prettilyMarydancesveryprettily.Prettily是方式状语,inaprettyway,skilfully,非正式语体中的pretty是副词,修饰形容词或副词,是rather,fairly.如:
Shesprettygood.Shedancesprettywell.quick,quicklyThetrainwillgetyoutherequickerthanthebus.IllgetbackasquickasIcan.在非正式口语中,常用quick替换quickly,当动词表示运动以及quick是比较级时,更是用quick而不用quickly.real,reallyThatwasrealnice.Youcookrealwell.6上二例中real为adv.,替换了really,在非正式口语、特别在美国英语中,会听到。
Idontreallylikeher.(=truly)right,rightlyYouguessedright.Right用rightly替换,为properly,correctly.Right在非正式语体里用得多,而且只能在动词之后,表达totheright-handside时,只用right而不用rightly,如:
Turnrightatthetrafficlights.Hewasrightlyblamedfortheaccident.(不能用rightly,因right吸用在动词后。
)Sharp,sharply作副词的sharp用说及时间音调,用在一些短语里,如:
Pleasereporttomeattenoclocksharp.(=punctually)Youaresingingsharp.(=singonanotethatistoohigh.)Looksharp=hurryup,watchout,Pullupsharp=stopsuddenly说及方向时,可互换,为makeanabruptturn.如:
Theroadturnssharp(ly)totheleft.Heturnedsharp(ly)around.当含义为severely时只用sharply.如:
Hewassharplyrebuked.short,shortlyStopshort.(=suddenly;
cutshort=interrupt).Shortly,adv.只用在这样的短语中:
Hewillbebackshortly.(=soon)Heexplainedhismeaningshortlybutclearly(briefly).HeansweredshortlythathedidntcarewhatIthought.(=impatiently).slow,slowlyGoslow.Goslower.在非正式口语中,slow替换slowly,slower替换moreslowly,常与动词go,drive等连用。
在道路标志上了常用副词slow,如Slow!
Driveslow!
等,其余场合都用slowly.如:
Whenyouspeakslowly,Iunderstandyou.7sure,surelyItsureisacoldnight.Areyouleavingwithus?
Sure!
此二sure代替了surely,为典型的美国英语。
Hemustsurelysucceed.属英国英语。
tight,tightlyWerejuststarting.Holdtight.Sittight.Holdontoyourseatstightly.此二例的tight,tightly皆为副词,在非正式语体里,不及我动词后不用tight替换tightly;
在其它情况下,譬如及物动词加宾语后,就用tightly.wide,widelyHeopenedthecupboardwide.(表示实际的距离,“宽广地”,“广大地”)Itwaswideopen.(表示一种程度,一抽象概念,“广泛地”“大大地”。
)Thewindowwaswideopen.Hewaswideawake.Theoldministeropenedhiseyeswide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.Footballiswidelyplayedalloverthecountry.Thiscomputeriswidelydifferentfromthatoneinquality.跟形容词同形的wide是副词,意为widely.Hehastravelledwidely.(=inmanydifferentplaces.)wrong,wronglyYouguesswrong.(=wrongly,为非正式英语,一般置于动词后。
Iwronglybelievedthatyouwantedtohelpme.Wrongly位于动词前。
大致分为三类:
(一)本类词有hard,hardly;
late,lately;
most,mostly等。
两种副词形式含义完全不同,使用时不易引起混淆。
(二)本类词主要有wide,widely;
close,closely;
high,highly等,两种副词形式不同,含义也有差别,但没有第一类的区别明显,且翻译成汉语时也很接近。
使用时容易混淆。
其含义及用法上的主要特点是:
不带ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作,说明的动作或状况有可测量性和可见性;
而以-ly结尾8的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。
大都具有“greatly”或“extremely”的含义。
(三)这类词主要有slow,slowly;
quick,quickly等异形同义词。
当然,现代英语的语言规范性要求用以-ly结尾的副词来修饰动词,但由于句子结构以及搭配的不同,使用时也具有不同的倾向性。
在此,探讨一下在什么情况下使用不带-ly的副词形式。
总的说来,倾向于使用不带-ly副词形式的情况大致有四种:
1、用作比较级或最高级时:
Allenwaswalkingquickly,butGeorgewaswalkingevenquicker.Themenwerequarrellingloudly,butthepolicemenshoutedlouder.Thecarwentslowerandsloweruntilitcametoastandstill.Letsseewhocanrunquickest.Wemustlookcloserattheproblem.2、有“so”或“too”修饰时:
ItallhappenedsoquickthatIcoulddonothing.Itisimpossibletoovertakehim;
yourcargoestooslow.Donttalksoloud;
thechildisinbednow.3、用于修饰表示移动、天气等常用动词时:
Comequick;
wearewaitingforyou.Driveslow;
thispartoftheroadisdangerous.Thesunshinesbright.Whenwelefttheshelter,thesnowwasfallingthickandthewindwasblowingcold.Businessisgoingstrong.4、在固定词组中或当用于修饰它经常固定搭配的动词时:
Takeiteasy.Standfirmandholdittight.站稳抓牢Heoftenplayshigh.赌注常下得很大Thesecretarycopiedtheroughdraftofhermanageroutfair.Theyweredrinkingdeepintothenight.
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