届浙江省温州市高考前最后一次模拟考英语试题带答案解析文档格式.docx
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届浙江省温州市高考前最后一次模拟考英语试题带答案解析文档格式.docx
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presumedconsent(默许)"
wouldautomaticallymakeeveryoneovertheageof16anorgandonor.Individualswouldbeallowedtoputout,thatistosay,decidenottobeanorgandonor,ifthat'
swhattheyprefer.TheBMApointstomuchhigherorgandonationratesincountriesthathaveopt-outsystems,suchasSpain,Belgium,AustriaandtheCzechRepublic.
England'
schiefmedicalofficer,SirLiamDonaldson,alsowantstochangetheorgan-donorsystemfromopt-intoopt-out.Allofthissoundslikeverygoodnewsforthe7,500peopleintheUKwhoarewaitingfortransplantsofcriticalorgans,tissues,skinandbones.
Britain'
sNationalHealthService(NHS)recentlycounts14.3millionorgandonorsonalistwhichbeganin1994.Noteveryonewantstoparticipate,however,accordingtotheNHS,90percentoftheBritishstronglysupportorgandonation,butonly23percentareontheorgan-donorlist.
Whythediscrepancy(差异)?
Onereasonisthatorgandonationisapersonalmatter.Anotherreasonmaybeindecision:
whenfamiliesarenotsureaboutadeadrelative'
swishes,40percentdecidenottodonatehisorherorgans.Interestingly,religionhaslittletodowithadecisionnottodonate.AllsixofthemainreligionsinBritainsupportorgandonationandtransplantation.
Thegovernmentdecidedin2018howthesystemoforgandonationshouldwork---withoutapolicyofpresumedconsent.Opinionamongmembersofparliament(议会)continuestobedivided;
butthetragedygoeson:
asthingsarenow,onein10Britonsinneedofanorganwillnevergetone.
1.WhatdoesthetragedyinPara.1referto?
A.Peoplearerequiredtobeorgandonors.
B.Organtransplantscouldsavelivesformorethan60years.
C.Moreandmoredonors'
organsarenotproperforoperation.
D.Manypatientshavetodiebecauseofnoreplacementorgan.
2.AccordingtoPara.4,mostBritishpeople______.
A.supportorgandonationwithoutactionB.wanttoparticipateinorgandonation
C.arewillingtodonatetheirorgansD.don'
tlikeNHS'
activity
3.What'
sthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Analyzingthetragedyoforgandonation.
B.Persuadingpeopletosupportorgandonation.
C.Praisingthosepeoplewhodonatetheirorgans.
D.Listinggovernment'
smeasuresonorgandonation.
Whenshewasstudyingtobecomeascientist,MeganStraussrodeinasmallairplanetostudygiraffes.WhileapilotflewovertheSerengetiinTanzania,Africa,theresearcherslookeddowncarefullyandcountedgiraffes.
"
Iamalwaysamazedhoweasilywecanspotwarthogsandothersmallanimals,yetwesometimeshavetroubleseeinggiraffes.Giraffesareslenderinshape,andtheymaynotthrowagoodshadow,"
saysDr.Strauss,whohassincebecomeawildlifescientist.
TheSerengetiisaboutthesizeofVermont,astateinthenortheasternUS,sothescientistscouldnotstudytheentirearea.Instead,theysurveyedthreeareaswheregiraffeswerestudiedinthe1970s.Astheyexpected,theysawfarfeweroftheseanimals.
Tofindoutiflionshadbeenkillingmoregiraffesinrecentyears,theteamlookedatthesurvivalofyounggiraffes.Lionskillmoreyounggiraffesthanadults,buttheteamfoundnodecreaseinyounggiraffes'
survivalaftertheyareborn,comparedwiththe1970s.
Theteamthenlookedatwhethertoomanygiraffeswerebeingkilledbyparasites(寄生虫).Theresearcherscountedparasiteeggsingiraffedroppings,andtheyfoundtoofewtoharmthegiraffepopulation.
Theylookedintowhetherpoachers(盗猎者)werekillingtoomanygiraffes.Twooftheareastheystudiedarewheregiraffemeatissometimessoldinlocalmarkets.Poacherscatchmoreadultmalesthanothergiraffes.Researchersspottedtoofewmalescomparedwithfemalesinthosetwoareas,asignofpoaching.
Whenthefoodsupplyisshort,theenvironmentsupportsfewergiraffesandthefemaleshavefeweryounggiraffes.AlotofnewtreeshavegrownintheSerengeti,butmanyareatypethatgiraffesdonotliketoeat.Theresearchersfoundfeweryounggiraffestodaythaninthe1970scomparedwiththenumberofadultfemales,asignthatfoodwasinshortsupply.
Dr.StraussisworkingonanenvironmentaleducationprogramforTanzaniaincludingbooksforstudents.ThesematerialswilleducateTanzaniansandhelpthemtohelpgiraffes.Asknowledgegrowsandchangesaremade,theyhopethegiraffepopulationwillincrease.
4.WhatdidDr.StraussfindwhilestudyinggiraffesintheSerengeti?
A.Itwastoocostlytostudygiraffes.
B.Itwashardtospotgiraffesfromtheair.
C.Thenumberofgiraffeshadincreasedslowly.
D.Giraffeslivedinsmallerareasthaninthe1970s.
5.Howdidtheteamstudythelion-girafferelationship?
A.Byanalyzinggiraffedroppings.
B.Bycomparingyounggiraffeswithadults.
C.Bycomparingmalegiraffesandfemales.
D.Bysurveyingthesurvivalofyounggiraffes.
6.WhatisDr.Straussdoingtohelpgiraffes?
A.SheisfoundinganationalparkinTanzania.
B.SheiscountinggiraffesintheentireSerengeti.
C.Sheiseducatingstudentstowriteaboutgiraffes.
D.Sheisraisingenvironmentalawarenessinlocalpeople.
Itbeganasagame:
Highschoolandcollegestudentsstudyingcomputertechnologyfiguredouttheycouldusepersonalcomputerstobreakintotelephonecompanycomputersandmakefree,long-distancetelephonecalls.Theseyoungcomputertalentssoongainedthename"
hackers"
.
Policearrestedafewhackers,butmanywentontoevenmorecomplexhacking.Oneofthemwasarrestedformakingillegaltelephonecallsandlaterheusedaphonetochangeapoliceofficer'
screditrecordstogetbackattheofficerforarrestinghim.Healsousedacomputertochangehiscollegerecordstogivehimselfbettergrades.
Ashackersgainedexperience,theybeganinvadingcomputersatbanks,airlinesandotherbusinesses.Inonecaseahackerinstructedanairline'
scomputertogivehimfreeairplanetickets.
TheU.S.governmentisworriedthathackersmaybreakintoitsnetworksofdefensecomputers.Thegovernment'
ssecretsareeasilyattackedbecausethousandsofgovernmentcomputersareconnectedbytelephonelinesthathackerscangetinto.
InNovember1988,acollegestudententeredaU.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledArpanet.ThehackerinjectedacomputerprogramthatmadecopiesofitselfthroughoutArpanet.Somehackersusevirusestodestroyallthedatainacomputer.Butinthiscase,governmentofficialsshutdownthenetworkbeforetheprogramreachedeverycomputerinthesystem.Shuttingdownthesystemangeredmanyresearcherswhowereusingthecomputers.Thehackerturnedhimselfintothepoliceandhewaschargedwithacrime.
TheincidentputthespotlightoncomputerhackingintheUnitedStates.Manycompanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheircomputersfromhackers,andmanycomputerexpertsnowadvisecompaniesonhowtoprotecttheircomputers.
TheU.S.governmentbelievesforeigngovernmentshavehiredhackerstotrytobreakintotop-secretdefensecomputers.
Expertsdisagreeoverwhetheracomputernetworkcaneverbesafefromhacking.Butinthefuture,someofthemostoutstandingmindsintheU.S.willbeworkingtofrustratetheattemptsofcomputerhackers.
7.Whatdidthefirsthackersdo?
A.Theybrokeintogovernmentcomputers.B.Theydestroyedairplaneticketsystems.
C.Theyplayedcomputergames.D.Theymadefreephonecalls.
8.WhycanU.S.governmentcomputersbeeasilyhackedinto?
A.Theyhavenodefensesystems.B.Theyareconnectedbytelephonelines.
C.Theyarepartlyaccessibletothepublic.D.Theylackcomplexprocessingprograms.
9.WhathappenedtothegovernmentcomputersinNovember1988?
A.Theylostalloftheimportantdata.
B.Theywereshutdownbyresearchers.
C.Theywereinvadedbyacollegestudent.
D.Theygottotallyruinedbyacomputerprogram.
10.Whatdidcompaniesdecidetodotoprotecttheircomputersystems?
A.Employcomputertalents.B.Buildsecretdefensesystems.
C.Askthegovernmentforhelp.D.Collectandanalyzethedataofhackers.
二、完形填空
11-year-oldTJhadjustjumpedoffthescooter(滑板车)ashisneighborKim,aged7,andhersisterJulie,9,lookedon.Thatwas11amanwithmessyhairappeared.Withoutaword,hepickedKimupand12walkedaway.
Heheldherlikeababy.13,thecalmwaythemanheldKimmadeTJbelievehemusthavebeena14.Buteventuallysomethingwasnot15.TJcouldseeKim'
sface—shewasscared.Herfearturnedinto16,thenbeggingforhelp.Shebegankickingandtryingto17theman'
sarms."
Whatareyoudoing?
Julie18.Buttheman,undisturbed,walkedalongtheblockuntilhereachedanalleyand19.
TJ'
sfirst20wastofollowthem.Buthowcouldan11-year-oldkid21agrownman?
Soherantohisgrown-upneighbors'
homeandshouted,"
Aman22pickedupalittlegirlandtookherintothealley!
TheninstantlyTJwasgone,backonthestreet4823hislittlefriend.
OnceTJ24thealley,herecognizedtheman,standinginfrontofanabandonedhouse.Hewaspushingthe25girlthroughawindow.Fortunately,Julieandotherneighbors,thepoliceandthemotherofthevictimsoonarrived26tosavethegirl.Kimdashedintohermo
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