英语新课标(英文版)Word文档格式.doc
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英语新课标(英文版)Word文档格式.doc
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lMotivatesstudents,isrelevanttotheirlifeexperiencesandcognitivelevel
lPromotestask-basedteachingmethods
lInvolvesstudentsinexperiential,practical,participatoryandcooperativelearning
lDevelopsstudents’positiveattitudes,thinkingskills,practicalabilities,culturalawarenessandautonomythroughthelanguagelearningprocess
1.TheNatureoftheNewCurriculum
ThenewEnglishcurriculumstrivestoaccomplishfarmorethanjusthelpstudentslearnEnglish.AtonelevellearningEnglishshouldinvolvehelpingstudentsto:
lDevelopacertainlevelofcomprehensivelanguagecompetenceandtheabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication
lMastercertainbasiclanguageknowledge
lMasterlistening,speaking,readingandwritingskills
However,atanotherlevelthecurriculumshouldalsoservestudents’all-rounddevelopment,providingthemwithopportunitiesto:
lStrengthentheirinterestinstudyingEnglish
lGrowinself-discipline,perseveranceandself-confidence
lImprovetheircooperative,investigativeandthinkingabilities
lDeveloptheirmemory,imaginationandcreativity
lAdoptgoodstudyhabitsandeffectivelearningstrategies
lDevelopasautonomousandlifelonglearners
lBuildmoralintegrityandahealthyoutlookonlife
lEstablishbothnationalspiritandanawarenessofandrespectforculturaldifferences
lBroadentheirhorizonsandenrichtheirlifeexperience
lTakepartinculturallife
lDevelopasindividuals
2.BasicPrinciplesoftheNewCurriculum
Thecurriculumpromotesqualityeducation(asopposedtoexam-orientatededucation)andtheall-rounddevelopmentofthestudents
Topromotequalityeducationparticularattentionmustbepaidto:
lValuingeachstudent’sfeelings
lStimulatingstudents’interestinstudyingEnglish
lHelpingstudentsgainasenseofachievementandself-confidence
Thecurriculummustgobeyonddevelopingstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetencetoincludeareassuchas:
lImprovingstudents’abilitytocontributetoculturalandsociallife
lDevelopingstudents’practicalabilities
lFosteringstudents’creativity
Thecurriculumobjectivesareholisticandflexible.
ThefundamentalaimofthenewEnglishcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thisaimisbrokendownintofivegeneralobjectives.Theseobjectivesarethendividedintonineabilitylevelswithdescriptorsprovidedforeachlevel.Thefivegeneralobjectivesare:
1.LanguageSkills
2.LanguageKnowledge
3.AttitudestoLearning
4.LearningStrategies
5.CulturalAwareness
Thisdesignallowsstudentstoprogresssystematicallythrougheachlevelwhilstmeetingthefullrangeofthecurriculum’sdemands.
Studentsareputatthecentreofthecurriculumandindividualdifferencesarerespected
Students’mustbeattheheartofthenewcurriculum.Forexample,theirdevelopmentalneedsmustbethecentralconsiderationwhendeveloping:
lCurriculumobjectives
lTheteachingandlearningprocess
lTheassessmentprocess
lTeachingandlearningresources
Whenimplementingthecurriculumeachstudentmustbeallowedtodevelopindividuallyundertheguidanceoftheteacher:
Thecurriculumpromotesactivity-basedmethods,experientialandparticipatorylearning
Thecurriculumpromotestask-basedlearningwhereby,undertheguidanceoftheteacher,thestudentsgainasenseofachievementbyreachingthegoalsofthetask.Taskcompletionwillinvolvethefollowingtypesoflearning:
lSensory
lExperiential
l‘Handson’/practical
lParticipatory
lCooperative
Inordertoimprovetheirabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication,studentsshouldalsobeableto:
lAdjusttheirlearningstrategiesandcontroltheiremotions
lFormpositiveattitudestowardslearning
Thecurriculumrecognizestheimportantroleofformativeassessmentinpromotingstudent’development
Theassessmentsystemshouldcombineformativewithsummativeassessment.Thepurposesofassessmentshouldbeto:
lPromotestudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence
lEncourageandmotivatestudents
lHelpstudentsbecomemoreautonomouslearners
lBenefitstudents’healthypersonaldevelopment
lGiveteachersusefulfeedbackfromwhichtodevelopteachingandlearning
lInformtheongoingdevelopmentandperfectionoftheEnglishcurriculum
FormativeassessmentshouldbeanimportantpartoftheEnglishteachingandlearningprocesswithaparticularemphasison:
lEncouragingstudents’activeparticipationinlearning
lImprovingstudents’self-confidence
Summativeassessmentshouldfocuson:
lTestingstudents’integratedlanguageskills
lTestingstudents’abilitytouselanguage
Thecurriculumexpandstherangeoflearningresourcesandopportunitiesavailable
Thecurriculumshouldstrivetouseanddevelopresourceswhosecontentis:
lRealistic
lClosetothestudents’lives
lContemporary
lHealthy
lRichandvaried
Activeuseshouldbemadeof:
lAudiovisualmaterial
lPrintmedia
lTheInternet
Studentsshouldbeencouragedtotakeresponsibilityforfinding,usinganddevelopinglearningresourcesthemselves.
3.TheCurriculumDesign
Thecurriculumfollowstheinternationalpracticeofdividingthegeneralobjectivesintodifferentabilitylevels.Whendesigningtheseninelevelsconsiderationwasgiventothefollowing:
lThenatureoflanguagedevelopment
lThedifferentneedsofdifferentagegroups
lTheneedsofdifferentethnicgroupsandareas
lTheeconomicimbalancesthatexistinChina
Theaimistohavedesignedasystemthatisholisticandflexible.
Thecorrespondencebetweenthelevelsystemandthegradesystemisshowninthefollowingdiagram:
PrimarySchool
Worktowards:
Notes
Grade3
Level1
StudentsshouldstartstudyingEnglishinGrade3
Grade4
Grade5
Level2
Grade6
Therequiredstandardfortheendofprimaryschool
JuniorMiddleSchool
Grade7(=Junior1)
Level3
Grade8(=Junior2)
Level4
Grade9(=Junior3)
Level5
Therequiredstandardfortheendofjuniormiddleschool
SeniorMiddleSchool
Senior1
Level6
Senior2
Level7
Senior3
Level8
Therequiredstandardforseniormiddleschoolgraduation
Level9
Anextensionlevelforspecialistschoolsandablestudents
Diagram1:
TheLevelsandtheGrades
Part2:
IntroductiontoTheGeneralObjectives
Thefundamentalaimofthenewcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thiscomprehensivelanguagecompetenceisachievedthroughthefivegeneralobjectivesasshowninthefollowingdiagram:
lPhonetics
lVocabulary
lGrammar
lFunctions
lTopics
lListening
lSpeaking
lReading
lWriting
lMotivationandinterest
lSelf-confidenceandperseverance
lCooperativespirit
lNationalawareness
linternationalview
COMPREHENSIVE
LANGUAGE
COMPETENCE
lCulturalknowledge
lCulturalunderstanding
lAwarenessofandabilityincross-culturalcommunication
lCognitivestrategies
lMetacognitivestrategies
lCommunicativestrategies
lResourcestrategies
Diagram2:
TheGeneralObjectives
Afurtherdiagramillustratesthemorecomprehensivenatureofthenewcurriculumcomparedtotheoldone:
NewCurriculum
AttitudestoLearning
LanguageSkills
LanguageKnowledge
LearningStrategies
CulturalAwareness
OldCurriculum
phonetics
vocabulary
grammar
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