英语语法文档格式.docx
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英语语法文档格式.docx
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Iwishtosayafewwords,mayI?
That’snice,isn’tit?
Thisistheplace,isn’tit?
Everybodyknowstheanswer,don’tthey?
Nothingisserious,isn’tit?
Therewasn’tenoughtimeatthatmoment,wasthere?
Thereusedtoatowerhere,usedn’tthere?
/didn’tthere?
Whatyouneedismorepractice,isn’tit?
2.某些特殊句型的反意疑问句:
1)祈使句的反意疑问句:
表示肯定意义的祈使句,即表示“请求,提示”它的反意疑问句用willyou表达:
有时也可以用won’tyou表示。
Gohomenow,willyou?
Closethewindow,please,willyou?
否定祈使句:
以Don’t开始的祈使句:
表示“不要……”,用willyou提问:
Don’tbelateagain,willyou?
Don’tforgettopayyourincometax,willyou?
Let’s引导的祈使句表示“建议”,反意疑问句部分是:
shallwe?
Let’sgoforawalk,shallwe?
Let’shavearestnow,shallwe?
Letme或Letus引导的祈使句表示“请求”,反意疑问句部分为willyou:
Letmehaveatry,willyou?
Letushelp,willyou?
2)感叹句的反意疑问句:
一律用否定式提问。
Whatacleverboy,isn’the?
Whatalovelyday,isn’tit?
3)陈述句含有情态动词must有两种情况:
must表示“必须”,反意疑问句部分为mustn’t…?
/needn’t…?
HemuststudyhardatEnglish,mustn’the?
/needn’the?
Youmustgohomenow,needn’tyou?
/mustn’tyou?
Wemustn’tbelate,mustwe?
Must表示推测:
“一定,肯定”反意疑问句部分与must后面的动词呼应
Youmustbejoking,aren’tyou?
Hemustbeill,isn’the?
注意:
用must对过去的动作推测时,反意疑问句部分的助动词用did或have,而对过去的状态推测,反意疑问句部分的be动词用was:
Shemusthavefinishedherwork,hasn’tshe?
/didn’tshe?
Jackmusthavearrivedhereyesterday,didn’the?
Hemusthavebeenapoliceman,wasn’the?
4)陈述句中有否定副词:
hardly;
never;
seldom;
little;
few;
nowhere;
nothing等词,反意疑问句部分用肯定提问:
Frankhardlygoestoparties,doeshe?
Hehasfewfriends,hashe?
5)复合句的反意疑问句:
大多数复合句的反意疑问句都对主句提问:
Hewaspunishedbecauseheviolatedtheregulation,wasn’the?
Younevertoldmethatyouhadbeenill,didyou?
Idon’tthink/suppose/believe/imagine引导的宾语从句,这种宾语从句的反意疑问句应与从句的主语,谓语部分一致,而且用肯定式的提问。
Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,willthey?
Idon’tbelieveshehasdoneit,hasshe?
Ithinkhewillcome.Won’the?
三.巩固练习
1.It’safineday,Let’sgofishing,_____?
A.won’tweB.willweC.don’tweD.shallwe
2.Frankisworkinglateagain.Thisisthefirsttimethisweekhe’shadtostudylate,____?
A.isn’theB.hasn’titC.hasn’theD.isn’tit
3.—Daddy’sforgottoposttheletteragain,____?
—I’mafraidhe___.
A.has;
hasB.isn’t;
isC.hasn’t;
hasD.has;
hasn’t
4.—Sorry,I’mnotfeelingwellandIdon’tthinkIcanfinish.
—Don’tworry.Letusdoitforyou,____?
A.willyouB.shallweC.shan’tweD.shallyou
5.Idon’tthinkhecouldhavedonesuchastupidthinglastnight,____?
A.doIB.couldheC.didheD.hashe
6.—Thegroundiswet.
—Itmusthaverainedlastnight,____?
A.hasn’titB.didn’titC.mustn’titD.isn’tit
7.—Jennydoesn’tthinkthatRobertishonest,___?
—I’mafraidnot.
A.isheB.isn’theC.doessheD.doesn’tshe
8.—Thenewwindowsneedwashing.
—Well,let’swashthemtogether,____?
A.shallweB.willyouC.shouldweD.wouldyou
9.Thereislittlewecandoaboutit,____?
A.isthereB.can’tweC.isn’tthereD.canwe
10.—Theproblemwasn’tdifficultforhim,wasit?
—______.Heshouldhavebeengivenamoredifficultone.
A.No,itwasB.Yes,itwasC.Yes,itwasn’tD.No,itwasn’t
四.答案
DDCACBCAAD
实词notionalword
虚词structuralword
单纯词simpleword
派生词derivative
复合词compound
词性partofspeech
名词noun
专有名词propernoun
普通名词commonnoun
可数名词countablenoun
不可数名词uncountablenoun
抽象名词abstractnoun
具体名词concretnoun
物质名词materialnoun
集体名词collectivenoun
个体名词individualnoun
介词preposition
连词conjunction
动词verb
主动词mainverb
及物动词transitiveverb
不及物动词intransitiveverb
系动词linkverb
助动词auxiliaryverb
情态动词modalverb
规则动词regularverb
不规则动词irregularverb
短语动词phrasalverb
限定动词finiteverb
非限定动词infiniteverb
使役动词causativeverb
感官动词verbofsenses
动态动词eventverb
静态动词stateverb
感叹词exclamation
形容词adjective
副词adverb
方式副词adverbofmanner
程度副词adverbofdegree
时间副词adverboftime
地点副词adverbofplace
修饰性副词adjunct
连接性副词conjunct
疑问副词interogativeadverb
关系副词relativeadverb
代词pronoun
人称代词personalpronoun
物主代词possesivepronoun
反身代词reflexivepronoun
相互代词reciprocalpronoun
指示代词demonstrativepronoun
疑问代词interrogativepronoun
关系代词relativepronoun
不定代词indefinitepronoun
物主代词possecivepronoun
名词性物主代词nominalpossesiveprnoun
形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossesivepronoun
冠词article
定冠词definitearticle
不定冠词indefinitearticle
数词numeral
基数词cardinalnumeral
序数词ordinalnumeral
分数词fractionalnumeral
形式form
单数形式singularform
复数形式pluralform
限定动词finiteverbform
非限定动词non-finiteverbform
原形baseform
从属句subordinateclause
并列句coordinateclause
名词从句nominalclause
定语从句attributiveclause
状语从句adverbialclause
宾语从句objectclause
主语从句subjectclause
同位语从句appositiveclause
时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime
地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace
方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner
让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession
原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause
结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult
目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose
条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition
真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition
非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition
含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition
错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition
简单句simplesentence
并列句compoundsentence
复合句complexsentence
并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence
陈述句declarativesentence
疑问句interrogativesentence
一般疑问句generalquestion
特殊疑问句specialquestion
选择疑问句alternativequestion
附加疑问句tagquestion
反义疑问句disjunctivequestion
修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion
感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion
存在句existentialsentence
肯定句positivesentence
基本句型basicsentencepatern
否定句negativesentence
祈使句imperativesentence
省略句ellipticalsentence
感叹句exclamatorysentence
句子成分membersofsentences
主语subject
谓语predicate
宾语object
双宾语dualobject
直接宾语directobject
间接宾语indirectobject
复合宾语complexobject
同源宾语cognateobject
补语complement
主补subjectcomplement
宾补objectcomplement
表语predicative
定语attribute
同位语appositive
状语adverbial
句法关系syntaticrelationship
并列coordinate
从属subordination
修饰modification
前置修饰pre-modification
后置修饰post-modification
限制restriction
双重限制double-restriction
非限制non-restriction
数number
规则形式regularform
不规则形式irregularform
格case
普通格commoncase
所有格possessivecase
主格nominativecase
宾格objectivecase
性gender
阳性masculine
阴性feminine
通性common
中性neuter
人称person
第一人称firstperson
第二人称secondperson
第三人称thirdperson
时态tense
过去将来时pastfuturetense
过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense
过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense
一般现在时presentsimpletense
一般过去时pastsimpletense
一般将来时futuresimpletense
现在完成时pastperfecttense
过去完成时presentperfecttense
将来完成时futureperfecttense
现在进行时presentcontinuoustense
过去进行时pastcontinuoustense
将来进行时futurecontinuoustense
现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense
过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense
语态voice
主动语态activevoice
被动语态passivevoice
语气mood
陈述语气indicativemood
祈使语气imperativemood
虚拟语气subjunctivemood
否定negation
否定范围scopeofnegation
全部否定fullnegation
局部否定partialnegation
转移否定shiftofnegation
语序order
自然语序naturalorder
倒装语序inversion
全部倒装fullinversion
部分倒装partialinversion
直接引语directspeech
间接引语indirectspeech
自由直接引语freedirectspeech
自由间接引语freeindirectspeech
一致agreement
主谓一致subject-predicateagreement
语法一致grammaticalagreement
概念一致notionalagreement
就近原则principleofproximity
强调emphasis
重复repetition
语音pronunciation
语调tone
升调risingtone
降调fallingtone
降升调falling-risingtone
文体style
正式文体formal
非正式文体informal
口语spoken/oralEnglish
套语formulisticexpression
英国英语BritishEnglish
美国英语AmericanEnglish
用法usage
感情色彩emotionalcoloring
褒义commendatory
贬义derogatory
幽默humorous
讽刺sarcastic
挖苦ironic
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