Xian Travel GuideWord格式文档下载.docx
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Xian Travel GuideWord格式文档下载.docx
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.The
MuseumofTerraCottaWarriorsandHorses
ispraisedas'
theeighthmajormiracleoftheworld'
MausoleumofEmperorQinShiHuang
islistedontheWorldHeritageList,andthe
CityWall
oftheMingDynasty(1368-1644)isthelargestandmostintactMingDynastycastleintheworld.Inthecity,thereisthe3,000yearsold
BanpoVillageRemains
fromtheNeolithicAge(approximatelyfrom8000BCto5000BC),andthe
ForestofStoneSteles
thatholds3,000stonestelesofdifferentperiodsfromtheHanDynastytotheQingDynasty.AroundXian,the
FamenTemple
enjoysthereputationofbeingthe'
forefatherofpagodasandtemplesinCentralShaanxi,'
becauseitholdsthefingerbonesofSakyamuni--thefounderofBuddhism.ThenaturallandscapearoundXianisalsomarvelous
Mt.Huashan
oneofthefivebest-knownmountainsinChina,isfamousforitsbreath-takingcliffsanditsuniquecharacteristics.
TraditionaldowntownXianreferstotheareaencircledbythecitywall,thishasnowbeenexpandedtoencompasstheareawithinthesecondringroad(Er'
huanLu).TheBellToweristhegeographicalcenterofXianandthefourmainstreetsarerespectivelyDongDajie,XiDajie,NanDajieandBeiDajiewhicharealsothemaincommercialstreets.XiaoZhai,thebusiestcommercialareaisinthesouthernpartofthecityandispopularwithbothyouthsandstudentssincemanyuniversitiesarelocatedhere.ShuyuanMenandthestillunderconstructionLuomaShiaremust-visitpedestrianstreetsinthecity.XianisalsofamousforitsquantityofcollegesthroughoutChina.TheoldcampusesofmanycollegesanduniversitiesaremassedinthesouthernsuburbofXian,butmosthaveestablishednewcampusesinfarsouthernsuburb-Chang'
anDistrictduetothelackofspacewithinthecity.
AstouristdevelopmentgrowsinXian,thehotelindustryflourishesmoreandmore.ItisveryeasytofindahotelinXian,rangingfrom5starhotelstoyouthhostels.Ofcourse,itwillbeanytraveler'
sfirstchoicetostayinthecitycenterduetothesuperiorgeographicallocationandtheconvenienttransportation.
Praisedas'
thecapitaloftabledelicacies'
XianhasbeenrichinthedeliciousShaanxisnack,delicateGuangdongCuisine,variouskindsoffashionableforeigndelicacies,andpopularSichuanCuisinesuchasthehotpot.Amongallthedelicacies,themostfamousandpopularoneistheMuslimSnackStreet.
XianisthemostimportantcityinnorthwestChina,andsotherearealotofshoppingoutletsforlocalsandtouristsalike.Therearemanybigshoppingcenters,departmentstoresandsupermarketsinandaroundXiancity-thebiggestandmostcomprehensivebeingKaiYuanShoppingMallandCenturyGinwaShoppingMall.
ThenightlifeinXianhasauniqueglamour.TraditionalwaysincludeenjoyingthenightsceneryaroundtheBellTower,takingpartinaTangDynastyDinnerShow,strollingontheancientBigWildGoosePagodaSquareandwatchingthemusicfountainperformance.MoremodernandfashionablewaysincludesingingintheKTV,hangingoutinabar,ordancinginaDisco.Allinall,anyexperienceinthisancientcitywillbringyoufunandpossiblyalittlesurprise!
HistoryofXi'
an
ItisnoexaggerationthatXianisthefirstchoiceifyouarewillingtofindthelongesthistoryofChina.ThisregionisoneofthevitalbirthplacesoftheprofoundChinesecivilization.Benefitingfromthefertilelandandcomfortableclimateinancienttime,therulersof13dynastieshavesetuptheircapitalsinXiansuccessively.Thus,XianisoneofthecitieswhichpreserveawealthofhistoricalheritagesinChina.
Prehistory
TheLantianMan,whichwasfoundinLantianCountyofXian,hasinhabitedinthislandabout800,000yearsago.ThefoundedskullsfossilsissaidtobetheearliestandbestpreservedonesinChinauntilnow.Comingto300,000-400,000yearsago,theprimitivepeoplearoundXianhaveturnedintothestageofprimitiveclancommunesgradually.Thebaseofthisregion’sagriculturalproductionshouldbestartedwhentheBanpoManmadelivinghereabout6,000yearsago.TheyhavesettleddownintheeasternsuburbanofXianCity,settinguptheMatriarchalclanvillages.
IntheSlaveSociety
TheslavesocietyofChinamainlyreferstotheperiodsoftheXia(21st-16thcenturyBC),Shang(16th-11thcenturyBC),WesternZhou(11thcenturyBC-771BC)aswellasSpringandAutumnPeroid(770BC-476).Duringthislonghistory,moreandmorenationshaveimmigratedtotheGuanzhongPlainthecenterofwhichisjustcurrentXian.Therefore,bothofthisregion'
seconomyandpoliticalsystemhasgainedrapiddevelopment.UntiltotheWesternZhouDynasty,theWenwanghavemovedthecapital-FengjingtothewestbankoftheFengheRivernearbyXian.Itplayedasthedynasty'
sreligiousandculturalcenter.Later,hisheirWuwangbuiltthepoliticalcenterontheeastbankoftheFengheRiver,namely,Haojing.ThisshouldbethefirstrecordeddynastyfoundedthecapitalinXianCity.
IntheWarringStatePeriod(476BC-221BC)andtheQinDynasty(221BC-206BC)
ComingtotheendoftheEasternZhouDynasty,namely,theWarringStatesPeriod,theremainlydistributedsevenpowerfulstatesinChina.Qin,oneofthesevenstates,waslocatedinthecenterofShaanxiProvinceandeastGansuProvince.Later,YingZheng,EmperorQinShiHuang,setupthefirstfeudaldynastyinXianyang(consistsofcurrentXianandXianyangcites)afterunifyingtheothersixstates.Althoughthisdynastyfallensoon,agreatnumberofhistoricalrelicswereleft,forexample,thesofamousTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorses.Untilnow,sometraditionsandcuisinesfromtheQinDynastyarestillkeptbytheXianlocals.
IntheHanDynasty(206BC-220)
TheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-24AD),whichisthethirddynastysettingupitscapitalinXian,constructeditscapital-Chang'
anontherelicsoftheQin'
sXianyang.Once,Chang'
anCitywasthelargestoneintheworld,coveringanareaofabout36squarekilometers(13.9squaremiles).Now,thesiteoftheWeiyangPalaceispreservedwellinXian.Thefamous'
SilkRoad'
whichstartsfromtheChang'
anCityappearedduringtheperiodofWudi,openingthecommunicationbetweenChinaandoverseascountries.Ontheotherhand,theemperorscarriedoutaseriesofpoliciestohelptherehabilitationofthepeople.TheChang'
anbecameathrivingcitybothineconomyandpolityintheworldwide.
IntheSui(581-618)andTang(618-907)Dynasties
AtthefoundoftheSuiDynasty,theHan'
sChang'
anCityhasbeendestroyedseriouslyowingtolongyearsofwarsfrom220to589.Therefore,theemperorbuiltanewcityjusttosoutheastoftheoldChang'
anCity,calledDaxingCity.AftertheTangDynastyoverthrewtheSuiandcapturedtheDaxingCity,thefirstemperorofTangrenamedthecityasChang'
anCityagain.Later,somesubsequentconstructandrenovationprojectsweretaken.IntheearlyperiodofEmperorTaizong,theDamingPalacewasconstructed,whichwasthepoliticalcenterofthewholedynastylater.ThereisnodoubtthatTangshouldbethemostprosperousdynastyinChinesehistory.Thus,asthecenter,Chang'
anwasoneofthelargesteconomical,politicalandculturalcentersintheworldatthattime.MostoverseastravelersandbusinessmencametoChang'
an,enjoyingthecity'
sgloss.
Ontheotherhand,theBuddhismalsoexpandedrapidlyinChang'
anwiththesupportofthegovernors.Now,theexistingBigWildGoosePagodashouldbetheoutstandingrepresentationoftheBuddhistbuildinginXian.Additionally,theprosperousandpeacefulcityattractsagreatnumberofartistandpoets,inspiringthemtocreatesomanymasterpiecesthroughouttheages.Infact,theTangculturehasinfluencedthisregiondeeply,spanningfromarchitecturalstyletofood,eventothecity'
ssoul.
IntheMingDynasty(1368-1644)
FromtheendoftheTangDynasty,theChang'
anCityhaslostitstoppositiongradually;
however,itwasstilloneofthevitalprefecturesinthelaterdynasties.In1369oftheMingDynasty,Xiangaineditscurrentnameofficially.Fromthenextyear,thecurrentXianCityWallhasbeenconstructed.
TheSummaryoftheModernHistory
October22,1911---thelocalrevolutionistspulleddownthegovernanceoftheQingDynastyinXian.
1925---thenationalarmyledbyDr.SunYat-sunoverthrewthereactionarywarlordinXian.
1927---somemembersoftheChineseCommunistPartylaunchedamilitaryschoolinXian,traininganumberofrevolutionists.
December12,1936---ZhangXueliangandYangHuchengcapturedtheGeneralissimoChiangKaiShekbyinitiatingamilitaryexhortation,na
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