高三英语主题阅读材料3---地球与宇宙.doc
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高三英语主题阅读材料3---地球与宇宙.doc
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主题:
theearthandtheuniverse
编写:
莘庄中学
A
Init’s4.5billionyears,Earthhasevolvedfromitshot,violentbirthtothecelebratedwateryblueplanetthatstandsoutinpicturedfromspace.Butinanewbook,twonotedUniversityofWashingtonastrobiologistssaytheplanetalreadybasbegunthelogprocessofdevolvingintoaburned-outcinder,eventuallytobeswallowedbythesun.
Bytheirreckoning,Earth’s“dayinthesun”hasreached4:
30a.m.,correspondingtoits4.5billion-yearage.By5a.m.,the1billion-yearreignofanimalslandplantswillcometoanend.At8a.m.theoceanswillvaporize.Atnoon-after12billionyear-theever-expandingsun,transformedintoaredgain,willengulftheplanet,meltingawayanyevidenceiteverexistedandsendingmoleculesandatomsthatoncewereEarthfloatingoffintospace.
“Thedisappearanceofourplaneisstill7.5billionyearsaway,butpeoplereallyshouldconsiderthefateofourworldandhavearealisticunderstandingofwherewearegoing.”SaidUWastrophysicistDonaldBrownlee.“Weliveinafabulousplaceatafabuloustime.It’sahealthythingforpeopletorealizewhatatreasurethisisinspaceandtime,andfullyappreciateandprotecttheirenvironmentasmuchaspossible.”
Theprospectsofhumanssurvivingbymovingtosomeotherhabitableplanetormoonaren’tgood,BrownleeandWardcontend,becauseeventifsuchaplacewerefound,gettingtherewouldbeahugeobstacle.VariousprobessentintospacecouldsurviveEarth’sdemise,andjustafewgramsofmaterialcouldarguablycarryaDNAsamplefromeveryhuman,theysay,butit’snotlikelythehumanspeciesitselfwillsurvive.Longbeforetheplanet’sfinalend,lifewillbecomequitechallenging,andfinallyimpossible,forhumans.
Asthesungetshotterandgrowsinsize,itwillenvelopMercuryandVenus.ItispossibleitwillstopjustshortofEarth,theauthorssay,buttheconditionsstillwouldmakethisamostinhospitableplanet.Morelikely,though,thesunwillconsumeearthaswell,severingallthechemicalbondsbetweenmoleculesandsendingitsindividualatomsoutintospace,perhapseventuallytoformnewplanes.ThatwouldleaveMarsasthenearestplanettothesun,andonMarsthefadingsun’sglowwouldbelikethatofEarth’smoon.
Thatendisstillsome7.5billionyearsdistant,butbythenEarthwillhavefacedavarietyof“ends”alongtheway,theauthorssay.Thedinosaurperishedlongago.Stilltocomearethelastelephant,thelasttree,thelastflower,thelastglacier,thelastsnowflake,thelastocean,thelastlife.
“it’sahealthythinggothinkoftheplaceofEarthamongtheotherplanets,anditsplaceinthesun.Thesungavelifeandultimatelyitwillbringdeath.”
WordBank
1.evolvev. 进展, 进化, 形成
e.g.Hehasevolvedanewtheoryaftermanyyearsofresearch.
ManyVictorianswereshockedbythenotionthatManhadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.
*evolutionn.进化, 发展, 演变theoryofevolution进化论
2.reckonv. 计算, 认为, 估计
e.g.Wedidn'treckonforsuchbadweather.
Didyoureckoninthecostofthetaxi?
3.contendv. 竞争, 争斗, 争辩, 坚决主张
e.g.Ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend.
Threearmedgroupswerecontendingforpower.
4.perishv. 毁灭, 消失, 腐烂
e.g.Wemustplanourcivilizationorwemustperish.
Eventhebestqualityrubberwillperishwithage.
5.ultimatelyadv. 最后, 最终
e.g.Allwealthcomesultimatelyfromhumanlabor
1.accordingtothenewbook,thelifeexpectancyoftheEarthis___.
A.1billionyearsB.4.5billionyearsC.7.5billionyearsD.12billionyears
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat____.
A.lifeisnothing B.theworldisprecious
C.mancanneverconquernature D.thefutureofhumanspeciesisgloomy
3.Theauthorsifthenewbookbelievethatthehumanspecieswill___.
A.disappearlongbeforethedisappearanceoftheEarth
B.SurviveintheuniverseeveniftheEarthdisappears
C.FindaplacetoliveafterthedisappearanceoftheEarth
D.Besentintospacebyvariousspacecrafts
4.Allofthefollowingthingswouldcometoanendbeforethefinalendoftheearth,except___.
A.MarsB.animalsC.plantsD.oceans
5.Theauthorsofthenewbookintendtotellreadersprimarilythat___.
A.theEarthisnothingbutoneplanetinthesolarsystem
B.nothingcansurviveforever
C.weshouldcherishourlifeandenvironmentofEarth
D.thesungavelifeandultimatelyitwillbringdeath.
key:
D,B,A,A,C
B
A.launchedB.generousC.potentialD.accurateE.detectedF.predictedG.analysis
H.watchingI.crossingJ.demonstrated
TheKeplerorbitingobservatorywaslaunchedwithasimplemission-tofindotherEarths.NASAdescribesitas'asearchforhabitableplanets.'
And____1____ofitsfirst136daysofdatahasalreadybegun-withscientistscombingthroughscansof150,000stars,andevidenceof1,235potentialplanets.
Suchinformationisfascinatinginitself-butitalsoallowsscientiststoworkoutprojectionsusingstatisticalanalysis.
Oneanalysishas____2____thatone-thirdof'sun-like'stars-starswiththeclassificationF,GorK-willhaveplanetssimilartoEarth.
Traubsays,“Aboutone-thirdofFGKstarsarepredictedtohaveatleastoneterrestrial,habitable-zoneplanet.”
Traubusedstatisticalanalysisto'predict'planetsthathadnotbeen_____3__byKepler,andwhethertheywouldbewithinthe'habitablezone'.Traub'sanalysishintsthattheremaybeevenmore____4_____'Earths'orbitingthemthanpreviouslythought-andthatthis'principle'wouldextendtostarsnotyetscannedbyKepler.M
SomecommentersfeltthatTraub's'habitablezones'weretoo___5______,itincludedplanetsshroudedinicycloudsofcarbondioxide.
The$600millionKeplerspacecraft,whichwas_____6______inMarch2009,isstaringcontinuouslyatapatchofskycontainingabout150,000starsintheCygnusconstellation.
Thehigh-techequipmentanalyseseachstars'lightevery30minutes,___7_____fortelltaledipsinbrightnesswhichmayindicateaplanetis______8_____itspath.
Sophisticatedsiftingsoftwareisusedtosendthedatatoearth-boundscientists,whoscourtheresults.AsKeplercontinuestoscan,data-andanalysessuchasTraub'spaper-willcontinuetobecomemore____9_____.
Wordbank
1.orbitingobservatoryn. 天文台, 气象台, 了望台
2.projectionn. 投影, 投射 ,规划, 发射
3.terrestrialadj. 陆地的, 陆生的, 地球的
4.shroudv. 用某物覆盖或遮蔽某物
5.telltale迹象
6.scourv. 擦洗, 搜寻
KEY:
GFECBAHID
A.probably
B.goes
C.Suppose
D.everywhere
E.given
F.which
G.civilizations
H.as
I.estimates
J.possibility
C
TheFermi Paradox
Backin1950,theNobelprize-winningphysicistEnricoFermiwashavinglunchwithfriends.Conversationturnedtothe___1___of extraterrestrial life.Accordingtothepopularstory,Fermifellsilentforamomentandthenaskedthesimplebut profound question:
“WhereIsEverybody?
”
ThatquestionisnowknownastheFermi Paradox.Aversion____2____likethis.ThereareafewhundredbillionstarsintheMilkyWayGalaxy.Supposeevenhalfthosestarshaveplanets.
Thensupposeonlyoneortwoof,say,tenplanetsperstarisconducivetotheformationoflife,__3___isthecasewithourown solar system.Supposelifetakesabillionyearstogetstarted,ashappenedonearth.__4_____theevolutionofhigherlifeformstakesanothercouplebillionyears,asitdidhere.
Noneofthatwouldmatter.TheMilkyWaygalaxyisaroundtenbillionyearsold.Evenwithveryconservative____5____,itshouldstillbeswarmingwithlife–evenintelligentlife.ThelateCarlSagancalculatedthatthereshouldbesomethinglikeamillionadvanced__6____outthererightnow.
Sowherearethey?
Tabloidstoriesaside,there’snoscientificevidencefromanycornertosuggestwearen’taloneintheMilkyWay.Butwhynot?
Theevidenceshouldbe__7___.
That’sFermi’s paradox.Ithasnothingtodowithwhetheryoubelieveinflyingsaucersornot.It’sasimpleestimation:
__8____whatweknowaboutourstar,ourplanet,andhowlifeevolvedhere,wecanextrapolatetowhat__9____happenselsewhere.Andyet:
there’snosignofaliencivilizations.
Somethingmusthavegonewronginourthinking.Butwhat?
Morenexttime.
Wordbank
1.Paradoxn. 悖论, 似非而是的论点, 自相矛盾的话
2.extraterrestrial adj. 地球(或其大气圈)外的, 行星际的
3.swarmingadj. 成群移动的, 挤满的
4.extrapolatev. 推测, 推知
key:
JBHCIGDEA
D
Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience.SowhenGeorgeBushredirectedAmerica'sspaceagency,NASA,awayfromscientificresearchandtowardsamannedreturntothemoonin2004,manyscientistsweredisappointed.Nowtheagencyhasfinallyofferedsomesmallmorselsofcomfortintheformoffourprojectsthatcouldaccompanyeffortsforalunarreturn.
Themostexcitingoftheseistheplanforaradiotelescopethatcouldbeplacedonthefarsideofthemoon.Suchadevicewouldlookbackattheearlyuniversetothetimewhenlarge-scalestructuressuchasgalaxiesandstarsformed.Alunar-basedradiotelescopewouldbeabletodetectlongwavelengthsthatcannotbesensedonEarthbecausetheyareabsorbedbytheoutermostlayersoftheplanet'satmosphere.Moreoverbypointingthetelescopeawayfromthedinofshorter-wavelengthradiowavesthatareusedforcommunicationonEarth,astrophysicistswouldbeabletoseetheearlyuniverseinunprecedenteddetail.
Findingalienlifemightalsobepossiblewithsuchatelescope.Itwouldbeabletomapthemagneticfieldsofstarsandexoplanets(planetsthatcirclestarsoutsidethesolarsystem).ItisthemagneticfieldoftheEarththatprotectsitsinhabitantsfrombeingbombardedbyhigh-energyparticlesfromspace
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