高一必修2被动语态详解.doc
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高一必修2被动语态详解.doc
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Unit2
一、被动语态基础篇
1.被动语态的构成:
be+过去分词
2.时态通过助动词be变化体现:
时态
be
过去分词
done为例
例句
一般现在时
am/is/are
done
Englishisspokeninmanycountries.
一般过去时
was/were
done
SomeTVsetsforsaleinthedepartmentstore
werestolenlastnight.
一般将来时
shall/will+be
done
Hewon'tbeallowed,byhisfather,tomarryLarra.
过去将来时
would/should+be
done
Theywouldbesenttothearmywhenthey
Finishedthetraining.
现在进行时
am/is/are+being
done
Theprojectisbeingcarriedout.
过去进行时
was/were+being
done
Thecasewasbeinginvestigatedthen.
现在完成时
have/has+been
done
Thisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.
过去完成时
had+been
done
Theysaidthatproductioncostshadbeenreduced.
【说明】:
以上的八个时态可用于被动式,其它没有列举的时态都不宜用于被动语态的句子中。
3.一般能用主动语态时优先使用主动语态。
只在下列情况中才用被动语态:
(1)不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者(无须加by短语)Footballisplayedaroundtheworld.
(2)突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。
(这时可用by引导出动作的执行者)
Historyismadebythepeople.Thewoundedsoldiershavebeensavedbythosepeople.
二、语态转换的几种类型:
类型
变化
举例
主动语态
被动语态
有一个宾语
将宾语变成主语
Ibrokethebottle.
Thebottlewasbroken
byme.
有宾从句
从句的主语作被动语态的主语时,可直接把从主变被主,也it作形式主语
Weknowthathewasdying.
Hewasknowntobedying.
Itwasknownthat
hewasdying.
整个从句作被动语态
主语时,变为被动语态,
要用形式主语it.
Hehasknowsthatmany
friendswillcometoseehim.
Ithasbeenknowntohim
thatmyfriendswillcome
toseehim.
有双宾语
将其中一个宾语变主语
Hegavemeabook.
Iwasgivenabookbyhim.
Abookwasgiventomebyhim.
有复合宾语
S+O+O.C
只能将宾语变为主语
Wemadehimourmonitor.
Iheardhimsinging.
Iheardthesongsung.
Hewasmadeourmonitor.
Hewasheardsinging.
Thesongwasheardsung.
有情动词
情动词+be+过去分词
Wemustcleantheroom..
Theroommustbecleaned.
短语动词作谓语
保留动词原来所带的介词/副词
I’lllookaftertheboy.
Theboywillbelookedafter.(byme)
三、使用被动语态时需要注意的情况:
1.be+过去分词可以是被动语态形式,也可以是系表结构形式。
【区别】:
被动语态强调动作,可以带by短语;系表结构表主语的特点或状态,不带by短语。
Thejobwaswelldone.(系表结构)
Thejobwaswelldonebyaskilledworker.(被动语态)
Thecompositioniswellwritten.(系表结构)
Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare;.(被动语态)
【注意】表示状态特征的连系动词look,sound,feel,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep加形容词/名词构成系表结构。
2.不能用被动语态的几种情况:
①Therebe句型和所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的谓语动词,如:
last,hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,last,looklike,consistof等。
③表示归属的动词,如have、own、belongto等。
④表示“希望、意图”的动词,如:
wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Wang.
⑥宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
⑦谓语动词是以下时,无被动:
happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall, last(延长),cost(花费)break out(爆发)appear, burst out(迸发),hold(容纳),lack(缺乏),agree with(同意)
1.有些动词或情态动词常用所接的不定式来表示被动意义。
【如】:
happen,pretend,seem,usedto,oughtto,appear等。
Thehouseusedtobepaintedwhite.
Thejobhastobedonebeforedark.
Onthewaywehappenedtobecaughtintherain.
三、被动语态相关重要考点:
1.主动形式表被动意义
①表主语的某种属性特征的动词,如cut、read、act,clean,sell、wear、write、wash、open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,lock,run,move。
Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布易洗。
Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.这些小说不畅销。
Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上。
Thefishsmellsgood.鱼闻起来香。
②当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.Thelampsonthewallturnoff.
③want,require,need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
④beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑤在“be+形容词+todo”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。
Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.
另外:
betoblame(受谴责),betorent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
2.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
①beseated坐着:
Heisseatedonabench.(Heseatshimselfonabench.)坐在凳子上。
②behidden躲藏:
Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏门后。
③belost迷路④bedrunk喝醉⑤bedressed穿着:
Thegirlwasdressedinareadshortskirt.
1.经典例题讲解:
1.Visitors________nottotouchtheexhibits.(NMET2001)
A.willrequestB.arerequestedC.arerequestingD.request
2.Allthepreparationsforthetask___________,andwe’rereadytostart.(2000年春季高考)
A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted
3.Wheneveryonewas_______,themeetingbegan.
A.sittingB.satC.seatedD.seating
被动语态专项练习
一、选择题(2×15=30分)
()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?
A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build
()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened
()3.Cotton(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow
()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.
A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited
()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives
()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?
A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted
()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone
()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?
--Lastyear.
A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used
()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.
A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown
()10.Who_____thisbook_____?
A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written
()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus
()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump
()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.
A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput
()14.Olderpeople____well.
A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter
()15.Ourteacher______carefully.
A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened
二、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。
(1×30=30分)
1.IsteagrowninSouthChina?
(改为主动语态)
_______people_________teainSouthChina?
2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同义句转换)
Abirthdaypresent____________________________bymyparentseveryyear.
3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)
How______________theworkgoingtobefinished?
4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)
AnEnglishsong___________________bythechildren.
5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)
It______________________byyounow.
6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)
Metal________________________makingmachines.
7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)
I____________________________thatforhim.
8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.
Thefootballmatch_____________________bythem.
9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?
(改为被动语态)
__________abridge____________herebythemayearago?
10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态)
Thelightgreendresses____________________________out.
11.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)
Thegame_______________“Lianliankan”byus.
三、下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来。
(10分)
①Ihavealotofhomeworktobedonetonight.____________
②Isyourhistoryteacherlistenedcarefullyinclass?
____________
③LeiFeng'snamerememberedbyallChinesepeople.____________
④Themusicissoundedbeautiful.____________
⑤BywhowasthisneweducationalCD-ROMdesigned?
____________
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