定语从句汇总讲解学案.doc
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定语从句汇总讲解学案.doc
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高中定语从句汇总讲解
◆英语谚语欣赏
1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.不懂装懂,一事无成.
2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行,始于足下
3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼.
定语从句相关考点
1、关系代词和关系副词的选取;
2、定语从句与主谓一致;
3、关系代词的省略问题;
4、介词+which/whom…中介词的正确选用;
5、that与which;who与whom;who与that;as与which之间的选取;
6、定语从句与强调句型;
7、双重定语从句;
8、way后面的定语从句
9、定语从句(…thesame(…)that/as…such(…)as……so…as…)
结果状语从句(…such(…)that……so…that…)
Step1Leading-in(导入)用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。
Heisacleverstudent.HeisastudentwhoisgoodatEnglish.Helivesinasmallvillage.Hisgrandfatherlivedtherebefore.Iknowagirlwholivesinthevillagetoo.HernameisWangFang.WangFang’sfatherisafarmer.Heisahard-workingfarmer.
Step2语法讲解
一、定语从句形容词性从句名词或代词
先行词和关系词
的定义及相关术语
1.定语从句,又称_________性从句,用来修饰某一____词或___词,一般紧跟在被修饰词的后面。
2.定语从句的要素:
___________和___________:
Ø被定语从句修饰的词为先行词,先行词常为______或________;
Ø引导定语从句的词为关系词,分为_________和_________;
关系词通常有三个功能:
①引导句子;②代替先行词;③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
l关系代词:
_________,_________,_________,_________,_________,在定语从句中充当_________、_________、_________。
在定语从句中
主语
宾语
定语
先行词指人
who/that
(whom)/(who)/(that)
whose
先行词指物
which/that
(which)/(that)
whose
准关系代词:
as,but,than。
(下文详细说明)
l关系副词:
_________,_________,_________,在定语从句中充当_________。
先行词表示
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
时间
when
/
/
地点
/
where
/
原因(thereason)
/
/
why
3.分类:
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
1)限制性定语从句,是对先行词加以限制或分类,为句中不可缺少的部分,主句和从句之间不能用逗号分开。
在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时常被省去。
在美国英语中,that比which更常用。
2)非限制性定语从句,是对先行词的补充说明,没有它不影响句子的完整,需用逗号分开。
关系代词as,which,who,whom,whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词when,where也能引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作状语。
3)非限制性定语从句中的关系代词which,可指代整个主句或主句中的一部分,但不能用that取代,关系代词which作宾语或表语时不能省略。
Exercise1:
用()划出定语从句、用______划出先行词,并翻译成中文。
1.Thebookwhichyouwerelookingforwassoldout.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.Thepeoplewhoworkintheeducationalinstitutionareveryfriendly.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.Thesun,whichhadbeenhiddenallday,cameoutnow.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
4.Chopin,whoseworksareworld-famous,composedsomeofhismusicinthisroom.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
5.Shesaidthatthemanwasanarchitect,whichturnedouttobetrue.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
6.Everywhereyoucanseepeopleinfashionableclothes,whichshowstheymusthavewell-paidjobs.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
二、定语从句解题三步法:
第一:
找出先行词和定语从句;
第二:
看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语、定语或状语);
第三:
选择合适的关系词。
三、怎样运用关系代词和关系副词
I、如果先行词是表示人的词,作主语时多用who,作宾语时多用whom、who或that(此时可以省略关系代词);如果先行词是表示物的词,无论作主语、宾语都可用which或that,作宾语时可以省略。
但在非限制性定语从句或介词之后,不能用that,只能用which.
在定语从句中
主语
宾语
定语
先行词指人
who/that
(whom)/(who)/(that)
whose
先行词指物
which/that
(which)/(that)
whose
Exercise2who
that/which
who;who
which
who
whose
that/which
(whom/who/that)
(that/which)
which
:
用关系代词填空(答案多样)
1)YesterdayImetMr.Li______________________toldmethewholematter.
2)Ican’tfindthebook______________________isborrowedfromthelibrary.
3)Players______________________keepwarmexercisesbeforethematchplaymuchbetterthanthose______________________don't.
4)Thisistheclassroomin______________________westudy.
5)Doyouknowtheman______________________issellingfruitsnearourschool?
6)Iwanttochatwiththeman______________________nameisGeorge.
7)Aletter______________________iswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.
8)Doyouknowthegentleman______________________Maryspoketojustnow?
9)Thebook______________________Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.
10)Thefactoryin______________________hisfatherworksisfarfromhere.
II.关系代词whose作既指人又指物,在从句中作定语,译成“人的……,物的……”.
注意:
whose=先行词的所有格
在定语从句中
主语
宾语
定语
先行词指人
who/that
(whom)/(who)/(that)
whose
先行词指物
which/that
(which)/(that)
whose
whose+N.
=the+N.+ofwhich/whom
=ofwhich/whom+the+N.
Exercisewhose
thefatherofwhom
thefather
whose
thedoorofwhich
ofwhichthedoor
B
C
3:
1.Thegirl,__________fatherisalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.
2.Thegirl,__________fatherof__________isalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.
3.Thegirl,ofwhom____________________isalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.
4.Welivedinthehotelroom,______doorfacedsouth.
5.Welivedinthehotelroom,_______________________facedsouth.
6.Welivedinthehotelroom,________________________facedsouth.
7.Thisisthedesk____________arebroken.
A.legsofwhichB.whoselegsC.thatD.which
8.Helivesintheroom,thewindows________facestothesouth.
A.ofwhoseB.ofthatC.ofwhichD.whose
III.如果表示先行词的一部分如何时,指物就用ofwhich,指人就用ofwhom,即some,any,several,each,two(数词),all,both等加ofwhich或ofwhom.
Exerciseofwhom
ofwhich
ofwhich
C.ofwhom
4:
1.Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5___________arewomen.
2.Thebookcontains50poems,most___________werewrittenin1930’s.
3.Theyhadasentence,themeaning__________wascompletelybeyondthem.
4.Hehasthreesons,all___________diedinthewar.
A.ofthemB.ofwhichC.ofwhomD.which
注意:
定语从句与并列句的区别
定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:
并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①Mr.Lihaswhom
them
threedaughters,noneof_____isanengineer.()
②Mr.Lihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_____isadancer.()
IV.如果先行词是such,so,thesame或被such,so,thesame所修饰时,关系词用as。
“诸如/像…的人或事”-----“such+名词+as+定语从句”/“名词+such+as+定语从句”
“和…一样的人或事”-----“thesame+名词+as+定语从句”(指两物相似)
“thesame+名词+that+定语从句”(描述同一物品)
“和…一样…的人或事”-----“as+形容词+名词+as+定语从句”
Exercisesuch…as…诸如…的问题
5:
1.Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblems__________havesomethingtodowithourowninterests.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.Don'tdosuchthings_________youarenotsureabout.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.Thisisthesamevillage_________youvisitedwhenyouwereveryyoung.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
4.Hewastellingthekidsasfunnyastory__________hedidlasttime.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
5.Thisisthesamebag________Ilostyesterday.Thankyou.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
注意:
as在定语从句中作宾语时不可省略。
V、先行词是表示地点(如:
place,school,factory)、时间(如:
time,day,week,tear,month)、原因(reason)的名词或含有地点、时间、原因意义的抽象名词,若在从句中作状语,用where(表示地点)、when(表示时间)、why(表示原因),相当于相应的介词+which;若在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,要用that或which。
Exercisesuch…as…诸如…的问题
6:
用关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Thisistheroom______________________helives.
2.Icanseetheplayground___________________theydosports
3.Istillremembertheyear____________________IjoinedtheParty.
4.Istillremembertheday_____________________IjoinedtheParty.
5.Istillrememberthehour_____________________therocketwaslaunched
6.Thisisthereason____________________hewaskilled
7.Thisisthetown__________Ispentmychildhood.
8.Thelibrary__________youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.
9.I’llneverforgettheday__________wefirstmetinthepark.
10.I’llneverforgetthetime__________Ispentwithyou.
11.Thisisthereason__________Ididn’tcomehere.
12.Thereason__________shegavewasnottrue.
注意:
关系副词可以改写成“介词+which/whom”的形式;
但是,“介词+which/whom”的形式不一定能改写成关系副词。
思考?
在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?
Exercise7:
尝试用“介词+关系代词”填写下列句子
1.Isthisthehouse_______Shakespearewasborn?
2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.
3.Herbag,__________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.
4.Thisisthering___________shespent1000dollars.
5.XiaoWang,____________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.
方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配
1.Thegirlforwhomhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.
2.HeisthemanonwhomIthinkyoucandepend.
3.HereferredtosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.
方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配
1.Hemadeaholeinthewall,throughwhichhecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutsidethehouse.
2.ThelibrarianwithwhomIjustshookhandsworksheartandsoul.
方法3、根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配
1.Therateatwhichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.
2.Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontof(在前面)whichthereisateacher’sdesk.
小结:
介词放在关系代词之前时,关系代词只能用_________或________;介词的选择要视先行词、句意及与动词的搭配而定。
VI.which,as也可引导一个非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句所表达的内容(即把整个主句看成是先行词)。
Which译成“这(一点)……”;as译成“正如……”。
which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as位置较灵活,也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面;插在句子中或放在句子后。
如:
1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.
或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.
中文:
______________________________________________________________________________________
注意:
as的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如:
1.asissaid/mentionedabove如上所述
2.asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样
3.asiswellknown众所周知
4.aswasexpected正如预料的那样
5.ashasbeenalreadypointedout
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