普陀区高三一模英语卷及答案.doc
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普陀区高三一模英语卷及答案.doc
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2016届上海普陀高三一模
考试时间:
120分钟满分:
150分
II.GrammarandVocabulary(26分)
SectionA
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks, useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
(A)
Differentformsofhospitality(好客)
IamaBritishwomansocialanthropologist(人类学家).IoncespentayearinMoldova,inEasternEurope,(25)______(study)everydaylifeinthecountry.IstayedwithaMoldovanfamilytoseefromtheinsidehowpeoplemanagedtheirlives.Ihadawonderfultimeandmademanynewfriends.WhatIobservedisofcoursebasedonmyownexperienceataparticularplaceandtime.
Ioftenfound(26)_______surprisinglydifficulttoseelifetherethroughtheeyesofaMoldovan.Thiswas(27)______thepeopleImetwereextremelyhospitableandIwastreatedasanhonouredguestatalltimes.Asmyhosts,theywantedmetoenjoymyself,andnottoget(28)______(involve)inshopping,cooking,orotherdomesticjobs.MostmorningsIwasencouragedtogoouttoexplorethecity,orcarryoutmyresearch,andIreturnedlatertofindthatmyelderlylandladyandhersisterhadtravelledacrossthecityonbusestothecentralmarket(29)________(bring)backheavyloadsofpotatoes,awholelamb,orotherlargequantitiesofproducts.
Iwasofteninvitedtopeople’shomes,andwasalwaysofferedfoodonentering.MostoftheadultsImetenjoyedinvitingfriends,family,neighbours,colleaguesandevenstrangersintotheirhomes,(30)______theytreatedthemtofood,drink,andalivelyhospitableatmosphere.Hostshurriedtoserveguestsaswellandasquicklyaspossible.(31)______ahouseholdwasexpectingguest,largeamountsoffoodwerepreparedinadvance,usuallybythewomen.Winehadalreadybeenmade,generallybythemen,(32)______werealsoresponsibleforpouringit.Unexpectedvisitorswerestillofferedasmuchfoodanddrinkasthehousehold(33)______provideinthecircumstances.
(B)
HowEnglishfamilylifehasevolvedsincetheeighteenthcentury
ThemajorityofEnglishfamiliesofthepre-industrialage,roughlyuntilthemid-eighteencentury,livedinarurallocation.Manyofthemownedorhadtheuseofasmallpieceofland,andactuallyallfamilymemberswerebusywithagriculturalworkinoneformoranother,usually(34)_______(grow)foodfortheirownconsumptionandsometimesalsoproducingfoodorothergoodsforsale.
Thelabourwascontrolledbythehusband,(35)___________hiswifeandchildren,too,hadaneconomicvalueastheircontributionstothefamilyincomewerelikelytomakethedifferencebetweenstarvationandsurvival.
Childrenworkedfromanearlyage,girlshelpingtheirmothers,andboystheirfathers.Schoolwasanoccasionalfactorintheirlives.Instead,childrenlearnedbydoing(36)_______theirparentsshowedthem.Knowledgeofcaring(37)______animals,sewingwashandeddownfromparenttochild.
Also,mostpeopleengagedinhandicraftproductioninthehome,andthefamily(38)______(pay)toworkwithcloth,woodorleather.Ingeneral,thisworkcouldbeputasideandtakenupagainwhentherewasabreaksuchasagriculturalwork.
Theprocessofindustrializationinthesecondhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyandduringthenineteenthtransformedlifeforthemajorityofthepopulation.Itwastheuseofsteamtopowermachinery(39)______requiredlargebuildings,anditresultedintheconstructionofnumerousfactoriesinmanytownsandcities.Theseinturn(40)_______(encourage)migrationfromthecountrysideinsearchofwork.Ifelectricityhadprecededsteam,domesticindustrymighthavesurvivedmorefully.
SectionB
Directions:
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.commentB.complexC.depressionD.expectE.equivalent
F.holdsG.mappedH.recommended I.handleJ.notedK.severe
Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageora(n)____relationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858___byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidows(寡妇)andwidowers wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffect____forallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.
Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecan___tolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmoke.There’sa flipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesame___problems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.
Sohowdoesitwork?
Theeffectsarecomplex,46____bysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceof_47__laterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmay__48__stressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.
Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareall__49_ifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeing_____out,butChristakissays:
“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.”
III.ReadingComprehension(47分)
SectionA
Directions:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Whoneedssleep?
It’s2a.m.Thetimewhenyoushouldbeinbeds,soundasleep.ButpullbackthecurtainsandyoumightbesurprisedbythenumberoflightsoninyourstreetNight-timeis___51___justforsleeping.Ithasbecomethenewdaytime,offeringusthechancetocatchuponeverythingwedidn’tmanagetofinishduringwhatusedtobeour___52____hours.Now,___53___sleeping,wecancheckourbankbalancesbyphone,buygroceries,surfthenetforcheapflightsorgotothegym.
Suchflexibility,____54___,hasaprice.Ourbodiesarerunbycircadianrhythms(昼夜节律),aprehistoricinternalclockthatregulateswhenwefeelsleepyorawakeandaffectsourbodytemperatureandlevelofalertness.Itmakesourbrainsandbodies___55___duringthedayandallowsthemtorecoverthroughthenight.Sopowerfulisthisclockthateventwoweeksonanightshiftwithoutbreakwillnot___56___itsrhythm,andwhenscientistskeephumanvolunteersinisolation,withoutanyindicationofwhattimeitisintheday,theystillshowdailycyclesoftemperaturechanges,sleepandwakefulness,andhormonerelease.But,___57___workingagainstourbody’snaturalrhythmislikelytocauseourselvesbothphysicalandpsychologicaldamage.Researchalsoshowsitmayactually___58___ourriskofhealthproblemssuchasstomachdiseases.
ConsultantTomMackeybelievesthatournormalcircadianrhythmsareincreasinglybeingcompletely____59__.“Moreandmoreofusarebeingpressuredintodoingthingsatoddhours.Thisisgoingtohavea(n)___60___impactonqualityandlengthofsleep.Ifpeopledon’tgotobedatareasonabletime,sayaround11p.m.,andhavebetweensixandeighthoursofsleep,theywillbeunabletoconcentrate.Youneedsleepforrestand___61____.Ifyoustuffyourmindwithinformationfortoolong,theneverythinggetsdisorganized---youbecome__62____tomanagedaytimeactivities.”
Thecircadianrhythmsthatrunthesleep/wakecycleareasoldas___63____itself.Ourprehistoricancestorswouldhaveneededtheirbiologicalclocktogetthemouthuntingduringthedayandprobablyinbedaroundnightfalltoavoidintruders.Ournightvisionisnotasfastasthatofnocturnal(夜间活动的)animals---ournaturalrhythmwastosleepasthesunwentdown.Theinventionoftheelectriclightobviously____64___that.Likemostbiologicalsystems,circadianrhythmsarenotmadeto____65___.Ourinternalclockrunsabitlongerthan24hours,henceitsLatinname,circadian,whichmeans“aboutaday.”
51.A.byallmeansB.onearthC.innotimeD.tothisday
52.A.sleepingB.wakingC.businessD.rush
53.A.intermsofB.regardlessofC.asaresultofD.insteadof
54.A.furthermoreB.otherwiseC.howeverD.somewhat
55.A.activeB.relaxingC.tiringD.conscious
56.A.formB.destroyC.improveD.recover
57.A.EfficientlyB.ProudlyC.ContinuallyD.Independently
58.A.minimizeB.assessC.avoidD.increase
59.A.brokenB.enhancedC.emphasizedD.misunderstood
60.A.effectiveB.negativeC.directD.reliable
61.A.reservationB.
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