高考英语书面表达增分点附书面表达必备词汇.doc
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高考英语书面表达增分点附书面表达必备词汇.doc
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2018年高考英语书面表达加分点
书面表达审题“三步走”,步骤指导
第一步:
定体裁、中心
审题准——审题确定方向,行文紧扣主题
根据提示,首先要弄清写何种体裁的文章,是记叙文、说明文、应用文,还是议论文。
无论提供材料的方式是文字描述,还是图画或表格,要求文章的主要体裁是唯一的。
近几年全国卷写作考查书信类居多,在确定是应用文的书信类之后,还要审是建议信、请求信、道歉信还是推荐信等,要求写的是说明介绍、解释原因还是计划安排等。
第二步:
定要点、人称、时态
要点准——要点全而不漏
要点要全:
根据要点提示,提取keywords,拟定topicsentences。
定要点时要弄清什么该写,什么不该写;哪些该详写,哪些该略写。
人称要对:
审人称,即用什么人称来表达。
书信中常常会用到第一、二人称,但在涉及其他人、物介绍说明时,常用第三人称。
时态要准:
讲述现在的情况应用一般现在时;涉及计划打算时,常用一般将来时;涉及对以往的叙述时,常用一般过去时。
当然情态动词的恰当运用,也会使表达更加准确,语气更加自然。
第三步:
定段落
结构美——行文条理清晰,力避一段到底,根据写作提示内容与要点,常采用二段式或三段式的段落模式。
实战演练
【典例】(2015全国卷Ⅱ)假如你是李华,计划和同学去敬老院(nursinghome)陪老人们过重阳节(theDoubleNinthFestival)。
请给外教露西写封邮件,邀她一同前往,内容包括:
1.出发及返回时间;2.活动:
包饺子、表演节目等。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.结语已为你写好。
Lookingforwardtoyourreply.
Yours,
LiHua
【审题步骤】
第一步:
定体裁、中心
体裁:
anemailofinvitation
主题:
aplantovisitthenursinghome
第二步:
定要点、人称、时态
写作要点:
Point1:
toinviteLucytojoinusforavisittothenearbynursinghome
Point2:
tohelptheelderlythere
Point3:
thetimetosetoff—at9inthemorning;thetimetocome
back:
around4oclockintheafternoon
Point4:
activities—makingdumplingsandcakes,dancingandplaying
Games
人称:
采用第一、二人称
时态:
以一般将来时为主
第三步:
定段落
Para.1:
介绍重阳节,概述活动计划
Para.2:
具体活动安排
Para.3:
发出邀请及提醒
【参考范文】
DearLucy,
TheDoubleNinthFestival,whichisthedaysetasidefortheelderlyinourculture,isdrawingnear.OurclassplanistovisitthenursinghomethisSundayinordertohelptheelderlythereandenrichourafterclasslifeatthesametime.Herearesomedetailedarrangementsduringourstaythere.Wellmakedumplingsandcakeswiththeelderlypeople.Wellalsospendsomefuntimetogethersinging,dancingandplayinggames,whichwillmakethemhappy.Weshouldbebackaround4oclockintheafternoonasplanned.Imconvincedthattheactivitywillbeenjoyableandmeaningful.Ifyoudliketojoinus,pleaseletusknowandwellwaitforyouattheschoolgateat9inthemorning.
Lookingforwardtoyourreply.
Yours,
LiHua
遣好词造妙句,秒变“高大上”
在高考书面表达阅卷中,最忌讳的就是大众化的词汇和平庸的表达,要想得高分,就得多用高级词汇,注意遣词造句。
1.三大原则教你正确使用"高级词汇"
原则一:
"弃旧取新"原则
阅卷老师偏爱"学得晚"的单词,因为使用学得比较晚的单词,可以体现学生"学以致用"的意识。
例如,表示"美丽的"形容词,同学们首先想到的是初中词汇beautiful,用高中词汇appealing,ttractive,charming和fascinating等来替换beautiful,可以为书面表达提分不少。
原则二:
"短语优先"原则
高考书面表达中,多使用词组和习语来代替一些单词可以起到增加文采的作用。
例如,first可用tobegin/startwith替换;besides可以用inaddition和whatismore替换;consider可以用takesth.intoconsideration/account替换;remember可以用keepinmind替换。
原则三:
"避免重复"原则
同学们要想写出一篇好的书面表达,就要尽量避免重复多次使用同一个简单的单词。
例如,反复使用should,这时考生应该充分发散思维,灵活地运用短语besupposedto和hadbetter等进行替换。
2.常用词的高级"变身"
1.devote替换spend
Hespendsallhissparetimeinreading.→
Hedevotesallhissparetimetoreading.
2.average替换ordinary
I’manaverage(ordinary)student.
3.but替换very
Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.→
Thefilmwesawlastnightwasnothingbutinteresting.
4.seat替换sit
Onhiswaytoschool,hefoundanoldladyseated(sitting)bytheroad,lookingworried.
5.suppose替换should
Heissupposedto(should)havedrivenmoreslowly.
6.appreciate替换thank
Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.→
Weappreciateyourhelpverymuch.
7.thecase替换true
Idon’tthinkitisthecase(true).
8.on替换assoonas
Assoonashearrived,hebeganhisresearch.→
Onhisarrival,hebeganhisresearch.
9.dueto替换becauseof
Hearrivedlatedueto(becauseof)thestorm.
10.cover替换walk/read
Aftercovering(walking)10miles,weallfelttired.
11.contributeto替换behelpful/useful
PlentyofmemoryworkisundoubtedlyhelpfultoEnglishstudy.→
PlentyofmemoryworkwillundoubtedlycontributetoEnglishstudy.
12.roundthecorner替换comingsoon/nearby
①Thesummervacationisroundthecorner(comingsoon).Doyouhaveanyplans?
②LiMingstudiesinaschoolroundthecorner(nearby).
13.cometolight替换discover
Thefamilyweresopleasedwhentheydiscoveredthelostjewels.→
Thefamilyweresopleasedwhenthelostjewelscametolight.
14.haveaball替换haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself
Aftervisitingtheworkshop,wewentbacktoschool.Everyoneofushadaball(hadagoodtime).
15.comeupwith替换thinkof
Jackisveryclever.Heoftencomesupwith(thinksof)newideas.
16.setaside替换save
Somestudentsthinkthattheyshouldsetasidesomeoftheirpocketmoneyforbooks.
17.beof+n.替换adj.
Theproductsareofhighquality(verygood)andaresoldeverywhereinChina.
18.referto替换talkabout/of,mention
Theprofessoryoureferredto(talkedabout)isveryfamous.
19.lest替换sothat/inorderthat
IwrotedownhistelephonenumbersothatIwouldnotforgetit.→
IwrotedownhistelephonenumberlestIforgetit.
20.becaughtupin/becrazyabout/beabsorbedin/beaddictedto替换beinterestedin
Heiscaughtupin(interestedin)collectingstamps.
21.morethan替换very
I’mverygladtolearnthatyouarecominginSeptember.→
I’mmorethangladtolearnthatyouarecominginSeptember.
22.perfect(ly)替换good/verywell
Hespeaksperfect(good)English./HespeaksEnglishperfectly(verywell).
23.dosb.afavor替换help
Wouldyoupleasedomeafavor(helpme)toturndowntheradio?
24.inthecourseof替换during
Inthecourseof(During)themountain-climbing,pleasehelpeachotherandpayspecialattentiontoyoursafety.
25.themajorityof替换most
Themajorityof(Mostof)theintervieweespreferwatchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.
26.consistof替换bemadeupof
Ourclassconsistsof(ismadeupof)50students.
27.bewornout替换betired/broken
①Afterfivehours’non-stopwork,wewereallwornout(tired).
②Myshoesarewornout(broken).Pleasebuymeanewpair.
28.attendto替换lookafter
29.onconditionthat替换aslongas
30.nevertheless替换however
3.高级句型结构
◆It句型
①Itwillbe+sometime+before…
Itwon’tbelongbeforehumansvisittheMars.
②Itis+adj./n.+forsbtodosth.
Itisveryimportantforustolearncomputerwell,becauseithaschangedourlifesomuch.
③Itis+被强调部分+that…
ItiswhatYangLiweihasdonethatencouragesusalot.
Thosewholikereadingextensivelysayitisthroughreadingthatwegetourknowledge.
◆more…thananyother表示最高级
Indianproducesmorefilmsthananyothercountryintheworld.
◆名词从句
①Itwouldmeanagreatdealtometolistentothetapeandlearnwhatiscoveredinthetalk.
②Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
◆(非限制性)定语从句
①TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet.ItisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.
改为:
TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet,whichisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.
②Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth.I’llneverforgetitfortherestofmylife.
改为:
Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth,whichI’llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.
◆分词结构
①Idon’tknowaboutothers,butIusedtohavetoworkevenatweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesaswell.
②We’llmostlystayathomeintheeveningwatchingTV,playinggames,andmeetingpeople.
③Hearingthis,afewpeoplebegantorunafterhim.
④BorninAmerica,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistandinventor.
◆with结构
①Aterribleaccidenthappenedyesterday,withninepeoplekilledandalmosteightyinjured.
②Hewascarryingalargebagonhisshoulder,withalargesuitcaseinhislefthand.
◆倒装句
①Thelibraryistotheeastoftheteachingbuilding.
改为:
Eastoftheteachingbuildingisthelibrary.
②Althoughwearetired,wearehappy.
改为:
Tiredasweare,wearehappy.
③Hecangrowtobeausefulmanonlyinthisway.
改为:
Onlyinthiswaycanhegrowtobeausefulman.
◆被动语态
①Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.
②Allclassesaretaughtbyteacherswithrichexperienceinteachingforeignstudents.
③Newfactories,housesandroadshavebeenbuilt.
◆巧妙的改写
①Only等于noonebut
OnlyTompassedtheexamlastweek.
改为:
NoonebutTompassedtheexam.
②assoonas…可用Nosooner…than…/Hardly…when…代替
Assoonaswehadarrivedatthecinema,thefilmstarted
改为:
Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthecinemathanthefilmstarted.
③havesb/sth/done
Thegirlwasknockedoffherbicycleandhadherlegbroken
改为:
Thegirlwasknockedoffherbicycleandhadherlegwasbroken
④变换插入语的位置
However,theysuggestfeesshouldbechargedlow.
Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.
Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.
Thisisagoodchanceforyou,Ithink,toshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.
⑤用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei,whoissevenyearsold,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.
改为:
Meimei,agirlofseven,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.
◆其他
1.注重句子的开头
①用with复合结构开头
Withthesunsettinginthewest,wehadtowavegoodbyetotheworkers.
Withhishelp,we’velearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblems.
②用非谓语动词形式开头
InordertoimproveourEnglish,ourschoolheldanEnglishcontest.
Walkingtowardsthecinema,hemetaforeigner.
2.长短句交错使用(注意:
应突出主题句;长句子并非越长越好)
◆◆相关过渡语
1.表示时间顺序:
first,then,afterwards,meanwhile,later,firstofall,finally,atlast等
2.表示空间顺序:
near,nextto,farfrom,infrontof,ontheleft,ononeside等
3.表示比较、对照:
like,unlike,suchas,but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,nevertheless,otherwise等
4.表示因果关系:
because,for,asaresult,therefore,thus等
5.表示递进关系:
besides,what’smore,whatwasworse,moreover,furthermore,inaddition等
6.表示并列关系:
and,aswellas,also等
7.表示总结性:
ingeneral,inaword,inshort,onthewhole,tosumup,inbrief,toconclude等
书面表达热点话题必备词汇
热点话题的基本词汇是你顺利完成写作的保证,而其亮点词汇是你得高分的催化剂,两者都掌握才能既有内容又有质量。
话题一:
中学生的爱好与兴趣
基本词汇:
favorite(最喜欢的);taste(爱好,志趣);readnovels(读小说);surftheInternet(上网);chatonline(在线聊天);collectstamps(集邮);makee|friends(交网友);climbmountains(爬山);enjoypopmusic(喜欢流行音乐)
亮点词汇:
developaninterestin(在……方面培养兴趣);befondof(喜欢);bekeenon(对……着迷);haveatastein(喜爱)
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