0病毒各论和真菌英文版总结Word文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:6066190
- 上传时间:2023-05-06
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:22
- 大小:29.01KB
0病毒各论和真菌英文版总结Word文档格式.docx
《0病毒各论和真菌英文版总结Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《0病毒各论和真菌英文版总结Word文档格式.docx(22页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
1)core:
-ssRNA,segmented(7-8pieces)
2)NP:
surroundandbindtheRNA,type-specific,stable.
3)envelope:
M1、M2protein,lipidbilayermembrane
4)spikes:
HA、NA
Hemagglutinin(HA)
2units:
HA1andHA2
*agglutinatehumanandsomeanimalRBC
*berelatedtotheadsorptionofviruses(cellreceptor:
neuraminicacid)
*antigenicity:
showgreatvariability
AbstotheHAareprotective,neutralizeviralinfectivity.
Neuraminidase(NA)
*berelatedtothereleaseofviruses:
hydrolyzetheterminalneuraminicacidofglycoproteinonsurfaceofcell.
*antigenicity:
variable
2.Typeandvariation
⏹BasedonantigenicityofNPandMP:
----InfluenzatypeA,B,C.
⏹BasedonHA,NA:
----InfluenzaAsubtype;
eg:
H1N1,H3N2subtype
Variation:
HAandNAshowgreatvariability.
*Antigenicdrift:
whichareminorchangesbasedonmutationsinthegenomeRNA.ItcannotresultinanewinfluenzaAsubtypeandusuallycausemedianorsmallepidemicofinfluenza.
*Antigenicshift:
whicharemajorchangesbasedonthereassortmentofsegmentsofthegenomeRNA.ItcanresultinanewinfluenzaAsubtypeandusuallycauselargescaleepidemicofinfluenza.
3.Cultivation
Cultureinchickenembryo.
Cultureincellculture(non-CPE)
4.Resistance
Inactivated56℃30min.
II.PathogenesisandImmunity
influenzavirusesisspreadviarespiratorydroplets.
virusparticlesbindstocellsoftherespiratoryepithelium
Clinicalfeatures:
*respiratorytractsymptoms:
sorethroat,coughetc;
*systemicsymptoms:
headache,fever,myalgias(musclepains).
III.Control
Vaccine:
Wholeinactivatedvirusvaccines----includingH1N1,H3N2andaBsubtype.
Section2AvianInfluenzavirus
BlongtotypeAinfluenzaviruses;
caninfectbirds,pigs,horses,sealsandwhales,etc;
serotypesH5andH7areconsideredhighlypathogenicinpoultry.
Section3SARS-associatedcoronavirus(SARS-CoV)
1.Anovelcoronavirus;
2.60-220nm,+ssRNA(29.7kb),enveloped;
3.Majorstructures:
N,S,M,E
4.Transmission:
closeperson-to-personcontact
5.Associateddiseases:
SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome(SARS)
Chapter27Enteroviruses
I.Classification:
1)Poliovirus:
3serotypes
2)Coxsackievirus:
GroupAandGroupB,30serotypes
3)ECHOvirus:
34serotype
4)NewEnteroviruses:
serotype68.69.70.71.72
II.CommonProperties:
1)spherical,20-30nm,icosahedralsymmetry,nonenveloped,+ssRNA
2)cellculture(causeCPE)
3)resistance:
morestable,resistanttolipo-solvents,pH3-5,resist56℃30min
4)pathogenesis:
virus---enteron---viremia---differenttrargettissue.
Eg:
Poliovirus:
V—enteron–viremia–CNS(anteriorhorncells,cytocidaleffect)
--causePoliomyelitis
Coxs.viruses(groupB):
V—enteron-–viremia–cardiacmuscular(immunopathologicalreactions)----causeviralmyocarditis
5)thevirus-neutralizingepitopesresidemainlyinVP1,althoughtheactualsitesmaycoverVP2and/orVP3
Poliovirus
1.Threeserotypes,non-crossreaction
2.Fecal–oraltramission,
3.CausePoliomyelitis
4.Immunity:
neutralizationAb
5.Vaccine:
Bothoralpoliovaccine(OPVlive,attenuated,Sabin,1957)andinactivatedpoliovirusvaccine(IPV,Salk,1954)areavilable
Sabinvaccine---Anoralpoliomyelitisvaccineconsistingofliveattenuatedpolioviruses.Thisvaccineusesliveattenuatedvirusthatisgivenbymouth,sometimesasliquiddropsinasugarcube.
Rotaviruses
1.65-75nm,icosahedral,double-shelldcapsids(innercapsid,wheel-like)
2.dsRNA:
11segments,
3.Culture:
difficult
4.Type:
basedoninnercapsid,7groups(A-G),mostofthehumanrotavirusareofgroupA
5.Transmission:
fecal-oralroute
6.Mainlyinfectyoungchildren(6months-2years),causediarrhea.
Chapter28HepatitisA-EViruses
Manyvirusescausehepatitis.Ofthese,fivemedicallyimportantvirusesarecommonlydescribedas“hepatitisviruses”becausetheirmainsiteofinfectionistheliver.
Section1HepatitisAvirus(HAV)
APicornavirus,nowclassifiedasaheptovirus,formerlyknownasenterovirus72
I.Biologicalproperties
1.spherical,27nm,icosahedral,non-enveloped2.+ssRNA,7400bp.3.Oneserotype4.Chimpanzeeandmarmoset(绒猴)aresusceptible.5.Culture:
difficult,noCPE,growslowly.
6.Stable:
resistanceto60℃1h,pH3;
inactivatedat100℃5min.
II.Pathogenesisandimmunity
1.Sourceofinfection:
patients,subclinicalinfectedperson.
2.Transmission:
fecal-oralroute.(fromfecallycontaminatedwaterorfood)
3.Childrenarethemostfrequentlyinfectedgroup
4.Pathogenicmechanism:
HAV----mouth----intestine----blood----liver
Mechanismofhepatocytedamage:
Causeacutehepatitis.
1)viraldirecteffect2)immunolinjure
III.Control
1.γ-globulinforurgentprevention.
2.Vaccine:
Inchina,livingvaccinesarecommonlyused.(growninhumancellculture).
InUSA,inactivatedvaccinesarecommonlyused(Thevirusisgrowninhumancellcultureandinactivatedwithformalin).
Section2HepatitisBvirus(HBV)
Globally,morethan300millionpeoplearechronicallyinfectedwithHBVandabout75%ofthemareAsian.
1.Structure:
core:
1)incompletecirculardsDNA(3200bp),thelongstrandiscomplete,variablelengthoftheshortstrand.2)DNApolymerase
layercapsids:
innercapsid:
icosahedral,carryHBcAg(HBeAg)
outercapsid:
carryHBsAg,pre-SAg.
2.Threedifferentparticles:
1)Daneparticle:
intactvirion,42nm,infectious.
2)Smallsphericalparticle:
22nm,carryHBsAg.
3)Tubularparticle:
consistsofHBsAg.
3.Geneandencodedproteins
Fourregions(S,C,P,X),locatedinthelongstrand.
Sregion:
HBsAg,pre-S1protein,pre-S2protein.
Cregion:
HBcAg,HBeAg.
Pregion:
DNApolymerase(hasbothRNA-dependentandDNA-dependentactivity).
Xregion:
Xprotein.
4.Replication:
TherearesomeparallelsbetweentheHBVandtheretroviruses(reversetranscription).
5.Ags&
Abs
1)HBsAg:
4subtypes:
adr,adw,ayr,ayw;
4genetypes:
A,B,C,D;
HBsAg(+):
indicatesthatthepatientisinfectedwithHBV,eitherasarecentacuteinfectionorasacarrier;
anti-HBs:
protective.
pre-S1Agandpre-S2Ag:
*berelatedtotheadsorptionofvirus;
*enhancetheantigenicityofSprotein.
anti-pre-S1:
protective,neutralizingAb
anti-pre-S2:
2)HBcAg:
noteasilydetectiveinserum
anti-HBc:
notprotective
anti-HBc(+):
viralmultiplication,activeinfection,infectious.
3)HBeAg:
CgeneandpreCgeneencodeHBeAgprotein
easilydetectedinserum
variable
HBeAg(+):
viralmultiplication,activeinfection,infectious.
anti-HBe:
viralmultiplicationandactiveinfectionarereduced,haslessinfectious
4)HBxAg:
associatedwithhepatocellularcarcinoma.
6.Cannotgrowinanycellculture.
7.Resistance
stable60℃1h,100℃10-15min.
Ⅱ.Pathogenesis&
immunity
patients,HBsAg-carrier(WhohasHBsAgpersistingintheirbloodforatleast6months).
2.Transmissionway:
①Bybloodorbloodproducts;
②Sexualtransmission;
③Verticaltransmission:
frommothertochild(duringbirthorbreastfeeding).
3.Mechanismofpathogenesis:
①Cell–mediatedhypersensitivity
②Antibody-mediatedhypersensitivity
③Autoimmuneinjury
HBVpreCmutate----absenceofHbeAg----immunalescape
Ⅲ.MicrobiologicalDetection
1.DetecteAgs&
Abs:
HBsAg,anti-HBs,anti-HBc,HBeAg,anti-HBe.
2.DetecteHBVDNA
HBV-DNA-indicatesactivereplicationofvirus,moreaccuratethanHBeAgespeciallyincasesofescapemutants.Usedmainlyformonitoringresponsetotherapy.
3.DetecteseraDNApolymerase
Ⅳ.Control
Vaccination-highlyeffectiverecombinantvaccinesarenowavailable.
RecombinantHBsAgvaccines--madebygeneticengineeringinyeasts.
Serumderivedvaccine--preparedfromHBsAgpurifiedfromtheserumofHBVcarriers.
VTreatment
Interferon–
Lamividine-anucleosideanaloguereversetranscriptaseinhibitor.
Section3HepatitisCvirus(HCV)
1.+ssRNA,lipo-enveloped.2.Cannotculture.3.easyvariation.4.Transmission:
transmittedmainlybybloodandbloodproducts.5.HCViscloselyrelatedtohepatoma.
6.Microbiologicaldetection:
Detectanti-HCV;
DetectviralRNA:
RT-PCR.
7.Control:
Neitheractivenorpassiveimmunizationisavailable.
Section4HepatitisDvirus(HDV)
1.Spherical,35-37nm.2.
–ssRNA,circle,1700bp.OutercapsidisHBsAg.3.
Oneserotype.
4.
Defectivevirus.5.Humanandchimpanzeearesusce
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 病毒各论和真菌英文版总结 病毒 真菌 英文 总结