地理信息系统电力系统网络应用中英文对照外文翻译文献Word下载.docx
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地理信息系统电力系统网络应用中英文对照外文翻译文献Word下载.docx
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ABSTRACT
GeographicalInformationSystem(GIS)applicationsareveryhelpfultoolsfordisplayingandanalyzinginformationforseveraltechnologicalfields.TheresearchgroupofElectricalPowerSystemLab(EPSL)ofTEICisdevelopingaGISsoftwareapplicationfordisplayingtheoperationalconditionsofthepowersystemofCrete,presentingalsocriticalinformationandstatisticaldataforsystem’scharacteristics.ThistoolisintendedtohelptrainingofengineersintheElectricalDepartmentofTEICtosimulateandvisualizepowersystemoperationandcharacteristics.Besides,thistoolisveryhelpfulforapowersystemengineerinobservingthewholesystemoperationsandsystem’sdata.AlldatausedarederivedfromadatabasedevelopedbyEPSL.DigitalizedmapsofCreteIslandusethisdatabaseanddisplaythemoptionallyaccordingtouser’sdemandorchoice.So,anauthorizedusercandecidewhichdatawillbedisplayedonthemap,andwithasimplemouseclickonaselectedelementofthemaphecanbinformedaboutitscharacteristics.Furthermore,thisapplicationisbeinguploadedonweb.ThismeansthatthisapplicationrunsonaserverofEPSL,whichcanservedistantusersafterauthorizationprocedure.Thatdistanceusercouldbeatraineeinhisdesk,oranengineer,oraresearcherinthelab.Oneoftheservicesthatapplicationprovidesistheloadflowcalculationonaspecificpartofthesystem,orforaspecificscenarioofsystem’soperation.
Key-Words:
-GISapplications,PowerSystemsobservation,powersystemsweb-applications
1.INTRODUCTION
Crete’selectricalpowersystemisalargeautonomoussystemwithlargewindpowerpenetration.Thecustomer’spower&
energydemandisincreasingwithhighrates.TheoperationofthewholesystemisinchargeoftheGreekPPC(publicpowercorporation)controlcenter,locatedinIraklion,whereaSCADAsystemhasbeeninstalled.Intermsofintegrationofdispersedgenerationnewmethodsandcomputerapplicationsareadoptedtowardadaptationofthecriticalinformationofsystem’soperationalconditions.MappingandGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)arekeytoautility'
sbusiness.Thesesoftwareapplicationsstoreandmapavastamountofinformationabouttheutility'
selectricsystemandotheroutsideplants.PeopleandapplicationsacrosstheorganizationtypicallyrequireinformationfromtheGIS.ThebenefitsofadaptationofaGISforapowersystemaremany.Descriptivepresentationofdata(graphics,maps,tablesetc)andpresentationofdatainrealspaceareoffered.Theyoffer,also,convenienceconcerningdataprocessingsince,aswellastoexaminethemindifferentlayers.Itanalyzesandpresentsinformationrelatedtospatialplaces.Itcancombineelements–datafromdigitaldatabase,GPSforconcerningthespecificdefinitionofplaces,samplinganddistantmeasurements.Therelationbetweenthedatabasisandthemapsgivethechancetotheusertointeractwiththesystemofaninteractivecommunicationbetweentheuserandthesystem.Moreovermanydatabasiscanbeconnectedandcombinedimprovingtheflexibilityofthesystem.Usingspecifictoolsofsoftwaredesign(likemapobjects)wecandisplaytheresultsofaloadflowtestonthedigitalmapofCrete.It’spossibletouseGIStodefinethenumberofpeopleaswellasforecastofloaddemand.Furthermoreifweknowthedensity(people,space)wecanratetheplacesperloaddemand.Theamountofdatacanbepresentedonmapsforaquickestimationofthenetwork-systemoperationalcondition.TheGIScanobserveexternalfactorssuchasweatherconditions.Forexampleifweknowthetemperatureofanarea,we’reabletopredicttheloaddemandthere,forthenexthours.GISisahelpfultoolfornewtypesofenergymanagement.
2.SYSTEMMODELLING–TECHNICALINFORMATION
2.1PowerProduction
ThepowersystemoftheislandofCreteisthelargestautonomouspowersysteminGreecewiththehighestrateofincreasenation-wideinenergyandpowerdemand.TheconventionalgenerationsystemconsistsofthreemajorpowerplantsoneinLinoperamata,oneinChaniaandoneinAtherinolakos(thelatest).Thefirsttwopowerplantsarelocatednearthemajorloadpointsoftheisland.Thereare20thermal,oil-firedgeneratingunitswithatotalinstalledcapacityofabout742MW.Thepercentageoftheparticipationofeachgeneratortypeinthetotalelectricalpowerproductionandtheannualfuelconsumptionaredepictedinfigures1and2(Thesetwofigurescorrespondtothesystemin2001,beforeatherinolakosinstallation.
Thepowersystemcomprisesthefollowingpowerstations:
SixsteamturbinesinLinoperamata
FourdieselenginesinLinoperamata
FourgasturbinesinLinoperamata&
fivegasturbinesinChania.
OnecombinedcycleinChaniaof133.4MW(2gasturbinesand1steamturbine)
TwodieselenginesinAtherinolakos
2.2Loaddemand
Thebaseloadismainlysuppliedbythesteamanddieselunits.Thegasturbinesnormallysupplythedailypeakload.Until1988theannualpeakloaddemandalwaysoccurredinwinter,fromthenonitalwaysappearsinsummerevenings.Figure3showstheincreaseofenergydemandandpeakloadsince1964.Onecharacteristicoftheloadprofileisthelargevariations(lownightvalleys–higheveningpeaks).Gasturbineshaveahighoperatingcostthatincreasessignificantlytheaveragecostofelectricitybeingsupplied.
2.3Transmissionsystem
Thetransmissionnetwork(figure4)consistsmainlyof150kVlines.Thereareonly2linesof66kVfromLinop33(productionsub)to1Irak31(substation).Thedistributionnetworkconsistsof20kV(21kV)and15kV(15.75kV)lines.ThegenerationsystemandthetransmissionnetworkaresupervisedbyacontrolcenterlocatedinoneofthesubstationsinIraklio(2IRAK),usingaSCADAsystem.
2.4WindParks
About15WindParks(WPs)havebeeninstalledinCretesince1995oftotalcapacityofupto134.7MWandthereareplansformoreWPsinthenextyears.Thepeakwindpenetrationwasupto41.2%.Mostofthewindparkshavebeeninstalledattheeasternpartoftheisland(Sitia)thatpresentsthemostfavourablewindconditions.Asaresult,incaseoffaultsonsomeparticularlines,themajorityofthewindparkswillbedisconnected.Furthermore,theprotectionsoftheWPsmightbeactivatedincaseoffrequencyvariations,decreasingadditionallythedynamicstabilityofthesystem.Extensivetransientanalysisstudieshavethereforebeenconductedinordertoassessthedynamicbehaviourofthesystemundervariousdisturbancesandwithdifferentcombinationsofthegeneratingunits.
2.5Technicalconstraints
Thestartuppreparationtimeofageneratordependsonitstype.Thegasturbinesrequire6-12minutesforpreparation.Thesteamturbinesrequire1-2hoursin‘hot’state,and8ormorehoursforthe‘cold’state.Thedieselsrequireabout20minutes.Inaddition,theincreaserateofpowerofeachgeneratoralsodependsonitstype.Forthesteamturbinesislow.Forthegasturbinesitis16-17MW/min.Diesel’srateisalsohigh,astheyreactrapidlytoloadvariations.Inordertoavoidundesirablefrequencyincrease,thegeneratorisatitstechnicalminimumwhenitisconnectedtothesystem.Oneofthebiggestproblemsofthesystemisthehighfuelcost.GasturbinesconsumedieseloilwhichisexpensiveandincreasestheenergycostperKWh.Steamturbinesanddieselenginesconsumecrudeoil.(dieselenginesconsumedieseloilonlyatthestartupstateandthestopstate)Dieselengines,steamturbinesandwindparksreducethecostperKWh.
3.CREATIONOFGIS
ThefirstpartofthisprojectwasthecreationofGISmapsthatrepresenttheElectricalPowerSystemofCrete.ForthisreasonwecreatedaGeographicalInformationSystem(GIS)usingArcGISandMicrosoftAccess.UsingArcGISandMicrosoftAccesswerepresentedsubstations,transmissionlines,renewablesources,powerplantsofCretepresentedoveradigitizedmap.
Foreverysubstationtheelementsthatwereimportedinthedatabaseandcanbeviewedonthemapare:
1.Nameofthesubstation
2.Numberofbusses
3.Typeofthesubstation
4.Transformerdata
5.Capacitorbanks
6.LoadDemanddata
Forthetransmissionlinestheelementsthatwereimportedinthedatabaseandcanbeviewedonthemapare:
1.Circuittype
2.Circuitlength
3.electricaldatasuchasR,X,B
4.1st,2ndand3rdloadinglimits
Fortherenewablesourcesandthepowerplantstheelementsthatwereimportedinthedatabasewere:
1.location
2.InstalledPower
3.Electricaldata
Afterthecompletionofthefirstpartoftheproject,theresultwasthecreationofdigitalizedmapsofCretewheretheusercanworkwith,usingprogramssuchasArcGISorothersimilarprograms.Onesimpleprogramwhichpresentssystem’sdataiscmd01(fig.9).IthasbeendevelopedbyEPSLusingESRI’smapobjects.Theuserchoosesthelayers(data)hewantstobedisplayedonthemapofCrete.Hecanalsozoominorzoomoutinordertoobservethedesiredareaofthenetwork.
4.WEBPART
OnthesecondpartofthisprojectouraimwastotransformthedigitizedmapsthatwerecreatedwiththeuseofARCGISinaformatthatcanbeviewedinWeb.ForthisreasonweusedtechnologiessuchasApache,MySQlandSVG(ScalableVectorGraphics).WedevelopedaWebserveronaLinuxSuSe10.0ServerwhereApacheWebServerwasinstalled.Thesecondstepwastoimportthedatabasethatwasanalyzedinstep1fromwindowsaccesstoMySQL.ThechoiceforMySQLwasbasedonthefactthatisadatabasecapabletoworkonWebenvironment(figure11).ThethirdstepwasthetransformationofGISmapsinaformatthatcanbeviewed
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