文献综述-论《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉和乔利对黑人文化的不同态度.doc
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文献综述-论《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉和乔利对黑人文化的不同态度.doc
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OntheDifferentAttitudesofPecolaandChollyTowardsBlackCultureinTheBluestEyes
论《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉和乔利对黑人文化的不同态度
LiteratureReview
Abstract:
ToniMorrisonisarenownedblackwomanwriterinAmerica.MostofherworksareaboutthemiserablelifeofblackpeopleinAmerica.AsToniMorrison’sfirstandmostfamousnovel,TheBluestEyeestablishedherliteraryreputationinAmericablackliterature.Duringmanyyears,peopleoutsideandinsidehavemademanyresearchesonTheBluestEyefromdifferentaspects,suchassuchasthetragedyofPecola,thereasonsofhertragedy,themeaningofblackcommunity,thecontrastofPecola’sandClaudia’sfate,andsoon.Thisarticletriestoanalyzetheauthor,workandothers’commentsandpointsoutthispaper’ssignificance.
摘要:
托尼·莫里森是美国著名的黑人女作家。
她的大部分作品是关于美国黑人的痛苦命运的。
《最蓝的眼睛》是托尼·莫里森的第一部也是她最有名的一部作品,它确立了托尼·莫里森在美国黑人文学中的文学地位。
多年来,古今中外从不同角度对《最蓝的眼睛》的研究颇多,比如关于佩科拉悲剧,她悲剧的原因,黑人社区对黑人的意义,佩科拉和克洛迪娅的命运对比,等等。
本文通过对作者,作品和外界的评论分析,指出自己目前所研究课题的意义。
ToniMorrison,bornin1931,isoneofthemostinfluentialAmericanblackwomanwriters.TheBluestEyesin1970washerfirstnoveland30yearslateritestablishedherliteraryreputationinAmericanblackliterature.Then,ToniMorrisonwentonexploringlifeofblackpeople,especiallythesufferingofblackwomen.In1973,shecreatedSula,whichshowsrebellionspiritofblackpeople.In1977,shefinishedhermostfamousSongofSolomon.HerworkBelovedin1987hadwonPulitzerPrize.Inthe1990s,ToniMorrisonhadherlongnovelsJazzandTheParadisepublished.ToniMorrison’sworksunveiledtheparadoxandconflictsbetweenwhitecivilizationandblacktraditionwiththebigbackgroundofAmericanracistoppressionandtriedtofindoutwaysforblackpeopletogetfree.Inherworks,ToniMorrisonmadeuseofblackfolkliteratureandlegendmythstocreateadifferentatmosphere,andalsolearnedfromthewritingmethodsofMagicalismtogivetheenvironmentandcharactersamysteriouscoloring.Herdictionisquitecolloquialanddialoguesbetweencharactersareveryvivid.AllthesecharacteristicsmadeToniMorrisontherepresentativeofAmericanblackliterature.ShewontheNobelLiteraturePrizein1993,beingtheonlyblackwomanwriterwhohaswonit.Shewasdevotedtoprotectanddevelopblackculture.Allherworksarecreatedtoexposeblackpeople’shistory,fate,andspiritualworld.Andcertainlyshehadinfluencedblackpeoplealotandwassincerelyrespectedbypeople.
TheBluestEyeasarepresentativenovelbyToniMorrisonhasitsspecialsignificance.InsteadoffocusingmuchmoreonthesufferingofblackpeopleinAmericajustlikeotherworksdo,TheBluestEyepaysmoreattentiontoshowthatundertheimpactofwhitepeople’scultureblackpeopleshouldrelyonthemselvestochangetheirfate.Itplaysaveryimportantroleinblackpeople’sstruggleagainstracialprejudiceanddiscrimination.
AsthefirstnovelofToniMorrison,TheBluestEyestellsastoryabouta11-year-oldblackgirlnamedPecola.Becauseofherblackappearance,hermother,whoappreciatedanythingofwhitepeople,hatedheralot.Herclassmatesandteachersplayedtricksonher,bulliedher.Eventheownerofthecandyshopwouldnottakeaglanceatherandavoidedtouchingheruglyblackhandswhenshepaid.Pecolafeltverysadandinferior.Shethoughtthatonlywhenshebecamebeautifullikeawhitegirl,oratleasthadapairofbeautifulblueeyes,shewouldbelovedandrespected.Forblackgirlsatthattimegenerallybelievedthat“Blackpeoplewithblueeyesaremostbeautiful.”Pecolawishedtohaveapairofblueeyesdayandnight.ShespentallherpocketmoneybuyingcandiesadvertisedbyMary.Janes,abeautifulwhitegirlwithbigblueeyes.ShelikeddrinkingmilkinShirleyTemple’sglass3.Pecolathoughtshewouldownapairofblueeyesoncesheatecandiesandusedglasswithwhitegirlsonthem.However,therewasagreatcontrastbetweensweetdreamsandtheuglyandcruelreality.Pecolafailedtomakeherdreamcometrue.Instead,shewasrapedbyherownfatherandbecamepregnant,fallingintoamoremiserablesituation.TheconflictsbetweendreamsandrealitymadePecoalinsane.Shehadanillusionthatshehadgotapairofverybeautifuleyes,whichwasthebluest,butherlifestayedthesamemiserable.
TheBluestEyesdescribesblackpeople’soultwistedundertheimpactofwhiteculture.Ittellsusblackpeoplewillsufferfromconfusionandinsanityiftheytakewhitecultureandwhitepeople’swayoflife.Theywillbelostinwhitecultureiftheyabandonblackculture.Blackpeopleshouldbebothpoliticallyandeconomicallyindependentandmaketheirlifebetter.
AccordingtoWinthropD.Jordan,inhisbookWhiteOverBlack:
AmericanAttitudesTowardtheNegro,1550-1812.racismdidnotinitiallydrivethecoloniststoenslaveblacks.Slaverywasjustrecognizedasonelaborsystem.Americanwhitepeople’sattitudestowardblackpeopleoriginallycamefromtheEnglishattitudesofAfricans.ButJordansuggeststhattheEnglishweremoreinterestedinslaveryasthemostefficientformoflaboravailabletothemandnotnecessarilyasawaytoexercisetheirpreconceivednotionsconcerningtheinferiorityofAfricans.UnlikeEnglishpeople,whitepeopleinAmericaappealedtoinnate,hereditaryinferioritiesthatcouldneverbeerasedjustinordertokeeptheblackslave.AsJordanpointsoutthathardeningofslaveryandtheseparationoffreeandreligiousNegroesfromthewhitecommunityinvirtuallockstepwitheconomicchanges,withtheintegrationoftheunifiednation,withthecourseofantislavery,andwiththepatternofslaverebelliousness.JustlikeinTheBluestEye,whitepeopleforcedblackpeopletoreceivetheirwhiteculturethroughdifferentways.TheirprejudiceanddiscriminationagainstblackpeoplenotonlymadeblackpeoplesufferalotbutalsopreventedAmericafromtrueunificationandbetterdevelopment.ThoughJordanfailedtopointoutwhatslavespossiblybroughtintotheinstitutionwhenhetookalookatAfricanculture,hisresearchhasprovidedagoodfoundationuponwhichtobuildahistoryoftheoriginsanddevelopmentofAmericanslavery.
HuangYihasmadesomeresearchonTheBluestEyefromtheimpactofwhitecultureonothers.Asshepointsoutinaperiodical,theimpactofwhitepeople’scultureismainlythrougheducationofprimaryschoolsandmediasuchasfilmsandTVseries.JustlikewhatiswritteninTheBluestEye,Pecolaisdiscriminatedinschoolbyteachersandbulliedbyclassmatesbecauseofherblackness.Evensomeblackpeoplewhoarealittlewhiterthanherlookdownuponher.Thusself-hatredisarousedinherdeepheartandshemakesuphermindtochangeherappearance.FinallyPecolatotallyabandonsheridentityasablack.Pecolathinksifonlyshegetsapairofthebluesteyesshewillliveahappylifejustaswhitepeopledo.Butwhatiswaitingforheraheadisaevenmoremiserablesituation.SheshouldhavestooduptofacetheimpactofwhiteculturejustasClaudiaandherfamilydid.WithregardtoPecola’sfinaltragedy,HuangYidugouttheimportanceofblackpeople’sbeingculturallyindependent.Butshefailedtomentionanothertragedy.ThatisPecola’sfather,Cholly.Undertheimpactofwhiteculture,hewastotallyconfusedwithwhatheshoulddowithwhiteculture.
InanarticlewrittenbyZhangHongwei,sheanalyzedTheBluestEyefromaculturalperspective.Shemainlyanalyzedthreeaspectsofculturepresentedinthenovel.Theyareaestheticvalue,sexcultureandbeliefofGod.ComparedwithPecola’sbeinglostinwhiteculture,Chollytookapositiveattitudetowardhiswife’sandhisdaughter’sblacknessandhelovedherwifeverymuchbeforeshechanged.Sosheturnedhislovetohisdaughterandhisrippingherledtohisfinaltragedy.ButChollywasinfluencedalotbywhitepeople’sculturewhenhemadelovewithagirlforthefirsttime.Hewasforcedtocontinuemakingloveundertheobservationofthetwowhitepeople.Hewasveryangry.Cholly’sangershowshisculturalawarenessinhisdeepmind.Buthefearswhitepeople.Hefearstheirwhiteculture.Buthedoesnotwanttogiveuphisownculture,either.Heisweak.Heisnotbraveenoughtofightagainstwhiteculture.Chollychosetodrinktoescapethereality.
AlotofresearcheshavebeenmadeonthereasonsofPecola’stragedy.,suchasDingYan’sarticle,TheOriginofPecola’TragedyinTheBluestEye.Inthearticle,DingYananalyzedthreereasonsresponsibleforPecola’stragedy.Theyaretheimpactofwhitepeople’sculture,herfamily’sfailuretoprovidelove,andeducation.Butshefailedtopointoutthefailureofblackcommunitywhichshouldhelpblackpeoplebuildtheirownidentity.
ThereisnoevenapieceofresearchaboutthetragedyofChollyanddifferentattitudesofPecolaandCholly’stowardsblackcultureamongtheresearches.AndIthinkfurtherresearchesshouldbemadeonCholly.
Basedonthesepeople’sresearchesandviews,thispaperfindsitsowntheme,whichisonthedifferentattitudesofPecolaandChollytowardstheirownculture.Inthispaper,itconcludesintroduction,theirdifferentattitudesandreasonsandconclusion.Here,thispaperoffersitsownviewsonthenovel.Inthispaper’sintroduction,thispaperintroducesthepresentresearchsituationandthispaper’smaintaskandpurpose.AndthenitgivesabriefintroductiontoToniMorrisonandTheBluestEye.Intheattitudespart,itmainlyanalyzesPecola’sandCholly’sattitudesbyshowingsomedetailsfoundinthenovel.Inthereasonsoftheirdifferentattitudes,itmainlyanalyzesfromsociety,familyandeducation.Thesethreefactorshavegreatefforts
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- 最蓝的眼睛 文献 综述 眼睛 中佩科拉 黑人 文化 不同 态度