定语从句初中英语.docx
- 文档编号:5880515
- 上传时间:2023-05-09
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:23
- 大小:28.50KB
定语从句初中英语.docx
《定语从句初中英语.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《定语从句初中英语.docx(23页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
定语从句初中英语
一、定义:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如:
1)Theman wholivesnexttous isapoliceman.
2)Youmustdoeverything thatIdo.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
* 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why
* 关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
* 1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)Theboys who areplayingfootball arefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman who losthisway.
* 2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson (whom)youtalkedabout.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(2)Theman(who/whom )youmetjustnow ismyfriend.
* 3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagame which islikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen (which) heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)
* 4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(1)Thepeople that/who cometovisitthecity areallhere.(在句子中做主语)
(2)Whereistheman (that/whom )Isawthismorning?
(在句子中做宾语)
* 5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriend whose fatherisadoctor.
(2)Ilivedinahouse whose roofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroom whosedoor isbroken willsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroom thedoorofwhichisbroken willsoonberepaired.
(4)Doyoulikethebook whosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebook thecolorofwhichisyellow?
* 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
1、只能使用that,不用which的情况:
* 1)当先行词是:
all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。
Isthere anything thatIcandoforyou?
有什么可以为你做的吗?
All thatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必须做。
* 2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
例如:
Thatisoneof themostinteresting booksthataresoldinthebookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
Thefirst thingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
* 3)当先行词有:
theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。
例如:
Mynecklaceisnot theonly thingthat'smissing.
我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
* 4)当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或 who,以避免重复。
例如:
Who isthegirl that iswearingaredcoat?
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?
* 5)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that。
例如:
Thewriter and hisnovel that youhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
2、只用which不用that的情况:
* 1)关系代词前有介词时;
e.g.Thisistheroom inwhich LuXunlived.
* 2) 非限定性定语从句中;作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
e.g.Thatnecklace, which yougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.
Hehasadaughter, who worksinahospital.
* 3)先行词本身是that时;
e.g.Theclockisthat which tellsthetime
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。
CharlesSmith, who wasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
(非限)
Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)
* 4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与andthis相似,并可以指人。
Hedidverywellinthecompetition, which madehisparentsveryhappy.
* 关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,
Thatwastheroom inwhich wehadlivedfortenyears.
=Thatwastheroom which wehadlived in fortenyears.
* 像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
例如:
Thisistheboywhomshehas takencareof.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
* 1、when:
当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时,它只能作定语从句的时间状语,放在定语从句句首。
如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语,则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。
例如:
I’llneverforgetthetime when weworkedonthefarm.
HearrivedinBeijingontheday when Ileft.
Thedays when weusedforeignoilaregone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
I'llneverforgettheday when Iwasborn.(=I'llneverforgetmybirthday.)我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。
IthappenedinNovember when theweatherwaswetandcold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。
Theday (that) Ialwaysrememberinallmylifeismybirthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。
(that作定语从句"thatIalwaysrememberinallmylife"的宾语,that可以省略)
* 2、where:
当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时,它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语,放在定语从句的句首。
如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时,也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。
例如:
Thefactory where hisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity
Thisistheroom where(=inwhich) Ilivedlastyear.这就是我去年住过的房间。
Isthistheclassroom where(=inwhich) theoldworkerisgoingtomake/giveusareport?
这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗?
Let'slookforaplace where wecanswim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。
Thebuilding that isbeingbuiltovertherewillbeanewhospital.正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。
(引导词that作定语从句"thatisbeingbuiltoverthere"的主语)
Thatisthefactory (that) theyvisitedlastmonth.那就是他们上个月参观过的工厂。
(引导词that作定语从句"(that)theyvisitedlastmonth"的宾语,that可以省略)
* 注意:
不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when,在地点名词后就一定用关系副词where,在表示原因的thereason后就一定用关系副词why。
到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
如:
Don’tforgetthetime (that) I’vetoldyou.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
(that用作told的宾语)
I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。
(when用作状语)
Heworksinafactory that/which makesradioparts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。
(that/which在从句中用作主语,且不能省略)
Heworksinthefactory where hisfatherworked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。
(where作状语)
That’sthereason (that/which) heexplainedtous.那就是他向我们解释的理由。
(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)
That’sthereason why shelefthome.那就是她离家出走的原因。
(why在从句中作状语)
* 英语中的关系副词主要是when,where,why三个,不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰theway。
如不说Thisisthewayhowhespoke,
可改为Thisishowhespoke(how引导的是表语从句),
当然也可说成Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hespoke.(其中的that/inwhich可省略)
* 另外,when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句,不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Sundayisaholiday, when peopledonotgotowork.
星期天是假日,(这天)人们不上班。
Hetookusintotheclassroom, where therewereonlyafewstudents.
他把我们带进教室,那儿只有少数几个学生。
* 在定语从句的使用中,one of后面的名词是复数,这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词,用复数;而在one of 前面有the或the only时,后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。
Heisthe only one of thestudentswhoiselected?
Jasperis oneof thosepeoplewho know abouttheaccident.
定语从句练习
一、请分析一下定语从句:
(请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)
1. CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.
2. AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.
3. Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.
4. Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.
5. Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.
6. Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?
8. HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.
9. MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.
10.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?
12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.
13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.
14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.
15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.
二、用关系代词填空:
that、which、who、whom、whose
1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.
2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.
3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.
4.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.
5.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.
6.Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.
7.Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.
8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.
9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.
10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.
11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.
12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.
13.Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.
14.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.
15.Thebook ____________ isonthetableismine.
16.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.
17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____ Ihaveevervisited.
18.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?
19.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.
20.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.
三、单项选择
( )1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.
A.who B.which C.whom D.whose
( )2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.
A.whicharelistening B.youarelisteningto
C.tothatyouarelistening D.thatyouarelistening
( )3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.
A.inwhich B.inthatthis C.allthat D.ineverything
( )4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.
A.whom B.whose C.that D.which
( )5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.
A.where B.inwhich C.which D.inthat
( )6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.
A.that B.what C.which D.who
( )7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?
A.whomIoftentalk B.withwhoIoftentalk
C.Ioftentalkwith D.thatIoftentalk
( )8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.
A.whose B.who’s C.it's D.its
( )9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?
A.whatIneed B.Ineed C.whichIneedit D.thatIneedit
( )10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.
A.who B.towhom C.whom D.that
( )11、Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
( )12、 Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
( )13、 Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
( )14、 Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.
A. works B. is working C. are working C. has been working
( )15、Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn
( )16、We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom C. wh
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 定语 从句 初中英语