论文范例Word文档格式.docx
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论文范例Word文档格式.docx
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2.LinguisticFeaturesofBusinessEnglish…………………………4
2.1.DefinitionofBusinessEnglish…………………………………4
2.2.FunctionsofBusinessEnglish…………………………………4
2.3.LexicalAnalysisofBusinessEnglish…………………………5
2.3.1.UseofAbbreviations…………………………………………5
2.3.2.UseofCompounds…………………………………………6
2.3.3.UseofFormalWords…………………………………………6
2.3.4.UseofTechnicalTerms…………………………………………7
2.3.5.UseofShootandSimpleVerbs………………………………8
2.4.SyntacticFeaturesofBusinessEnglish………………………8
2.4.1.SentenceLength…………………………………………8
2.4.2.UseofProgrammedSentenceStructure……………………9
2.4.3.UseofStrongOpeningSentence……………………………10
2.5.WordingFeaturesofBusinessEnglish…………………………10
2.5.1.UseofthePresentTense…………………………………11
2.5.2.MoreUsesoftheActiveVoice……………………………11
2.5.3.MoreUsesoftheDirectWaytoExpressMeaning……………11
2.5.4.UseofCourteousTone………………………………………11
3.TranslationTechniquesofBusinessEnglish………………………………………12
3.1.DefinitionofTranslation………………………………………12
3.2.BusinessTranslationatPresent…………………………………12
3.3.StandardsforBusinessEnglishTranslation……………………13
3.4.TranslationTechniquesofBusinessEnglish…………………14
3.4.1.ChoosingtheExactWords……………………………………14
3.4.1.1.IdentifyingtheBasicMeaningandExtendedMeaning…14
3.4.1.2.IdentifyingtheNormalMeaningandTechnicalMeaning…15
3.4.2.OmissionandSupplement…………………………………15
3.4.2.1.OmissionofUnnecessaryWords……………………15
3.4.2.2.OmissionofCumbersomeWords……………………………15
3.4.2.3.AddingNecessaryWordsandExpression…………………16
4.OtherTechniques…………………………………………………………………16
4.1.TransformationofPartsofSpeech………………………………16
4.1.1.TranslatingNounsintoVerbs…………………………………16
4.1.2.TranslatingAdjectivesintoAdverbs…………………………17
4.1.3.TranslatingAdjectivesintoverbs……………………………17
4.2.TranslationofAbbreviations……………………………………17
4.3.TranslationofCourteousTone………………………………18
5.RequirementsforTranslators………………………………………18
6.Conclusion…………………………………………………………19
Bibliography………………………………………………………21
Acknowledgements……………………………………………22
Abstract
Withthedeepeningofglobalizationoftheworldeconomy,internationalbusinessintercoursehasbeeninamuchmorefrequenttrend.Englishhasbeeninvolvedinvariousfieldsincommercialactivities,suchasthetechnologytransfer,foreigntrade,internationalfinancing,transnationaltourismandinternationaltransportation,arewhollycalledbusinessEnglish.Englishhasbecomeanindispensablelinguisticcommunicationmeansintheworldeconomicfield.SoitisimportantforustolearnbusinessEnglish.BusinessEnglishhasitsdistinctfeatures.Thispaperdiscussesitsfeaturesfromthreeaspects:
lexis,syntaxandpragmatics.ThesefeaturesshouldbefullyunderstoodandexercisedflexiblyinthecourseoftranslationofbusinessEnglish,whichisthepreconditionofaproperandgoodtranslation.Meanwhile,therearemanytranslationtechniques,suchasomission,supplement,transformationandsoon.Oneshouldmanagesometranslationtechniquesastobeagoodtranslator.InordertohelpreadersknowmoreabouttranslationtechniquesofbusinessEnglish,thispaperalsodiscussessometranslationtechniquesofbusinessEnglish.
KeyWords:
BusinessEnglish;
linguisticfeatures;
translationtechniques
摘要
随着经济全球化的深入,国际贸易日趋频繁。
英语被广泛应用到各商业领域,如技术转让、跨国贸易、国际融资,旅游和国际运输等,所有这些统称为商务英语。
英语已经成为世界上必不可少的交流工具。
商务英语的语言有其鲜明的特点。
本文从用词、句法和用语三方面探讨了商务英语的语言特点。
充分了解和掌握这些特点,并灵活地运用到商务英语的翻译之中,是做好商务英语翻译的前提。
同时,商务英语有很多翻译技巧,比如增词、减词和词类转换等。
想成为一个好的译者,掌握一些翻译技巧是很有必要的。
为了让读者更好的了解这些翻译技巧,本文着重探讨了一些商务英语的翻译技巧,希望对读者有所帮助。
关键词:
商务英语;
语言特点;
翻译技巧
LINGUISTICFEATURESANDTRANSLATION
TECHNIQUESOFBUSINESSENGLISH
1.Introduction
BusinessEnglishlanguageisnowwidelyusedintheeconomyarea.ItisdifferentfromnormalEnglishlanguage,whichcanbeseenfromlexicalfeatures,syntacticfeaturesandwordingfeatures.Basedontheselinguisticfeatures,thetranslationmethodsofbusinessEnglisharedifferentfromnormalones.Here,somenewtranslationtechniquesofbusinessEnglishwillbeintroduced.
2.LinguisticFeaturesofBusinessEnglish
2.1.DefinitionofBusinessEnglish
BusinessEnglishisaspecialtermgiventoEnglishbynon-Englishspeakingnationsforinternationaltrade.ItisusuallycalledbusinessEnglish,BusinessCorrespondenceorBusinessLetterintheUSA.InBritain,itisoftencalledCommercialEnglishorCommercialCorrespondenceorCommercialLetter.
BusinessEnglishreferstotheEnglishusedinbusinesscorrespondenceandactivities.Togiveitamoredetaileddefinition,businessEnglishincludesOrdinaryBusinessEnglishandSpecializedBusinessEnglish.TheformercoversvariousEnglishbooks,magazines,newspapersandsoon.SpecializedBusinessEnglishonlyincludesdocuments,laws,regulations,letters,specializedtheoriesandpracticeinbusinessactivities.SpecializedBusinessEnglishdistinguishesfromOrdinaryBusinessEnglishinsomeaspects,thusitiswhatthisessaymainlyfocuseson.
2.2.FunctionsofBusinessEnglish
TherearemanyfunctionsofbusinessEnglish,suchasextendingthecompany’sexploration,buildingrelationshipswithdifferentcountries’adventuresandsoon.WhilethemostimportantfunctionofbusinessEnglishiscommunication.Inbusiness
activities,weneedtoknowtheinformationofthegoodsincludingname,price,quality,quantityandsoon.Bothpartiesinabusinessactivityneedtoestablishtradingrelationsfirstandmakedetailedagreementsonmanytradingterms.Alltheseneedtobeachievedbymutualcommunication.
2.3.LexicalAnalysisofBusinessEnglish
ThebusinessEnglish’slexisisdifferentfromnormalEnglish’slexis,whichcanbeseenfromthefollowingaspects.
2.3.1.UseofAbbreviations
Theword‘abbreviation’,strictlymeansashorteningorabridgment,commonlyreferstoaletteroragroupofletterstakenfromasinglewordorphrase,andusedforbrevity’ssake,torepresentthatwordorphrase.
InbusinessEnglish,abbreviationsareveryoftenusedtosavespaceandtime.ThisconformstotheconcisenesscharacteristicofbusinessEnglish.However,whenweusetheabbreviations,weshouldknowtheirmeaningsandknowwheretheyareappropriate.InbusinessEnglish,mostabbreviationshavethefixedmeanings.
1)InternationalTradeTerms
FOB(=freeonboard)指定装运港船上交货
CIF(=cost,insuranceandfreight)成本加保费加运费
FCA(=freecarrier)货交承运人价格
2)InternationalTradeAbbreviations
F.A.Q(=fairaveragequality)平均中等品质
D.W.T(=deadweighton)载重吨位
PCT(=percent)百分比
3)AbbreviationsandSimplifiedWordsCommonlyUsedinCablesandTelexes
PLS(=please)
ASAP(=assoonaspossible)
DOC(=document)
4)CountryCodes
CN(=China)
US(=UnitedStates)
UK(=theUnitedKingdom)
5)InternationalOrganizations
WTO(=WorldTradeOrganization)
6)CurrencyCodes
CNY(=ChineseYuan)
USD(=UnitedStateDollar)
AbbreviationsofbusinessEnglishhaveaspecialsysteminexpressiondifferentfromtheoneofdailyEnglish.IfweflouttheuniquecharacteristicsofbusinessEnglishabbreviationstorenderthosefrequentlyusedabbreviations,itisimpossibletoservesuccessfullyfortheinternationaltrade.
2.3.2.UseofCompounds
ManycompoundsareusedinbusinessEnglish,whichcanberarelyseeninotherwrittenstyles.
Vacuum-packed真空包装的
Encouragementpolicy鼓励政策
Companyprofit公司利润
Thereon在其上
Whereof关于此
Hereafter今后,凭此
2.3.3.UseofFormalWords
Let’slookatthefollowingexamplefirst.
1)Thiscontractcanonlyaltered,amendedorsupplementedinaccordancewithdocumentssignedandsealedbyauthorizedrepresentativesofbothparties.
Here,manyformalwordssuchasamend,supplement,documents,authorize,representativesareused.
InbusinessEnglish,formalwordsareveryoftenusedtoachieveaformaltone.Suchexamplesaremoreoftenfoundinbusinesscontracts.Forinstance,
1)Thedraweeisrequiredtopaythebillacertainnumberofdaysaftersight.
‘Require’ismoreformalthan‘need’.
2)Withregardtothepayee,thedrawermayuseoneofthefollowingmethods.
‘Withregardto’ismoreformalthan‘about’.
Wemaylistmoreexamplesasfollows:
Intheeventof/if
Forthepurposeof/for
Priorto/before
Infavorof/for/to
Supplement/addto
Certify/prove
Inaccordancewith/by
2.3.4.UseofTechniqueTerms
BusinessEnglishiscloselyrelatedtothespecialfieldofknowledge.Therefore,therearealotoftechniquetermsinbusinessEnglish.
Let’slookatadialoguefirst:
A:
Ihavebeenreviewingthebudgetandafewthingsworryme.
B:
Whatarethey?
Ithinkweneedtoreducesomeofourdebt.
Howdoyouthinkweshoulddothat?
Weshouldliquidatesomeofourinvestments.
B:
Whichones?
Well,Idon’treallyunderstandwhyweownpartofXYZinc…
Ihaveneverreallyunderstandthateither.Welosemoneyeachyear.
Thenthat’sapotentialplace.Idon’twanttotouchstaff.
Iagree.Weareunder-staffedifanything.
Iwantyoutoprepareacashflowprojectionifwedivest.
I’llpreparesomethingforyouASAP….
()
Insuchashortdialogue,wecanseemanyvocabulariesofeconomyandtrading,suchasbudget,debt,liquidate,investment,cashflowandsoon.Inordertocompletelyunderstandthisdialogue,weshouldfirstunderstandthosetechnicalterms.So,tolearnbusi
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