八年级上历史复习提纲九年义务教育课本History review outline for grade eight compulsory educationWord文件下载.docx
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八年级上历史复习提纲九年义务教育课本History review outline for grade eight compulsory educationWord文件下载.docx
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.In1853,theregimewasestablishedagainsttheQingDynasty
7.ZuoZongtangastheimperialenvoy,takethe"
firstNorthSouth,"
slowquickwar"
strategy,Xinjiangrecovered.Inordertostrengthenthemanagementanddefenseofthenorthwestfrontier,ZuoZongtangrecoveredthebasicfactsinXinjiang:
ZuoZongtangin1876toentertheXinjiang,1881ChineserecoverYili,1884theQinggovernmentsetupinXinjiangprovince.
The8.SinoJapaneseWar(1894):
thebattleoftheYellowSea(DengShichangheroicsacrifice)
TheSinoJapanesewarafterthefailureoftheQinggovernment,inApril1895,LiHongzhangandJapanesePrimeMinisterItouHirofumisignedtheSinoJapanese"
TreatyofShimonoseki"
greatlyenhancethedegreeofsemicolonialChinese.(P17)
InJune9.1900,theUnitedStatesandBritain,France,Germany,Italy,Japan,Russia,AustriaEightPowerAlliedforceslaunchedawarofaggressionistosuppressthemovementofChinaexecutioner,peoplehavecommittedagreatsin.
InSeptember10.1901,theQinggovernmentwasforcedtothesameeightsigneda"
Treatyof1901"
theQinggovernmenthasbecometheruleofimperialismChinesetools.Chinesecompletelyreducedtoasemicolonialandsemifeudalsociety.(P22-23)
HowdidChinagraduallybecomeasemicolonialandsemifeudalsociety?
Answer:
begantobecome:
theOpiumWar--the"
greatlyenhancetheSinoJapaneseWar--the"
completelyreducedto:
theEightPowerAlliedforceswar--"
powers,throughwar,forcedtheQinggovernmenttosigntheunequaltreaty,expandingtheprivileges,theChinareducedtoitshalfthecolonialgovernmentofQingDynasty,theybecameChinaruletool.
Thedifficultstartofmodernizationofunitsecond
11.,themainrepresentativesoftheWesternizationMovement:
Central:
YiXin;
local:
ZhengGuofan,LiHongzhang,ZuoZongtang,ZhangZhidong.(Objective:
thedivisionofYinationalityandthelongtechnique),andputforwardthesloganof"
strengtheningoneself"
and"
seekingrich"
.Nature:
theself-helpmovementofthefeudalrulingclass
Militaryindustry:
in1865,LiHongzhangestablishedtheJiangnanmanufacturingBureauinShanghai;
in1866,ZuoZongtangFuzhoudockyardwasestablishedinFuzhou.Civilindustry:
1.In1872,LiHongzhangsetupthesteamshipmerchantsBureauinShanghai;
in1880,LiHongzhangestablishedthegeneraltelegramofficeinTianjin;
on1893,TangXurailwaywasopenedtotraffic.
In1876,thefirstChinaappearedofficiallyputintooperationoftherailwayisShanghairailway.
12.,evaluationoftheWesternizationMovement(thirtiethpages,focusingon)
(1)ZhangJianisthe1894imperialexaminationchampion,holdinghisindustrialsalvationambition,homefoundedDashengcottonmill,thefactorygraduallydevelopedintoalargescalecottontextileenterprises.
(2)ZhanTianyouisanoutstandingrailwayengineerinourcountry.In1904,hepresidedovertheconstructionoftheBeijingZhangjiakouRailway,whichwasopenedtotrafficin1909.ItwasthefirstrailwaylinedesignedandbuiltbytheChinesethemselves.
13."
busletter"
(1895,leaders:
KangYouwei,LiangQichao),openedthepreludetothereformmovement.(the"
fuse"
thesigningoftheTreatyofShimonoseki)
14.1898yearsfromJunetoSeptember,EmperorGuangxuissuedaseriesofchangesinlaw,content(P37):
(1898):
Representatives:
KangYouwei,LiangQichao,TanSitong.Themaincontents:
EconomicDevelopment:
agriculturalbusiness;
militarytrainingnewarmyandNavy;
Politics:
thefounderofthepress,openingremarks;
removeunnecessaryanduselessgovernmentofficial;
cultureandeducation:
thestart-upofnewschoolpersonneltraining,theabolitionofimperialexaminationsystemstereotypedwriting.In1905,theQinggovernmentabolishedtheimperialexaminationsystem,whichlastedformorethan1300years.Calledthe"
HundredDaysReform"
or"
1898"
Sincemoderntimes,theinvasionofpowers,nationalcrisis,somepatrioticthinkersrecognizethattochangethestatusquo,wemustlearnthestrengthsofthewest,representativesofWeiandYanFu.Amongthem,"
HaiguoWeiyuanbooks"
onebook,introducesthehistoryandgeographyofSoutheastAsia,EuropeandtheUnitedStates,andthattheaimofwritingis"
learningtechnologytothebarbarians"
.YanFuistheEnlightenmentthinkersduringthereformmovementof1898,hetranslatedthe"
theoryofevolution"
expoundsthe"
survivalofthefittestinnaturalselection,survivalofthefittest"
"
theworldwillenter,isnow"
theviewofprogress.
Themainrevolutionaryactivitiesof15.SunZhongshan:
in1894,SunZhongshanestablishedinHonoluluxingzhonghui,markingtheinitialformationofChinabourgeoisrevolutionary.TheestablishmentofChineseAlliance:
foundedin1905bySunZhongshaninJapanandTokyo;
slogan:
"
expeltheinvaders,therestorationofChina,foundedtheRepublicofChina,theaveragelandownership"
.Inthedevelopmentof"
nation"
humanrights"
people'
slivelihood"
threeprinciple;
threeprinciplesofthepeopleistheguidingideologyofSunZhongshanledtherevolutionof1911Revolution;
Objective:
tooverthrowtheQingDynasty,theestablishmentofthebourgeoisrepublic;
ChineseChineseallianceisthefirstnationalscaleofbourgeoisrevolutionaryparty.
InOctober10th16.1911,therevolutionarypartylaunchedanuprisinginHubei,Wuchang,knownasthe"
Wuchanguprising"
"
.
Significance:
(P43)but..,
Thefruitsofthe1911RevolutionwerestolenbyYuanShikai,anorthernwarlord,andfailedtoaccomplishthetaskofantiimperialismandfeudalism.Limitations:
itdidnotchangethenatureofChina'
ssemicolonialandsemifeudalsociety.
17.1915years,theNewCultureMovement:
themaincharacters:
ChenDuxiu(thefounderofthe"
NewYouth"
magazine,advocating"
LiteraryRevolution"
),LiDazhao(Marxist),LuXun,HuShi("
literaturediscussionimprovement"
advocatetheuseofthevernacularinsteadofclassicalChinese);
theslogan:
downwithConfucianism"
thebanner"
democracy"
science"
fouradvocates,fouragainst.Mainperiodicals:
newyouth;
mainpositions:
NewYouthmagazineandPekingUniversity.
In1917,thevictoryoftheRussianOctoberrevolution,theChinaadvancedintellectualssaw"
thedawnofthenewcentury"
1918,LiDazhaointhe"
magazine,publishedacontinuous"
plebeianvictory"
Bolshevism"
triumphoftwopapers,celebratetheOctoberrevolution.
TheestablishmentofBeijingNormalUniversitySchoolReformMovementin19.,isthehighestinstitutionoffirstnationalChineseestablishment,theonlyoutcomeistheHundredDaysReformleft,1912tothePekingUniversity,becamethebirthplaceofthenewculturemovementandthecenteroftheMay4thMovement;
in1905theQinggovernmentannouncedtheabolitionoftheimperialexaminationsystem,theabolitionoftheimperialexaminationsystemisamajoreventinChinesethehistoryofeducation.(P51)
Declaration"
:
itwasfirstpublishedinShanghaiin1872.Itwasthefirstcommercialnewspaperinmodernchina.Thecommercialpressin1897,foundedinShanghai,itmainlytopublishnewtextbooks,referencebooksandthetranslationandintroductionofwesternacademicworks,isChinesemodernhistoryisthelongest,oneofthelargestculturalpublishingagency.
Photography:
borninthelate1830sinwesterncountries,itwasintroducedintoChinain40s.
Film:
1896,ShanghaiXugarden"
village"
show"
theWesternmovie"
thisisthefirsttimeChinafilmscreenings,1905,Chinesehimselftookthefirstfilm"
Dingjunshan"
whichopenedapreludetoChinafilmcareer.
Haircutbraid:
on1912,SunZhongshanissuedarequesttocutbraid,braids,ac
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