痔疮诊治指南Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoidsWord格式.docx
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痔疮诊治指南Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoidsWord格式.docx
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clinicalguidelinesforthediagnosisandtreatmentofhemorrhoids(Draft)"
.
Classificationofhemorrhoids
Hemorrhoidsaredividedintointernalandexternalhemorrhoidsandmixedhemorrhoid.Istheinternalhemorrhoidanalcushion(analvascularpad)supportstructure,vascularplexusandarteriovenousanastomosisoccurredpathologicalchangeandshift;
externalisthedentatelinedistalsubcutaneousvascularplexusexpansion,bloodstasis,thrombosisortissuehyperplasia,accordingtothepathologicalcharacteristicsoftissue,externalhemorrhoidscanbedividedintoconnectivetissue,andthromboticvaricoseveinsandinflammatoryexternalhemorrhoids4;
mixedhemorrhoidsexternalhemorrhoidsandhemorrhoidsistheintegrationofthecorrespondingpartsofthevascularplexus.
Two、diagnosisofhemorrhoids
(I)clinicalmanifestation
1.:
themainclinicalmanifestationsofhemorrhoidsbleedingandprolapse,complicatedbythrombosis,incarceration,strangulationandbowelproblems.Accordingtotheseverityofsymptomsofhemorrhoids,dividedinto4degrees.Idegrees:
whentakingbloodandblooddrop,thenthebleedingcanstopbyitself;
nohemorrhoidprolapse.II:
oftenhavehematochezia;
defecationhaveprolapse,aftercanalsosatisfied.Thirddegree:
canhavehematochezia;
defecationorlongstandingandcough,fatigue,weighthaveprolapse,handalsosatisfied.IV:
canhavehemorrhoidsprolapseorpersistenthematochezia;
alsosatisfiedeasilyafterprolapse.
2.externalhemorrhoids:
themainclinicalmanifestationswereanalsofttissuemass,analdiscomfort,wetitchingorforeignbodysensation,suchasthrombosisandinflammationmayhavepain.
3.:
themainclinicalmanifestationsofmixedhemorrhoidshemorrhoidsandhemorrhoidssymptomsexistatthesametime,showedseverehemorrhoids.
(two)examinationmethod;
1.inspection:
checkwhethertheanushemorrhoidsprolapse,analnonvaricoseexternalhemorrhoids,thromboticexternalhemorrhoidsandskintags,squattingcheckwhennecessary.Toobservethelocationandsizeofinternalhemorrhoidsprolapseandhemorrhoidsbleedingandnomucosalhyperemiaandedema,erosionandulcer.
2.anorectalindications:
itisanimportantmethodofexamination.I,ii.
Hemorrhoidsreferstonoabnormalitiesofrecurrentprolapse;
thirdandfourthdegreehemorrhoids,sometimesreferstotouchthedentatelinethefibrosisofhemorrhoids.Anorectalexaminationcaneliminateanorectaltumorsandotherdiseases.
anorectalmirrorcanclearthelocation,size,numberofhemorrhoidsandhemorrhoidsmucosableeding,edema,erosion,etc..
4.fecaloccultbloodtestisacommonlyusedscreeningmethod:
eliminationofdigestivetracttumor.
5.totalcolonoscopy:
Patientswithhemorrhoidshematochezia,familyhistoryofdigestivetracttumororpolypdisease,Ihaveover50yearsofage,positivefecaloccultbloodtestandirondeficiencyanemia,recommendedcolonoscopy.
Three、differentialdiagnosisofhemorrhoids
Evenwithhemorrhoidsshouldalsoidentifydiseases,sexuallytransmitteddiseasesandcolorectalcancer,analcancer,polyps,rectalprolapse,perianalabscess,analfistula,analfissure,hypertrophyofanalpapilla,anorectalandinflammatoryboweldisease.
Four、TCMsyndromedifferentiationofhemorrhoids
1.windinjuryintestinalcollaterals:
stoolbloodejection,orblood,bloodred,drystool,analitching,drymouthandthroat.Redtongue,yellowmoss,pulsefloatingnumber.Treatcoolingbloodtostopbleeding.
2.dampheatbetcard:
thenred,morequantity.Externalmass,swelling,burningpain,orswellingoftheanalmass.Dryorloose,shortredurine.Redtongue,yellowgreasymoss,pulsefloatingnumber.Curetoheatdampness.
Three
Qistagnationandbloodstasissyndrome:
thetumorisoutoftheanus,edema,thrombosis,orincarceration,thesurfaceofpurpledark,erosionandexudate,severepain,tendernessisobvious,analcanalcontraction.Constipation,urination.Darkpurpletongueorpetechiae,pulsestringorastringent.Promotingbloodcirculationtoreduceswelling.
4.spleendeficiencysyndrome:
Qistagnationwasanalprolapse,noteasyreduction,analbulge,defecatingweakness,thenredlight.Asmall,dizziness,lassitude,eatlessfatigue,lessgaslazywords.Paletongue,thinwhitefur,threadypulse.Treatingqitopromoteqi.
Five,thetreatmentofhemorrhoids
Treatmentprinciple:
asymptomatichemorrhoidswithouttreatment.Thepurposeoftreatmentistoeliminateandreducethesymptomsofhemorrhoids.Thesymptomsofliftinghemorrhoidsaremoresignificantthanthoseofchangingthesizeofthehemorrhoid,andshouldberegardedasthestandardoftherapeuticeffect.Thedoctorshouldadoptreasonablenon-surgicalorsurgicaltreatmentaccordingtothepatient'
scondition,experienceandmedicalcondition.
(I)generaltreatment
Toimprovethediet,maintaindefecateunobstructed,payattentiontothetreatmentofanalcleaningandsoonallkindsofbathhemorrhoidsareeffective.
(two)drugtherapy
Drugtherapyisanimportantmethodforthetreatmentofhemorrhoids,hemorrhoids,IIIpatientsshouldbethedrugofchoicefortreatment.
1.topicalmedicationsincludesuppositories,creamsandlotions.Thesuppositoryandcreamcontainingtherepairing,protectingandlubricatingcomponentoftheangleacidmucosahavegoodtreatmenteffectonthehemorrhoid.Drugscontainingsteroidderivativescanrelievesymptomsintheacutephase,butshouldnotbeusedforlong-termandprophylacticuse.
2.systemicdrugtreatment:
commonlyuseddrugsincludeintravenousenhancer,anti-inflammatorypainmedicine.
(1)intravenousenhancerarecommonlyused:
micronisedpurifiedflavonoidingredients,MelilotusExtractTablet,Ginkgobilobaextract,canrelievethesymptomsofacutehemorrhoids,butthenumberofintravenousenhancercombinedwithnoobvioussuperiority;
(2):
anti-inflammatorydrugscaneffectivelyrelievethehemorrhoidsandhemorrhoidsthrombuscausedbypain;
(3)Chinesemedicinedialecticaltherapy.
(three)sclerosingagentinjectiontherapy
Submucosalinjectionofsclerosingagentiseffectivemethodintreatmentofinternalhemorrhoids,mainlyusedinI,seconddegreehemorrhoids,significantshort-termeffect.Complicationsincludelocalpain,burningpainintheanus,tissuenecrosis,ulcerationoranalstenosis,hemorrhoids,thrombosis,submucosalabscessandinduration.Externalhemorrhoidsandhemorrhoidsduringpregnancyshouldbedisabled.
(four)appliancetherapy
The1.part:
rubberringligationtherapyissuitableforvarioushemorrhoidshemorrhoidsandmixedhemorrhoid,especiallyingradeII,accompaniedbybleedingand/orprolapse.Theligationsiteinthedentatelinearea,discomfortandcomplicationsofrectaltenesmus,pain,apronslippage,delayedbleeding,analedema,skinulceration,thromboticexternalhemorrhoids,pelvicinfectionetc..
2.Chinesemedicinelineligation:
woundintherootsofhemorrhoidsmedicinelinewrappedwithsilkthread,paperormedicine,thehemorrhoidsnecrosis,woundrepairandhealingby.
3.physicaltherapy,includinglasertreatment,cryotherapy,directcurrenttherapyandcopperionelectrochemistrytherapy,microwavecoagulationtherapy,infraredcoagulationtherapy,etc..ThemainindicationsforI,II,grade.Themaincomplicationswerebleeding,edema,woundhealing,delayandinfection.
(five)surgicaltreatment
Indications:
hemorrhoidshasdevelopedtothethirdandfourthdegree,seconddegreeorwithseriousbleedinghemorrhoids;
acuteincarceratedhemorrhoids,hemorrhoids,mixedhemorrhoidsandnecrotizingexternalhemorrhoidssymptomsandsignsofsignificant;
nonoperativetreatmentisinvalidandnooperativecontraindications.
Hemorrhoidssurgeryisdividedintothefollowing.
1.hemorrhoidectomy:
completeresectionorpartialPrincipleNohemorrhoidsoperation:
(1)thewoundopenMilliganMorgan(Milligan-Morgan)operation;
(2)asemiopenwound(Parks)surgery;
(3)thewoundclosedsurgery(Ferguson);
(4)MilliganMorganhardeningagentinjection;
(5)theringhemorrhoidsurgery,includingsemiclosedloophemorrhoidectomy(Toupetsurgery),closedloophemorrhoidectomy(Whiteheadsurgery),butduetocomplications,theclinicalhasbeenbasicallyabandoned.
Reasonableattentionshouldbepaidtothelocationandquantityofskinbridge,mucousmembranebridgeandthetimeofwoundhealing.
2.procedurefor,prolapsed,hemorrhoid,PPH)upperhemorrhoidalmucosaresection:
therectalmucosaandsubmucosaltissuewereremovedbystaplerthroughtheanus.Suitablefortheannularprolapseofthethirdandfourthdegreehemorrhoidsandrecurrentbleedinghemorrhoidsii.Attentionshouldbepaidtothepreventionandtreatmentofbleeding,swelling,analstenosis,infectionandothercompl
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