iso13406检测标准英文版Word文档下载推荐.docx
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iso13406检测标准英文版Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Thispermitsseveraluserstoviewtheentiredisplayareaatthesametime.Thisappliesbothforintendedviewingdistance(between40and60cm,dependingonthesizeandresolutionofthemonitor)andforaviewinganglewithinan80conewithoutanyrestrictionofvisualefficiency.
ClassII–
Permitsasingleusertoviewtheentireareaofthedisplay.Thisappliesforintendedviewingdistance(between40and60cm,dependingonthesizeandresolutionofthemonitor)fromeverypositioninfrontofthescreen,insuchawaythatregularityofinformation(brightness,contrast,colors)ismaintained.
ClassIII–
Permitsasingleviewertoviewtheentireareaofthedisplay.Thisappliesforintendedviewingdistance(between40and60cm,dependingonthesizeandresolutionofthemonitor)fromonefixedposition,insuchawaythatregularityofinformation(brightness,contrast,colors)ismaintained.
ClassIV–
Permitsasingleusertoviewthecenterofthescreen.Thisappliesforintendedviewingdistance(between40and60cm,dependingonthesizeandresolutionofthemonitor)fromonefixedposition,insuchawaythatregularityofinformation(brightness,contrast,colors)ismaintained.
Pixelfaults
A15-inchLCDmonitorconsistsof1024x768pixels,eachofwhichcontainsthreesubpixels.Onetransistorregulatesthecolorofeachsubpixel(onetransistorpersubpixel!
).Ifoneofthesetransistorsfails,thepixelcaneitherappearpermanentlyblackorwhiteordisplaythewrongcolor.Duetomanufacturingissues,errorscanariseonthepanels(theactualpictureelements)ofTFTmonitors,Dependingonwhatkindoffaultispresent,andtheimagecanbedistortedtoagreaterorlesserdegree.Ablinkingpixel,forexample,ismoreofanirritantthanaconstantlyilluminatedredone.Aclusterofdefectivepixelsinasmallareaismoreapparentthanifthefaultsaredistributedovertheentirepanel.
Dependingonhowmanydefectssuchastheseoccurinapanel,onecancategorizeTFTmonitorsintofourpixelfaultclasses.
Nopixelfaults–
Thepixelmatrixisregular.Therearenogapsordefectivepixels.
TypeImalfunction–
Acompletepixelisconstantlyilluminated.Theresultisaconstantlywhitepoint.
Toleranceper1millionpixels:
ClassI:
0
ClassII:
2
ClassIII:
5
ClassIV:
50
TypeIImalfunction–
Acompletepixelisnotilluminatedatall.Theresultisaconstantlydarkpoint.
15
150
TypeIIImalfunction–
Oneortwosubpixels(red,greenorblue)arepermanentlyswitchedonoroff.Thisresultsinapixelinoneofthebasiccolors(red,green,blue,cyan,magenta,yellow)–herecyan.Ablinkingpixelcanalsooccur.
500
FaultclusterI–
ThereareseveralTypeIorIImalfunctionsinafieldof5x5pixels.
FaultclusterII–
ThereareseveralTypeIIImalfunctionsina5x5pixelarea.
Clusterdefinition
ClusterisdefinedastwoormoreTypeIIIdefectswithin5*5pixelmatrix.
Aimistominimizenumberofclusters,whencountingdefects.
IndividualTypeIIIdefectscanbedoubleortriplecounted,whencountingclusters.
Luminanceandbrightnessdistribution
WithLCDmonitors,luminanceofthescreensurfaceisachievedbybacklighting.Athinfoilcoveringtheentiredisplaybackgrounddistributesthelightofanumberoflightelementssituatedattheedgesofthedisplayovertheentiredisplayarea.
Luminanceisameasureforthelightemittedfromthemonitor.Becauseoftheirbacklighting,LCDmonitorsexhibitluminanceofover200cd/m2andthusagreaterdegreeofluminanceoverallascomparedwithCRTmonitors.
Furthermore,theevennessofbrightnessdistributionisimportantforthequalityofimagegeneration.IrregularitiescanresultinparticularfromimproperorimpreciseoftheLCDmonitoralsofromlowerqualitylightingsystems.
Sincethehumaneyeperceivescolorsinrelationtotheirbrightness,irregularitiesinthedistributionofbrightnesswillalsoleadtodeficienciesinthedisplayofcolor.
Flicker
Fontanalysis
Thecharactersmustbeclearandsharp.Theremustnotbeanydistractingirregularitiesasregardsthecharactersandsurfacesofequalluminance.
Reflections
ThereflectioncharacteristicsofanLCDscreenareofparticularimportanceinverybrightambientconditionsorinthevicinityofmultiplelightsources,asacceptabledisplayqualityisrequiredhereaswell.Thestandardprovidesforthreequalityclasses:
Appropriateforgeneralofficeconditionswithoutspecialrequirementsastoworkplacelighting.
Appropriateformostofficeconditions,withfewexceptions.
Appropriateforofficeconditionswithcontrolledluminance,i.e.theworkstationissubjecttospeciallightingrequirements.
Contrast
Contrastistheratiobetweentheindividualtonesofbrightnessinthepicture.PicturecontrastisofcrucialimportanceforthequalityofaTFTmonitor.Thismeansthat–dependingonthequalityofthemonitorandambientlightconditions,theperceptualdifferencebetweenpictureareaswhichareverydark–evenblackinthemostextremecases–andverybrightones–evenwhiteinthemostextremecases–canbeverygreatorveryslight.
ISOstandard13406-2measuresthecontrastofamonitorunderthreedifferentambientconditions:
inabsolutedarkness,underofficeconditionsandunderconditionsofdaylight.
Darkroom(<
51x)
Inabsolutedarkness,displaycontrastisatitsgreatest.Thevaluesachievedhereare,however,notnormallyapplicableineverydayconditions.
Officeconditions(293lx)
Displaycontrastisalreadysomewhatreducedduetothebrighterambientlighting.Thismeasuringparameterapproximatesmostcloselytheconditionsataworkstation.
Daylight(>
5000lx)
Inbrightdaylightoutside,displaycontrastisstronglyreduced.Thecontrastratioisonlyafractionofthatobservedinthedarkroom.Thismeasurementislargelyirrelevanttoworkinsidebuildings.
ISO13406Part2–TheNewStandardforLCDbringsTransparencytotheDisplayMarket
ISO13406Part2,introducedatthebeginningofthisyear,aspartoftheTUVergonomictesting,istheansweroftheInternationalOrganizationofStandardization(ISO)totheincreaseddemandforliquidcrystaldisplays.ThenewstandarddealswithergonomicrequirementsspecifictoLCDtechnology.Sofar,onlyISO9241Parts3,7,and8havesetstandardsforvisualdisplayterminals,buttheywereinitiallydevelopedforCathodeRayTube(CRT)monitorsanddidnottakealloftheLCDcharacteristicsintoaccount.
ThekeyqualityissuescoveredbythenewstandardISO13406Part2aretherefore:
-Displayluminance
-Contrast
-Colorreproduction
-Luminanceandcoloruniformity
-Fontanalysis
-Flicker
-Reflection
-Pixeldefects
Theabove-mentionedpropertiesareevaluatedandtheresultstranslatedintothethreecategoriesexplainedbelow.ThesecategoriesareexplicitlystatedontheISOcertificateissuedforthemonitorinquestion.
ViewingAngles
OneofthecharacteristicsspecifictoLCDisthefactthatthequalityofthedisplayedimagedependsontheviewingangle.Apartfromthedisplayquality,luminance,colorreproduction,andcontrasthavetobetakenintoconsideration.TheISO13406Part2standardspecifiesmeasurementvaluesforergonomicdesignandqualityrequirementsinordertoevaluatetheperformanceofanLCDmonitorfromdifferentviewingangles.ClassesfromItoIVdescribethemainuseforwhichamonitorhasbeendesigned.Forexample,aclassIVmonitoristobeusedbyasinglepersonsittingrightinfrontofthescreen.ClassImonitorsaredesignedforanumberofpeopleviewingfromdifferentanglesatthesametime.
Viewingangleclassificationprovidesperformanceassessmenttypeofapplication
Forparallelviewingbyseveralusers
Adequatefor1user
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