GMAT考试阅读练习题Word格式文档下载.docx
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GMAT考试阅读练习题Word格式文档下载.docx
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Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsnowgenerallyagreethatthe
(A)enormouswingspanofthepterosaursenabledthemtoflygreatdistances
(B)structureoftheskeletonofthepterosaurssuggestsacloseevolutionaryrelationshiptobats
(C)fossilremainsofthepterosaursrevealhowtheysolvedtheproblemofpoweredflight
(D)pterosaurswerereptiles
(E)pterosaurswalkedonallfours
2.Theauthorviewstheideathatthepterosaursbecameairbornebyrisingintolightwindscreatedbywavesas
(A)revolutionary
(B)unlikely
(C)unassailable
(D)probable
(E)outdated
3.Accordingtothepassage,theskeletonofapterosaurcanbedistinguishedfromthatofabirdbythe
(A)sizeofitswingspan
(B)presenceofhollowspacesinitsbones
(C)anatomicoriginofitswingstrut
(D)presenceofhooklikeprojectionsonitshindfeet
(E)locationoftheshoulderjointjoiningthewingtoitsbody
4.TheideasattributedtoT.H.Huxieyinthepassagesuggestthathewouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?
(A)Ananimal‘sbrainsizehaslittlebearingonitsabilitytomastercomplexbehaviors.
(B)Ananimal‘sappearanceisofteninfluencedbyenvironmentalrequirementsandphysicalcapabilities.
(C)Animalswithinagivenfamilygroupareunlikelytochangetheirappearancedramaticallyoveraperiodoftime.
(D)Theoriginofflightinvertebrateswasanaccidentaldevelopmentratherthantheoutcomeofspecializationoradaptation.
(E)Thepterosaursshouldbeclassifiedasbirds,notreptiles.
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofthepterosaurs?
(A)Theywereunabletofoldtheirwingswhennotinuse.
(B)Theyhungupsidedownfrombranchesasbatsdobeforeflight.
(C)Theyflewinordertocaptureprey.
(D)Theywereanearlystageintheevolutionofthebirds.
(E)Theylivedprimarilyinaforestlikehabitat.
6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthelastparagraphofthepassage?
(A)Newevidenceisintroducedtosupportatraditionalpointofview.
(B)Threeexplanationsforaphenomenonarepresented,andeachisdisputedbymeansofspecificinformation.
(C)Threehypothesesareoutlined,andevidencesupportingeachisgiven.
(D)Recentdiscoveriesaredescribed,andtheirimplicationsforfuturestudyareprojected.
(E)Asummaryofthematerialintheprecedingparagraphsispresented,andconclusionsaredrawn.
7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatsomescientistsbelievethatpterosaurs
(A)livednearlargebodiesofwater
(B)hadsharpteethfortearingfood
(C)wereattackedandeatenbylargerreptiles
(D)hadlongertailsthanmanybirds
(E)consumedtwicetheirweightdailytomaintaintheirbodytemperature
Passage2
Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan‘sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.Inpart,thisstresscanbeattributedtotheoverlords‘failuretoadjusttoarapidlyexpandingeconomy,butthestresswasalsoduetofactorsbeyondtheoverlords‘control.Concentrationofthesamuraiincastle-townshadactedasastimulustotrade.Commercialefficiency,inturn,hadputtemptationsinthewayofbuyers.Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.
Overlords‘income,despitethein-creaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords‘incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryofficeholding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-brokerswhohandleditsfinances.Onceindebt,neithertheindividualsamurainortheshogunhimselffounditeasytorecover.
Itwasdifficultforindividualsamuraiover-lordstoincreasetheirincomebecausetheamountofricethatfarmerscouldbemadetopayintaxeswasnotunlimited,andsincetheincomeofJapan‘scentralgovernmentconsistedimpartoftaxescollectedbytheshogunfromhis
hugedomain,thegovernmenttoowascon-strained.Therefore,theTokugawashogunsbegantolooktoothersourcesforrevenue.Cashprofitsfromgovernment-ownedmineswerealreadyonthedeclinebecausethemosteasilyworkeddepositsofsilverandgoldhadbeenexhausted,althoughdebasementofthecoinagehadcompensatedfortheloss
Openingupnewfarmlandwasapossibility,butmostofwhatwassuitablehadalreadybeenexploitedandfurtherreclamationwastechnicallyunfeasible.Directtaxationofthesamuraithemselveswouldbepoliticallydangerous.Thislefttheshogunsonlycommerceasapotentialsourceofgovernmentincome.
Mostofthecountry‘swealth,orsoitseemed,wasfindingitswayintothehandsofcitymerchants.Itappearedreasonablethattheyshouldcontributepartofthatrevenuetoeasetheshogun‘sburdenoffinancingthestate.Ameansofobtainingsuchrevenuewassoonfoundbylevyingforcedloans,knownasgoyokin;
althoughthesewerenottaxesinthestrictsense,sincetheywereirregularintimingandarbitraryinamount,theywerehighinyield.Unfortunately,theypushedupprices.Thus,regrettably,theTokugawashoguns‘searchforsolvencyforthegovernmentmadeitincreasinglydifficultforindividualJapanesewholivedonfixedstipendstomakeendsmeet.
Thepassageismostprobablyanexcerptfrom
(A)aneconomichistoryofJapan
(B)thememoirsofasamuraiwarrior
(C)amodernnovelabouteighteenth-centuryJapan
(D)anessaycontrastingJapanesefeudalismwithitsWesterncounterpart
(E)anintroductiontoacollectionofJapanesefolktales
2.WhichofthefollowingfinancialsituationsismostanalogoustothefinancialsituationinwhichJapan‘sTokugawashogunsfoundthemselvesintheeighteenthcentury?
(A)Asmallbusinessborrowsheavilytoinvestinnewequipment,butisabletopayoffitsdebtearlywhenitisawardedalucrativegovernmentcontract.
(B)Firedestroysasmallbusiness,butinsurancecoversthecostofrebuilding.
(C)Asmallbusinessisturneddownforaloanatalocalbankbecausetheownershavenocredithistory.
(D)Asmallbusinesshastostrugglestomeetoperatingexpenseswhenitsprofitsdecrease.
(E)Asmallbusinessisabletocutbacksharplyspendingthroughgreatercommercialefficiencyandtherebycompensateforalossofrevenue.
3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardthesamuraidiscussedinlines11-16?
(A)Warmlyapproving
(B)Mildlysympathetic
(C)Bitter
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