BBC美丽中国英文字幕12香格里拉龙之心解读.docx
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BBC美丽中国英文字幕12香格里拉龙之心解读.docx
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BBC美丽中国英文字幕12香格里拉龙之心解读
美丽中国英文字幕
(2)——香格里拉
Beneathbillowingclouds,inChina'sfarsouthwestern
Yunnanprovince,liesaplaceofmysteryandlegend.
Ofmightyriversandsomeoftheoldestjunglesintheworld.
Here,hiddenvalleysnurturestrangeanduniquecreatures,andcolourfultribalcultures.
Junglesarerarelyfoundthisfarnorthofthetropics.
So,whydotheythrivehere?
AndhowhasthisruggedlandscapecometoharbourthegreatestnaturalwealthinallChina?
IntheremotesouthwestcornerofChina,acelebrationisabouttotakeplace.
Daipeoplecollectwaterforthemostimportantfestivaloftheiryear.
TheDaicallthemselvesthepeopleofthewater.
Yunnan'srivervalleyshavebeentheirhomeforover2,000years.
Bybringingtheriverwatertothetemple,theyhonourthetwothingsholiesttothemBuddhismandtheirhome.
TheDaigivethanksfortheriversandfertilelandswhichhavenurturedtheirculture.
Thoughtosomeitmightseemjustanexcuseforthebiggestwaterfightofalltime.
DailivesarechangingastownsgetbiggerandmodernisebuttheWaterSplashingFestivalisstillcelebratedbyall.
TheriverswhichlieattheheartofDailifeandcultureflowfromthedistantmountainsofTibet,southwardthroughcentralYunnaningreatparallelgorges.
TheDainowliveinthebordersoftropicalVietnamandLaos,buttheirlegendstellofhowtheirancestorscameherebyfollowingtheriversfrommountainlandsinthecoldfarnorth.
LyingatthefareasternendoftheHimalayas,
theHengduanmountainsformYunnan'snorthernborderwithTibet.
Kawakarpo,crownoftheHengduanrange,isasiteofholypilgrimage.
Yet,itsformidablepeakremainsunconquered.
Yunnan'smountainsareremote,ruggedandinaccessible.
Heretheairisthinandtemperaturescandropbelowminus40degrees.
Thisishometoananimalthat'sfoundnowhereelseonEarth.
TheYunnansnub-nosedmonkey.
It'sfoundonlyinthesefewisolatedmountainforests.
Nootherprimatelivesatsuchhighaltitudesbutthesearetruespecialists.
Theseancientmountaindwellershaveinspiredlegends.
LocalLisupeopleconsiderthemtheirancestors,
callingthem"thewildmenofthemountains".
Duringheavysnowfalls,eventhesespecialistscannotfeed.
Itseemsastrangeplaceforamonkey.
Betweensnows,themonkeyswastenotimeintheirsearchforfood.
Atthisaltitude,therearefewfruitsortenderleavestoeat.
90%oftheirdietismadeupofthe
finedrywispsofacuriousorganism.
Halffungus,halfplantit'slichen.
Howhavemonkeys,normally
associatedwithlowlandjungle,cometolivesucharemotemountainexistence?
Thisisnottheonlyremarkableanimalfoundwithintheseisolatedhighpeaks.
AChineseredpanda.
Solitaryandquiet,itspendsmuchofitstimeinthetreetops.
Despiteitsname,theredpandaisonlyaverydistantrelativeofthegiantpanda.
It'sactuallymorecloselyrelatedtoaskunk.
Butitdoessharethegiantpanda'stasteforbamboo.
SouthwestChina'sredpandasare
knownfortheirverystrongfacialmarkingswhichdistinguishthemfromredpandasfound
anywhereelseintheHimalayas.
Likethemonkeys,theywereisolatedinthesehighforests
whenthemountainsquiteliterallyrosebeneaththem
inthegreatestmountain-building
eventinrecentgeologicalhistory.
Overthelast30millionyears,theIndiansubcontinenthasbeen
pushingnorthwardsintoEurasia.
OntheborderbetweenIndiaandTibet
therockshavebeenraisedeightkilometresabovesealevel,
creatingtheworld'shighest
mountainrange,theHimalayas.Buttotheeast,therockshavebuckledintoaseries
ofsteepnorth-southridges,
cuttingdownthroughtheheartofYunnan,
theparallelmountainsoftheHengduanShan.
Thesenaturalbarriersserveto
isolateYunnan'splantsandanimalsineachadjacentvalley.
Whilethehugetemperature
rangebetweenthesnowypeaksandthewarmerslopesbelowprovidesavastarrayof
conditionsforlifetothrive.Throughspring,theHengduanslopesstageoneof
China'sgreatestnaturalspectacles.
Theforestshereareamongthemostdiversebotanicalareasintheworld.
Over18,000plantspeciesgrowhere,
ofwhich3,000arefoundnowhereelse.
Untillittlemorethanacenturyago,
thisplacewasunknownoutsideChina.
ButthennewsreachedtheWestofamysterious,hiddenworldoftheorient.
Hiddenamongthemountains,alostShangri-laparadise.
Westernhighsociety,inthegrip
ofagardeningcraze,waseagerforexoticspeciesfromfarawayplaces.
Thisgaverisetoanew
breedofcelebrityadventurers,intrepidbotanist-explorersknownas"thePlantHunters".
YunnanbecametheirHolyGrail.
ThemostfamouswasJosephRock,areallifeIndianaJones.
Remarkablefilmfootagecapturedhisentourageonaseriesofexpeditions,
astheypushedintothedeepestcornersofYunnan.
Ingloriouscolourherecordedtheplantlifehefound
onspecialphotographicglassplates.
SendingthousandsofspecimensbacktotheWest,thePlantHunterschangedthe
gardensoftheworldforever.
Rock'ssuccesswasbornofamassiveeffort.
For,tofindhisShangri-la,notonlyhadhetotraverse
endlessmountainranges,butsomeofthedeepestgorgesintheworld.
TheNujiangiscalledTheAngryRiver.
This300-kilometrestretchofragingrapidsisasmuchabarriertolife
asarethemountainsabove.
WAVESCRASH
Buttheplanthuntersweren'tthefirstpeopletotravelhere.
AlongtheNujiang,lessthan30ropecrossingsallow
localspassageacrossthetorrents.
Tinyhamletsclingtotheslopes.
Thismorning,it'smarketday,drawingpeoplefromupanddownthevalley.
PIGOINKS
GOATBLEATS
Hangingfromsimpleropeslings,peoplehavebeenusingthecrossings
formanyhundredsofyears.
Insuchnarrow,precipitousgorgesit'sbyfartheeasiestwaytogetaround.
Onceacross,thesteepsidesmeanit'sstillahike.
Manytrekforhoursbyfootbeforetheygettothemarket.
Theimmensevalleyishometooveradozenethnicgroups.
Some,liketheNupeople,arefoundonlyhere.
Themarketsbringthemountaintribestogether.
Tocontinuehisexpeditions,Rockhadtogethisentireentourage
acrossthegiantYunnanrivers.
Hecommissionedespeciallythickropesmadefromforestrattan
andfilmedtheentireevent.
Withyakbuttertosmooththeride,40menand15mulesmadethejourney.
Notallmadeitacross.
OnthefarsideofthegreatNujianggorge,thePlantHuntersmadearemarkablediscovery.
Farfromthetropics,theyseemedtobeenteringasteamy,vibranttropicaljungle,
theforestofGaoligongshan.
Theflorahereisunlikeanywhereelseintheworld.
Nexttosubtropicalspecies,alpineplantsgrowingiantform.
Crowningthecanopy,rhododendrons,upto30metreshigh.
InAprilandMay,theirflowersturntheforestsrubyred,
attractingbirdspeciesfoundonlyhere.
Constantmoistureintheairmeansthatthebranchesareladen
withfloweringepiphytes,fiercelyguardedbytinysunbirds,
uniquetothesevalleys.
Nectarfeeders,thesearethehumming
birdsoftheOldWorldtropics.
TheforestsofGaoligongshanarehometosomeofChina'srarestwildlife.
ThisisafemaleTemminck'sTragopan.
Shehasacolourfulmaleadmirer.
He'shopingtowooherwithhispeculiarpeekaboodisplay
butshe'snotabouttoberushed.
Hiscolourfulskinwattle
reflectsmorelightthanfeathersdo.
Toher,thisislikeaneonsign.
Seeinghischance,
themalemakeshismove.
Constantmoisturein
theGaoligongshanforests
meansthatthroughouttheyear
therearealwaysfruitsonthetrees.
Suchabundanceoffoodencourages
ahighdiversityoffruiteaters
morecommonlyfoundinthetropics.
Theblackgiantsquirrelisfound
onlyinundisturbedrainforest.
Atclosetoametreinlength,it's
oneoftheworld'slargestsquirrels.
Themysteryisthattheseforests
aregrowingwelloutsidethetropics.
Byrights,noneofthisjungle,
oritsanimals,shouldbehere.
Thesearebearmacaques.
They'refoundonlyin
tropicalandsub-tropicaljungle.
Withatinyhomerangeof
justafewsquarekilometres,
theydependontheabundantfruit
thatonlytruerainforests
canprovideallyearround.
TotheEuropeanplanthunters,
thesenorthernrainforestsmusthave
seemedafantasticand
mysteriouslostworld.
Yet,whentheycamehere,theywould
havefoundbeautifullyconstructed
ancientstonepathways
onwhichtheforest
couldbeexplored.
Windingwestwardsintothehills,
thesewereoncesomeofthemost
importanthighwaysinAsia,
thesouthwesternteaandsilkroad.
Builtthousandsofyearsago,
thesouthwesternteaandsilkroad
gaveaccesstotheworld
beyondChina'sborders,
carryingtradesmenandtravellers
fromasfarawayasRome.
Warswerefoughtoveraccess
tothistinypath,
theonlysureroutein
oroutofChina,
thatwasguaranteedto
beclearofsnowallyearround.
So,whatcausesGaoligongshan's
strangeandremarkableclimate?
InlateMay,gustsofwindarrive,
bringingwiththemthekeyto
Gaoligongshan'smystery.
Thewindsarehot
andsaturatedwithwater.
Theycomealltheway
fromtheIndianOcean.
ChannelledbyYunnan's
uniquegeography,
theybringwiththemthe
moistureofthetropicalmonsoon.
Thegiantrivervalleys,
createdmillionsofyearsago,
actlikeimmensefunnels.
Thegorgesaresodeepandnarrow,
thatthemoistwarmairisdriven
rightupintothenorthofYunnan.
Theresultisrain,intorrents!
Fourmonthsofdailyrainstorms
sustainluxuriantvegetation.
Thearrivalofthemonsoon
awakensoneoftheforest's
mostextraordinary
moisture-lovinginhabitants.
Thecrocodilenewtisoneof
themostunusualofthemany
amphibianspeciesfoundhere.
Astherainsarrive,
theyemergetomate.
Thenewtsaresai
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